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Public Health Sep 2022Contact tracing for COVID-19 relies heavily on the cooperation of individuals with authorities to provide information of contact persons. However, few studies have...
OBJECTIVES
Contact tracing for COVID-19 relies heavily on the cooperation of individuals with authorities to provide information of contact persons. However, few studies have clarified willingness to cooperate and motivation to provide information for contact tracing. This study sought to describe willingness to cooperate and motivation to report contact persons for COVID-19 contact tracing among citizens in Japan, and to assess any associated sociodemographic factors.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This was an online-based survey using quota sampling. Participants were asked about their willingness to cooperate in reporting contacts for COVID-19 contact tracing if they tested positive. Participants also responded to questions regarding their reasons for cooperating or not cooperating and provided sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify associations between sociodemographic factors and willingness to cooperate.
RESULTS
This study included 2844 participants. The proportion of participants who were not willing to cooperate in reporting contacts was 27.6%, with their main reasons being concerns about causing trouble for the other person and being criticised for revealing their names. Willingness to cooperate was lower among men, young adults and those with an educational level less than a university degree.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve the effectiveness of contact tracing, educational campaigns, such as reducing the fear and stigma associated with COVID-19, may be important. Furthermore, it is essential to understand that individuals may have contacts whom they do not wish to disclose to others and to be considerate when handling such situations.
Topics: COVID-19; Contact Tracing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Japan; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 35870319
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.018 -
The Journal of Manual & Manipulative... Aug 2021
What is in a Name? Perhaps your Professional Identity and Practice - A Call to Maintain IFOMPT as the International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists.
Topics: Humans; Names; Orthopedics; Physical Therapists; Social Identification
PubMed: 34378490
DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2021.1955518 -
International Journal For Quality in... Feb 2021To assess the utility and frequency of use of the Nightingale Communication Method, during the early operational phase of the Nightingale Hospital London (NHL) 4000-bed...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the utility and frequency of use of the Nightingale Communication Method, during the early operational phase of the Nightingale Hospital London (NHL) 4000-bed field hospital's intensive care unit.
DESIGN
Survey-based cross-sectional assessment.
SETTING
The intensive care unit at the Nightingale London hospital.
PARTICIPANTS
Staff working in the clinical area and therefore requiring full personal protective equipment (PPE).
INTERVENTION
Survey of all staff members sampled from a single shift at the Nightingale Hospital. This investigated perceived utility and actual use of identification methods (name and role labels on visors and gowns, coloured role identification tapes) and formal hand signals as an adjunctive communication method.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Self-reported frequency of use and perceived utility of each communication and personnel identification adjunct.
RESULTS
Fifty valid responses were received (72% response rate), covering all clinical professional groups. Prominent name/role identifications and coloured role identification tapes were very frequently used and were perceived as being highly useful. Formal hand signals were infrequently used and not perceived as being beneficial, with respondents citing use of individual hand signals only in specific circumstances.
CONCLUSION
PPE is highly depersonalizing, and interpersonal identification aids are very useful. Despite being difficult, verbal communication is not completely prohibited, which could explain the low utility of formal hand signals. The methods developed at the Nightingale hospital have enhanced communication in the critical care, field hospital setting. There is potential for wider application to a variety of healthcare settings, in both the current situation and future pandemic scenarios.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Communication Barriers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Interdisciplinary Communication; London; Male; Nonverbal Communication; Pandemics; Patient Safety; Personal Protective Equipment; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33270866
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa162 -
PloS One 2022Anatomy Nights is an international public engagement event created to bring anatomy and anatomists back to public spaces with the goal of increasing the public's...
Anatomy Nights is an international public engagement event created to bring anatomy and anatomists back to public spaces with the goal of increasing the public's understanding of their own anatomy by comparison with non-human tissues. The event consists of a 30-minute mini-lecture on the anatomy of a specific anatomical organ followed by a dissection of animal tissues to demonstrate the same organ anatomy. Before and after the lecture and dissection, participants complete research surveys designed to assess prior knowledge and knowledge gained as a result of participation in the event, respectively. This study reports the results of Anatomy Nights brain events held at four different venues in the UK and USA in 2018 and 2019. Two general questions were asked of the data: 1) Do participant post-event test scores differ from pre-event scores; and 2) Are there differences in participant scores based on location, educational background, and career. We addressed these questions using a combination of generalized linear models (R's glm function; R version 4.1.0 [R Core Team, 2014]) that assumed a binomial distribution and implemented a logit link function, as well as likelihood estimates to compare models. Survey data from 91 participants indicate that scores improve on post-event tests compared to pre-event tests, and these results hold irrespective of location, educational background, and career. In the pre-event tests, participants performed well on naming structures with an English name (frontal lobe and brainstem), and showed signs of improvement on other anatomical names in the post-test. Despite this improvement in knowledge, we found no evidence that participation in Anatomy Nights improved participants' ability to apply this knowledge to neuroanatomical contexts (e.g., stroke).
Topics: Anatomy; Brain; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Head; Humans; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35679263
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267550 -
Korean Journal of Medical Education Jun 2023This study aimed to clarify the attitudes, behaviors, and learning experiences of first-year medical students participating in a nursing practice training aimed at...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to clarify the attitudes, behaviors, and learning experiences of first-year medical students participating in a nursing practice training aimed at enhancing their professionalism.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted among first-year medical students after their nursing practical training to understand their learning experiences. Descriptive statistics was performed for each questionnaire item. For free-text responses, descriptions were grouped by input data with similar content and meaning, and analyzed qualitatively. Others' evaluation and self-evaluation were analyzed quantitatively.
RESULTS
Most students were actively engaged and fulfilled in the training. The free comments generated these categories: "nursing care," "roles of nurses," "patient impressions," "multidisciplinary cooperation," "communication," and "what is required of physicians. On the first day, all items evaluated had higher mean scores in the others' evaluation than in the self-evaluation. On the second day, for "maintains standards of personal appearance (including uniform, hair, and name tag)," the others' evaluation means were higher than the self-evaluation means. T-tests showed a significant difference in "maintains standards of personal appearance (including uniform, hair, and name tag)" (t=-2.103, degrees of freedom [df]=71.104, p<0.05) and "attends to patients with a polite manner" (t=-2.087, df=74, p<0.05) for both the high and low groups.
CONCLUSION
Greeting, appearance, communication skills, and attitude were found to be the important bases of attitude education in the nursing training ideally involving multidisciplinary professionals. The medical students were able to grasp what is required of doctors and objectively view such position from the viewpoints of nurses and patients.
Topics: Humans; Students, Medical; Professionalism; Attitude; Learning; Nurses; Students, Nursing; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 37291846
DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2023.258 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jul 2023Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose...
BACKGROUND
Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose epidemic. Twitter can provide valuable insight into trends, colloquial information available to potential users, and how networks and interactivity might influence what people are exposed to and how they engage in communication around drug use.
OBJECTIVE
This exploratory study was designed to investigate the ways in which unsupervised machine learning analyses using natural language processing could identify coherent themes for tweets containing substance names.
METHODS
This study involved harnessing data from Twitter, including large-scale collection of brand name (N=262,607) and street name (N=204,068) prescription drug-related tweets and use of unsupervised machine learning analyses (ie, natural language processing) of collected data with data visualization to identify pertinent tweet themes. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with coherence score calculations was performed to compare brand (eg, OxyContin) and street (eg, oxys) name tweets.
RESULTS
We found people discussed drug use differently depending on whether a brand name or street name was used. Brand name categories often contained political talking points (eg, border, crime, and political handling of ongoing drug mitigation strategies). In contrast, categories containing street names occasionally referenced drug misuse, though multiple social uses for a term (eg, Sonata) muddled topic clarity.
CONCLUSIONS
Content in the brand name corpus reflected discussion about the drug itself and less often reflected personal use. However, content in the street name corpus was notably more diverse and resisted simple LDA categorization. We speculate this may reflect effective use of slang terminology to clandestinely discuss drug-related activity. If so, straightforward analyses of digital drug-related communication may be more difficult than previously assumed. This work has the potential to be used for surveillance and detection of harmful drug use information. It also might be used for appropriate education and dissemination of information to persons engaged in drug use content on Twitter.
Topics: Humans; Data Collection; Prescription Drugs; Social Media; Substance-Related Disorders; Unsupervised Machine Learning; Machine Learning; Data Mining; Natural Language Processing
PubMed: 37505795
DOI: 10.2196/48405 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2020Interpersonal motor alignment is a ubiquitous behavior in daily social life. It is a building block for higher social cognition, including empathy and mentalizing and... (Review)
Review
Interpersonal motor alignment is a ubiquitous behavior in daily social life. It is a building block for higher social cognition, including empathy and mentalizing and promotes positive social effects. It can be observed as mimicry, synchrony and automatic imitation, to name a few. These phenomena rely on motor resonance processes, i.e., a direct link between the perception of an action and its execution. While a considerable literature debates its underlying mechanisms and measurement methods, the question of how motor alignment comes about and changes in ontogeny all the way until adulthood, is rarely discussed specifically. In this review we will focus on the link between interpersonal motor alignment, positive social effects and social cognition in infants, children, and adolescents, demonstrating that this link is present early on in development. Yet, in reviewing the existing literature pertaining to social psychology and developmental social cognitive neuroscience, we identify a knowledge gap regarding the healthy developmental changes in interpersonal motor alignment especially in adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cognition; Empathy; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Interpersonal Relations; Social Behavior; Social Cognition
PubMed: 32783968
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.032 -
JAMA Network Open Nov 2023Communication failures in perioperative areas are common and have negative outcomes for both patients and clinicians. Names and roles of teammates are difficult to...
IMPORTANCE
Communication failures in perioperative areas are common and have negative outcomes for both patients and clinicians. Names and roles of teammates are difficult to remember or discern contributing to suboptimal communication, yet the utility of labeled surgical caps with names and roles for enhancing perceived teamwork and connection is not well studied.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the use of labeled surgical caps in name use and role recognition, as well as teamwork and connection, among interprofessional perioperative teammates.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
In this quality improvement study, caps labeled with names and roles were distributed to 967 interprofessional perioperative clinicians, along with preimplementation and 6-month postimplementation surveys. Conducted between July 8, 2021, and June 25, 2022, at a single large, academic, quaternary health care center in the US, the study comprised surgeons, anesthesiologists, trainees, and all interprofessional hospital staff who work in adult general surgery perioperative areas.
INTERVENTION
Labeled surgical caps were offered cost-free, although not mandatory, to each interested clinician.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Quantitative survey of self-reported frequency for name use and role recognition as well as postimplementation sense of teamwork and connection. The surveys also elicited free response comments.
RESULTS
Of the 1483 eligible perioperative clinicians, 967 (65%; 387 physicians and 580 nonphysician staff; 58% female) completed preimplementation surveys and received labeled caps, and 243 of these individuals (51% of physicians and 8% of staff) completed postimplementation surveys. Pre-post results were limited to physicians, due to the low postsurvey staff response rate. The odds of participants reporting that they were often called by their name increased after receiving a labeled cap (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 13.37; 95% CI, 8.18-21.86). On postsurveys, participants reported that caps with names and roles substantially improved teamwork (80%) and connection (79%) with teammates. Participants who reported an increased frequency of being called by their name had higher odds for reporting improved teamwork (AOR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.91-6.26) and connection with teammates (AOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.76-5.84). Free response comments supported the quantitative data that labeled caps facilitated knowing teammates' names and roles and fostered a climate of wellness, teamwork, inclusion, and patient safety.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings of this quality improvement study performed with interprofessional teammates suggest that organizationally sponsored labeled surgical caps was associated with improved teamwork, indicated by increased name use and role recognition in perioperative areas.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Physicians; Communication; Self Report
PubMed: 37976068
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41182 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022The partner-advantage is a type of identity-priority processing that we afford to a person with whom we perform a task together . The partner-advantage has been revealed...
The partner-advantage is a type of identity-priority processing that we afford to a person with whom we perform a task together . The partner-advantage has been revealed by shortened reaction time (RT) and enhanced accuracy when participants learned to match a shape with an associated name. It is distinguished from other long-lasting and robust identity advantages (e.g., self-advantage and friend-advantage) by its instantaneous build-up and quick reduction; however, its characteristics and enabling factors remain unknown. The present study addresses these questions. In Experiment 1, we replicated the partner-advantage in a solo shape-name matching task (i.e., without a social component) in which other identity biases are usually reported. In Experiment 2, an absent partner (who did not appear physically) was sufficient to induce beneficial partner-related processing, with a temporary partner enjoying a benefit similar to that of significant others. In Experiment 3, an identity low in socially affiliated significance (e.g., another participant in the same experiment) did not automatically enjoy a priority bias. Taken together, our results suggest that the bias toward partners, similar to other known identity biases, does not require physical presence to build and maintain a referential advantage. The partner-advantage does not automatically extend to other social affiliations, and a joint task is not a pre-requisite to produce the bias. Our study offers new insights on identity-referential processing and its underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Reaction Time; Friends; Bias; Names
PubMed: 36494379
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25052-1 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2023For over a century, the plain radiograph has been used to measure and predict the development of pediatric hip conditions. Classic measurements, such as the acetabular... (Review)
Review
For over a century, the plain radiograph has been used to measure and predict the development of pediatric hip conditions. Classic measurements, such as the acetabular index, the center-edge angle, and the migration percentage, have stood the test of time and remain the default tools for any pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. However, in contemporary research, the terminology regarding these measurements has become markedly inconsistent. A substantial number of synonyms, acronyms, and similar, but not identical, terms are used to label measurements. This is perhaps unsurprising, considering decades of use and numerous suggested modifications. The results of treatment cannot be reliably compared if the measured parameters are not identical, and scientific analysis of disease requires consistent terminology. In this review, we aim both to provide historical definitions and identification of radiographic landmarks commonly used in three parameters of interest on pediatric AP radiographs and to examine the variability of landmarks and definitions in contemporary research.
Topics: Humans; Child; Names; Pelvis; Acetabulum; Orthopedic Surgeons; Orthopedics
PubMed: 37734040
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00120