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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites... (Review)
Review
species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified. Their bioactivities were tested, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. Since the previous review published in 2014, new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from species and unidentified strains. This review gathered published articles from 2014 to 2021 and focused on 239 new secondary metabolites and their bioactivities. To date, 384 species have been discovered in diverse ecological habitats, with the majority of them unstudied. Some may contain secondary metabolites with unique bioactivities that might benefit pharmacology.
Topics: Pestalotiopsis; Antifungal Agents; Ecosystem
PubMed: 36432188
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228088 -
Persoonia Jul 2022Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , , and on soil, from stem cankers of , from stem of , and from...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , , and on soil, from stem cankers of , from stem of , and from leaves of , as endophyte from roots of , from stem of , from leaves of × and from roots of , from intertidal wood and (incl. gen. nov.) on buds of , from a bark beetle gallery on and (incl. gen. nov.) from wood of , and (incl. gen. nov.) from bore dust of feeding on wood, (incl. gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of and on soil. , on soil and from soil. , from , on soil. , (incl. gen. nov.), and on dead culms of , on and (incl. gen. nov.) on , on dead culm of , on stems of , on dead culm of undetermined , (incl. gen. nov.) on dead leaves of and (incl. gen. nov.) on dead twigs of , from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. , on the base of living and amongst dead leaves of and herbs. , (incl. gen. nov.) on living leaves of sp. and on twigs of , on soil, endophytic in roots of , on soil, from fluvial sediments, from a dead twig of , and in soil. , , and on soil. , , and on soil. , on overwintered stems of , from living leaves of and from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
PubMed: 38234686
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022is a family of flowering plants widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Species of are well-known agents of...
is a family of flowering plants widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Species of are well-known agents of leaf spot diseases, but targeted sampling on is still missing. To determine the diversity of species associated with leaf spot in China, investigations were conducted in the main areas of distribution from 2016 to 2021. Diseased leaf tissues were collected, and fungal isolates were obtained from leaf spots. In the present study, 43 isolates of were studied based on combined morphology and phylogeny. As a result, 10 new species were identified, , , , , , , , , , , and , and six new host records were recognized. is a common fungal genus inhabiting plant tissues as endophytes, pathogens, and saprophytes. is a plant family including many important tree species, such as and spp. In this study, diseased leaves of in China were investigated, and 16 species were identified based on morphology and phylogeny of combined loci of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-α (), and the beta-tubulin () genes. Among these, 10 new species were found, and six new host records were revealed. Our study significantly updates the taxonomy of and enhances our understanding of leaf diseases of hosts.
Topics: Pestalotiopsis; Fagaceae; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Ascomycota; China
PubMed: 36354327
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03272-22 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2023Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( grafted on ) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a...
Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( grafted on ) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
PubMed: 38130321
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8493 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Pestalotiod fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and occur as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. The present study provides an updated...
Pestalotiod fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and occur as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. The present study provides an updated phylogeny for genera Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis, and Seiridium using fresh collections from woody oil plants (Camellia oleifera, Olea europaea, Paeonia suffruticosa, Sapium sebiferum, and Vernicia fordii) in Sichuan Province, China. We coupled morphology and combined sequence data analyses of ITS, tub2, and tef1-α for Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis, with ITS, LSU, tub2, tef1-α, and rpb2 for Seiridium. Three novel species of Neopestalotiopsis (N. mianyangensis, N. paeonia-suffruticosa, N. terricola) and three of Seiridium (S. guangyuanum, S. vernicola, S. oleae), were found. Three other species, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, Seiridium ceratosporum, and S. rosarum were identified and reported as new records. All isolated species are fully described and illustrated. Additionally, the sexual morph of Pestalotiopsis kenyana is described for the first time. Pathogenicity tests revealed that Neopestalotiopsis mianyangensis, N. paeonia-suffruticosa, N. terricola, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, Seiridium guangyuanum, S. vernicola, and S. oleae are pathogenic on detached olive leaves.
PubMed: 36354942
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111175 -
Virology Journal Feb 2021Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a subtropical fruit crop widely grown in southern China. Twig dieback is a disease of Chinese bayberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp....
BACKGROUND
Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a subtropical fruit crop widely grown in southern China. Twig dieback is a disease of Chinese bayberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and results in great economic losses to Chinese bayberry production. A virus survey was conducted in the population of Pestalotiopsis spp. infecting M. rubra in China. We explored the viral diversity in Pestalotiopsis spp., which may provide resources for further development as biocontrol agents of twig dieback.
METHODS
Strains of Pestalotiopsis spp. were isolated from diseased twigs of M. rubra, and cultured on potato dextrose agar for RNA extraction. The total RNA of each strain was extracted, mixed, and used for RNA sequencing. The resulting sequences were deduplicated, annotated, and then used for phylogenetic analysis.
RESULTS
Seven novel viruses were characterized from 59 isolates of M. rubra collected from 14 localities in China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, these viruses were classified into five viral families/orders, Botourmiaviridae, Mitoviridae, Partitiviridae, Tymovirales and Bunyavirales, and one virus, Pestalotiopsis negative-stranded RNA virus 1, which likely belongs to a new viral family.
CONCLUSIONS
Metatranscriptomics analysis showed the presence of various mycoviruses in Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from M. rubra in China. The genomes of eight putative viruses were identified, seven of which were nearly full-length. Some of these viruses of Pestalotiopsis spp. may have the potential for the biological control of twig dieback of M. rubra.
Topics: Biological Control Agents; China; Fruit; Fungal Viruses; Genetic Variation; Myrica; Pestalotiopsis; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33622359
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01513-3 -
Scientific Reports May 2022Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser is an extensively used medicinal shrub in the traditional as well as modern systems of medicines. It is a perennial hemiparasitic plant,...
Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser is an extensively used medicinal shrub in the traditional as well as modern systems of medicines. It is a perennial hemiparasitic plant, which is difficult to propagate artificially because of its low parasitic rate. Successful parasitism of parasitic plants is to fuse their tissues and connect their vasculature to the host vasculature building a physiological bridge, which can efficiently withdraw water, sugars and nutrients from their host plants. It is reported that endophytic fungi play an important role in cell wall degradation and fusion, which is the key forming process of the physiological bridge. Therefore, in this study, the endophytic fungi from T. chinensis of different hosts were isolated, and then the organisms that could degrade the main components of the cell walls were screened out using a medium consisting of guaihuol and cellulose degradation capacity. The results showed that five strains were screened out from 72 endophytic fungi of T. chinensis which with high enzyme activities for lignocellulosic degradation. The laccase and cellulase activities of five strains reached their peaks at day 7, and the highest enzyme activities of these two enzymes were found in strain P6, which was 117.66 and 1.66 U/mL, respectively. Manganese peroxidase of strain 4 and lignin peroxidase of strain N6 also reached their peaks at day 7 and were the highest among the 5 strains, with enzyme activities of 11.61 and 6.64 U/mL, respectively. Strains 4, 15, 31, N6 and P6 were identified as Colletotrichum sp., Nigerrospora sphaerica, Exserohilum sp., Diaporthe phaseolorum and Pestalotiopsis sp., respectively, according to their morphological and molecular biology properties. The endophytic fungi may secrete efficient cell wall degradation enzymes, which promote the dissolution and relaxation of the cell wall between T. chinensis and host, thus contributing to the parasitism of T. chinensis.
Topics: Colletotrichum; Endophytes; Fungi; Laccase; Loranthaceae; Symbiosis
PubMed: 35546173
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11940-z -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2023Following the commodity risk assessments of bonsai plants from China consisting of grafted on performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest...
Following the commodity risk assessments of bonsai plants from China consisting of grafted on performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen has been reported on herbaceous, woody and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf blight, shoot blight, seedling blight, pod canker, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, and gummosis. Moreover, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic hosts. The pathogen is present in Africa, North and South America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. It has been reported from the EU, with a restricted distribution (Portugal). There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of in the EU and worldwide, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys and since the pathogen might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. The pathogen is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. This pest categorisation focuses on those hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Despite the low aggressiveness observed in most reported hosts, and the fact that may colonise plants as an endophyte, its introduction and spread in the EU may have an economic and environmental impact (with a key uncertainty) where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen. The Panel cannot conclude on whether satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest, because of the key uncertainties on the restricted distribution in the EU and the magnitude of the impact.
PubMed: 38116101
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8494 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Jun 2021sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen . To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of sp.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen . To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of sp. strain PG52 was assembled into 335 scaffolds and had a size of 58.01 Mb. A total of 20,023 predicted genes and proteins were annotated. This study compared PG52 with the mycoparasites , , and . This study reveals the entirely different mycoparasitism mechanism of compared to and reveals this mycoparasite's strong ability to produce secondary metabolites.
Topics: Genome, Fungal; Pestalotiopsis; Trichoderma
PubMed: 34349810
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-016 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is an essential ornamental plant that is abundant in Yunnan province. In Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan, China, 61 species of have been reported. Endophytic fungi are...
is an essential ornamental plant that is abundant in Yunnan province. In Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan, China, 61 species of have been reported. Endophytic fungi are internal plant tissue inhabitants that do not harm the host. It has emerged as an exciting research topic as they have the potential to provide numerous secondary metabolites. This study is focused on taxonomic novelties and new host records of endophytic fungi associated with plants collected from Cangshan Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. fungi are associated with a vast array of plant species worldwide. In this study, fresh leaves of , , and were collected from Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. Endophytic fungi associated with were characterized based on phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB genes along with morphological characteristics. Six new species (, , , , , and ) and a new host record () are described. Detailed descriptions and color photo plates of these species are provided. It is the first time that the endophytic fungi of plants in Cangshan Mountain have been studied.
PubMed: 36338052
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016782