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European Journal of Translational... Oct 2022More than half of pregnant women are usually affected by odontogenic pain affects. Pain often accompanies periapical or pulp infections and increases the risks to... (Review)
Review
More than half of pregnant women are usually affected by odontogenic pain affects. Pain often accompanies periapical or pulp infections and increases the risks to pregnant patients and their fetuses. The American Dental Association, in partnership with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, has offered a strong declaration reaffirming the significance of suitable and timely oral health care as an indispensable constituent of a healthy pregnancy. However, there is lack of knowledge about the use of antibiotics in endodontic treatment. Therefore, the present study would review the researches done in this area and tries to provide comprehensive and complete information about the use of antibiotics in endodontic treatment during pregnancy. Based on the results, it can be said that using antibiotics during pregnancy are allowed, and they can be used normally and safely by pregnant women.
PubMed: 36268928
DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10813 -
Swiss Dental Journal Oct 2019These guidelines address the administration of systemic antibiotics in periodontics, especially in the treatment of periodontitis, necrotizing...
These guidelines address the administration of systemic antibiotics in periodontics, especially in the treatment of periodontitis, necrotizing gingivitis/periodontitis, periodontal abscess and periimplantitis. Microorganisms associated with these conditions aggregate as structured biofilms on tooth surfaces, and biofilms effectively protect microorganisms from antibiotics. It is therefore a central principle to use antibiotics only as adjunct to mechanical debridement. In fact, many cases can be resolved by mechanical therapy even without the prescription of antibiotics. Good oral hygiene is crucial for longterm success.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Implants; Gingivitis; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontics; Periodontitis
PubMed: 31607436
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Dec 2018Oral health directly affects overall health and quality of life. More Americans lack dental insurance than medical insurance. Patients with poor oral health are more... (Review)
Review
Oral health directly affects overall health and quality of life. More Americans lack dental insurance than medical insurance. Patients with poor oral health are more likely to have respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and diabetes mellitus. Early childhood caries is the most common chronic condition in American children. Certain illicit and prescription drugs increase the risk of enamel erosion and caries formation in adults. Incision and drainage is the treatment of choice for dental abscess. Risk factors for periodontal disease include smoking, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, use of certain medications, and genetic susceptibility. Patients with gingivitis typically present with swollen, erythematous gum tissue that bleeds easily with brushing or flossing. One in three children will have an injury to the primary teeth, and one in five 12-year-old children will have an injury to the permanent teeth. All dental fractures should be evaluated with imaging and managed in conjunction with a dental professional. Immediate reimplantation is the preferred treatment for avulsed permanent teeth. Primary care clinicians are well positioned to reduce rates of oral disease. Family physicians can incorporate oral health into routine practice through counseling about diet, oral hygiene, smoking cessation, and fluoride supplementation; application of fluoride varnish; and screening for dental disease.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Primary Health Care; Risk Factors; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 30485039
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Periodontology Mar 2009Implant-supported restorations have become the most popular therapeutic option for professionals and patients for the treatment of total and partial edentulism. When... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Implant-supported restorations have become the most popular therapeutic option for professionals and patients for the treatment of total and partial edentulism. When implants are placed in an ideal position, with adequate prosthetic loading and proper maintenance, they can have success rates >90% over 15 years of function. Implants may be considered a better therapeutic alternative than performing more extensive conservative procedures in an attempt to save or maintain a compromised tooth. Inadequate indication for tooth extraction has resulted in the sacrifice of many sound savable teeth. This article presents a chart that can assist clinicians in making the right decision when they are deciding which route to take.
METHODS
Articles published in peer-reviewed English journals were selected using several scientific databases and subsequently reviewed. Book sources were also searched. Individual tooth- and patient-related features were thoroughly analyzed, particularly when determining if a tooth should be indicated for extraction.
RESULTS
A color-based decision-making chart with six different levels, including several factors, was developed based upon available scientific literature. The rationale for including these factors is provided, and its interpretation is justified with literature support.
CONCLUSION
The decision-making chart provided may serve as a reference guide for dentists when making the decision to save or extract a compromised tooth.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Attitude to Health; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Databases as Topic; Decision Making; Decision Support Techniques; Decision Trees; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Esthetics, Dental; Furcation Defects; Health Status; Humans; Oral Surgical Procedures; Patient Compliance; Periodontal Abscess; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Post and Core Technique; Retreatment; Review Literature as Topic; Root Canal Therapy; Smoking; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Mobility; Tooth Root; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19254132
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080454 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Sep 2020An orthopantomogram (OPG) is a common radiograph used to identify the hard tissues of the oral cavity and surrounding skeletal structures. It is an extra-oral...
BACKGROUND
An orthopantomogram (OPG) is a common radiograph used to identify the hard tissues of the oral cavity and surrounding skeletal structures. It is an extra-oral radiograph that approximates the focal trough of the mandible. Although resolution is not as detailed as intra-oral radiographs for examination of the teeth, gross changes in calcification of the dental structures, and changes in ossification of the underlying mandible and maxilla can aid in identification of dental disease such as caries (decay), periodontal bone loss, and abscess and cyst formation.
OBJECTIVE
This article outlines key anatomical features identifiable in an OPG and illustrates some common pathology that may be seen.
DISCUSSION
The large amount of data visible on an OPG may appear daunting to the viewer unless a systematic approach is used to examine structures present. Distortion due to flattening of the curve of the mandible and dentition will give an overall view of these structures and requires the viewer to reinterpret these in their mind for a three-dimensional appreciation of the image.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 32864665
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-07-20-5536 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide...
Knowledge of microbial composition and antimicrobials' susceptibility to periodontal abscesses is vital for their successful treatment. The current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the clinical and microbial features of periodontal abscesses of the local community. The study was carried out at Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan between December 2019 to March 2020. Clinical measurements and microbial samples were collected from 45 subjects. Microbial samples were anaerobically cultured for the growth of selected bacterial species. E-test was used to assess the susceptibility of bacterial species grown from the patient samples to amoxicillin, azithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. The majority of affected patients had preexisting chronic periodontitis. All abscesses clinically demonstrated bleeding on probing and suppuration. The periodontal abscess was most commonly associated with lower incisors and canines, followed by lower molars and then upper incisor and canine teeth. spp. (73%) was the most frequently detected species followed by (65%), (46%) and (24%). The detected clinical isolates of certain bacteria demonstrated resistance to all tested antibiotics except azithromycin. We conclude that spp., , and are closely associated with periodontal abscess. Bacterial species associated with periodontal abscess demonstrated some level of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline while antibiotic resistance to azithromycin could not be demonstrated.
PubMed: 33003527
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100654 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Diabetes mellitus, a chronic hyperglycemic disorder has been associated with several manifestations in the body including the oral cavity. The oral manifestations are of...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic hyperglycemic disorder has been associated with several manifestations in the body including the oral cavity. The oral manifestations are of importance and may significantly contribute to the detection of undiagnosed diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To find out the prevalence of oral diseases in type 1 and type 2 diabetics, to evaluate and compare the periodontal status of diabetics and non-diabetics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a cross sectional study conducted on 110 diabetic subjects of >5 years duration at the M.V. Hospital for Diabetes, Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai. One hundred apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects in the age group of 40-60 years were studied as control. The oral cavity was examined by using a mouth mirror and periodontal status was assessed by utilizing oral hygiene index - simplified (Greene and Vermillion), Miller's mobility index and Ramjford's periodontal disease index.
RESULTS
Subjects with diabetes were found to have significant association with xerostomia ( < 0.003) and chronic periodontitis ( < 0.026). However, no significant association was found forleukoplakia, traumatic ulcer, frictional keratosis, smoker's melanosis, mucocele, aphthous ulcer, fissured tongue, lichen planus, parotid enlargement, parulis, chronic gingivitis, fibroma, and periodontal abscess.
CONCLUSION
The study reaffirmed higher prevalence of xerostomia and periodontal disease among diabetic subjects. However, contrary to previous studies, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of traumatic ulcer, fissured tongue, lichen planus, and parotid enlargement.
PubMed: 36588835
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_37_21 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Dec 2014Within the past decade, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) have evolved from rare curiosities to not uncommon clinical states, with the latest estimates... (Review)
Review
Within the past decade, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) have evolved from rare curiosities to not uncommon clinical states, with the latest estimates suggesting a prevalence of ~1 in 2,600. PAVMs provide anatomic right-to-left shunts, allowing systemic venous blood to bypass gas exchange and pulmonary capillary bed processing. Hypoxemia and enhanced ventilatory demands result, although both are usually asymptomatic. Paradoxical emboli lead to strokes and cerebral abscesses, and these commonly occur in individuals with previously undiagnosed PAVMs. PAVM hemorrhage is rare but is the main cause of maternal death in pregnancy. PAVM occlusion by embolization is the standard of care to reduce these risks. However, recent data demonstrate that currently recommended management protocols can result in levels of radiation exposure that would be classified as harmful. Recent publications also provide a better appreciation of the hematologic and cardiovascular demands required to maintain arterial oxygen content and oxygen consumption in hypoxemic patients, identify patient subgroups at higher risk of complications, and emphasize the proportion of radiologically visible PAVMs too small to treat by embolization. This review, therefore, outlines medical states that exacerbate the consequences of PAVMs. Chief among these is iron deficiency, which is commonly present due to concurrent hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: iron deficiency impairs hypoxemia compensations by restricting erythropoiesis and increases the risk of ischemic strokes. Management of periodontal disease, dental interventions, pulmonary hypertension, and pregnancy also requires specific consideration in the setting of PAVMs. The review concludes by discussing to what extent previously recommended protocols may benefit from modification or revision.
Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Arteriovenous Malformations; Brain Abscess; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Progression; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypoxia; Maternal Death; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Veins; Standard of Care; Stroke
PubMed: 25420112
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1254CI -
HPB Surgery : a World Journal of... 2010A 25-year-old caucasian lady presented to the Accident & Emergency department complaining of acute onset severe epigastric pain radiating through to the back with...
CASE SUMMARY
A 25-year-old caucasian lady presented to the Accident & Emergency department complaining of acute onset severe epigastric pain radiating through to the back with associated nausea and vomiting. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made. Symptoms commenced after the third dose of Metronidazole therapy prescribed for a recurrent periodontal abscess. The patient described a similar episode 10 months previously. On neither occasion were any other medications being taken, there was no history of alcohol abuse and no other gastro-intestinal aetiology could be identified on imaging. Symptoms resolved quickly upon discontinuation of the antibiotic agent. We conclude therefore that Metronidazole can reasonably be identified as the only potential causative agent.
DISCUSSION
The proportion of cases of pancreatitis caused by drugs is estimated to be around 2% in the general population. The exact mechanism of action of Metronidazole induced pancreatitis is unclear but a trigger role for the drug seems likely.
CONCLUSION
This case provides the eighth report of Metronidazole induced pancreatitis. All of the cases were reported in females and ran a benign course. Early diagnosis, discontinuation of the drug and supportive care will lead to a successful recovery in the majority of cases.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pancreatitis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20862338
DOI: 10.1155/2010/523468