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International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFeO)...
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFeO) nanoparticles embedded in polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFeO, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFeO NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFeO NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against (ATCC: 43636™) and (ATCC: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFeO films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFeO films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFeO film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as , and Gram-negative bacteria, such as . These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
Topics: Humans; Polypropylenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38069375
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317052 -
Polymers Nov 2022Producing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homo- and copolymers in a wide composition and property range according to customer demand requires perfect alignment between the... (Review)
Review
Producing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homo- and copolymers in a wide composition and property range according to customer demand requires perfect alignment between the process technology, catalyst system and polymer structure. The present review shows this for the Borstar PP process, a hybrid process employing liquid bulk and gas phase stages, in an exemplary way. It starts with the process design and continues through two generations of Ziegler-Natta catalyst development history to the design of advanced multimodal random and multiphase copolymers. Essential elements of each of the three areas contributing to performance range are highlighted, and an outlook to future development is given.
PubMed: 36365756
DOI: 10.3390/polym14214763 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023Plastic food packaging represents 40 % of the plastic production worldwide and belongs to the 10 most commonly found items in aquatic environments. They are...
Plastic food packaging represents 40 % of the plastic production worldwide and belongs to the 10 most commonly found items in aquatic environments. They are characterized by high additives contents with >4000 formulations available on the market. Thus they can release their constitutive chemicals (i.e. additives) into the surrounding environment, contributing to chemical pollution in aquatic systems and to contamination of marine organism up to the point of questioning the health of the consumer. In this context, the chemical and toxicological profiles of two types of polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) food packaging were investigated, using in vitro bioassays and target gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. Plastic additives quantification was performed both on the raw materials, and on the material leachates after 5 days of lixiviation in filtered natural seawater. The results showed that all samples (raw materials and leachates) contained additive compounds (e.g. phthalates plasticizers, phosphorous flame retardants, antioxidants and UV-stabilizers). Differences in the number and concentration of additives between polymers and suppliers were also pointed out, indicating that the chemical signature cannot be generalized to a polymer and is rather product dependent. Nevertheless, no significant toxic effects was observed upon exposure to the leachates in two short-term bioassays targeting baseline toxicity (Microtox® test) and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fertilization success and embryo-larval development. Overall, this study demonstrates that both petrochemical and bio-based food containers contain harmful additives and that it is not possible to predict material toxicity solely based on chemical analysis. Additionally, it highlights the complexity to assess and comprehend the additive content of plastic packaging due to the variability of their composition, suggesting that more transparency in polymer formulations is required to properly address the risk associated with such materials during their use and end of life.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Food Packaging; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Plastics; Polyesters; Polymers; Biological Assay; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36220465
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159318 -
Surgical Neurology International 2021Duraplasty refers to the neurosurgical process of reconstructing dural defect. Variety of materials is used for such reconstruction, including natural, semisynthetic,...
BACKGROUND
Duraplasty refers to the neurosurgical process of reconstructing dural defect. Variety of materials is used for such reconstruction, including natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic materials. Although synthetic materials are readily available and easy to apply, these are associated with foreign body reaction which may lead to serious consequences in some cases. We describe one such rare instance of extradural abscess after polypropylene synthetic fabric duraplasty.
CASE DESCRIPTION
Our patient is a 33-year-old lady who suffered road traffic accident leading to massive brain laceration, contusion of bilateral frontal lobes, and anterior skull base fractures. Emergency craniotomy was carried out and dural defect repaired with polypropylene (G-Patch; G. Surgiwear Ltd.) synthetic fabric as the duraplasty material. Three months later, the patient presented with discharging wound at the incision site. Neuroimaging showed ring enhancing lesion in frontobasal extradural space with cutaneous extension. The lesion failed to heal despite intravenous antibiotics and surgery was planned. Intraoperatively, abscess was found between G-Patch and dura. Histopathology showed granulomatous foreign body reaction. The lesion healed after synthetic dura removal and abscess drainage.
CONCLUSION
Although various materials are used for duraplasty, there is no clear consensus on what material should be used for dural repair. Synthetic materials are bio-inert, offer good handling and malleability. Polypropylene has been used safely for both single- and double-layered duraplasty. However, foreign body reaction may occur and very rarely present as extradural abscess. Randomized trials should be done to establish the safety and efficacy profile of commonly used duraplasty materials.
PubMed: 34221565
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_310_2021 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Apr 2022The surgical implantation of polypropylene (PP) meshes has been linked to the occurrence of systemic autoimmune disorders. We performed a systematic review to determine... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The surgical implantation of polypropylene (PP) meshes has been linked to the occurrence of systemic autoimmune disorders. We performed a systematic review to determine whether PP implants for inguinal, ventral hernia or pelvic floor surgery are associated with the development of systemic autoimmune syndromes.
METHODS
We searched Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, clinicaltrialsregister.eu, clinicaltrails.gov and WHO-ICTR platform. Last search was performed on November 24th 2021. All types of studies reporting systemic inflammatory/autoimmune response in patients having a PP implant for either pelvic floor surgery, ventral or inguinal hernia repair were included. Animal studies, case reports and articles without full text were excluded. We intended to perform a meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered at Prospero (CRD42020220705).
RESULTS
Of 2137 records identified, 4 were eligible. Two retrospective matched cohort studies focused on mesh surgery for vaginal prolapse or inguinal hernia compared to hysterectomy and colonoscopy, respectively. One cohort study compared the incidence of systemic conditions in women having urinary incontinence surgery with and without mesh. These reports had a low risk of bias. A meta-analysis showed no association when comparing systemic disease between mesh and control groups. Calculated risk ratio was 0.9 (95% CI 0.82-0.98). The fourth study was a case series with a high risk of bias, with a sample of 714 patients with systemic disease, 40 of whom had PP mesh implanted.
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence to suggest a causal relationship between being implanted with a PP mesh and the occurrence of autoimmune disorders.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Hernia, Inguinal; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Polypropylenes; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Mesh; Syndrome
PubMed: 35020091
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02553-y -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022A comparison of the effect of steel and polypropylene fibers on the strength, frost resistance, abrasion, and corrosion resistance in an acidic environment of...
A comparison of the effect of steel and polypropylene fibers on the strength, frost resistance, abrasion, and corrosion resistance in an acidic environment of fiber-reinforced concrete for industrial floors and road pavements was carried out. Steel fibers with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 1 mm and polypropylene fibers with a length of 36 mm and a diameter of 0.68 mm were used. The amount of steel fiber varied from 15 to 25 kg/m, and the amount of polypropylene fiber varied from 2 to 3 kg/m. It has been established that steel fiber more significantly increases the concrete compressive strength, and both types of dispersed reinforcement increase the flexural strength equally by 27-34%. Also, dispersed reinforcement reduces the concrete abrasion resistance by 15-35% and increases its frost resistance by 50 cycles, which helps to improve the durability of industrial floors and road pavements. The use of steel fiber in an amount of 20 kg/m and polypropylene fiber in an amount of 2.5 kg/m also increases the concrete corrosion resistance in an acidic environment. In general, dispersed reinforcement with both fiber types has approximately the same technological effect concerning the mentioned applications. However, the use of polypropylene fibers is economically more profitable since an increase in the cost of 1 m of concrete with steel fiber reinforcement is from $22.5 to $37.5, and an increase in cost with polypropylene fiber is from $10 to $15.
PubMed: 36499833
DOI: 10.3390/ma15238339 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Globally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body's exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased...
Globally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body's exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased plastic use. Microplastics can be detected in the atmosphere, leading to potential human health risks through inhalation; however, the toxic effects of microplastic inhalation are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR mice strains. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 5 mg/kg of PS, PP, or PVC daily for two weeks. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL/6 and ICR mice. Histopathological analysis of PS-instilled C57BL/6 and PP-instilled ICR mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration. PS increased the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components in the lung tissue of C57BL/6 and ICR mice, while PS-instilled BALB/c mice remained unchanged. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, in BALF of C57BL/6 mice. PP-instilled ICR mice showed increased NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the lung tissue compared to the control groups and increased IL-1β levels in BALF. These results could provide baseline data for understanding the pulmonary toxicity of microplastic inhalation.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Microplastics; Polyvinyl Chloride; Polystyrenes; Plastics; Polypropylenes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 36432032
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227926 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Sep 2021In this study, we evaluate the value of novel suture material based on monofilamentous-extruded polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) compared to polypropylene (PPL) and Fiberwire...
BACKGROUND
In this study, we evaluate the value of novel suture material based on monofilamentous-extruded polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) compared to polypropylene (PPL) and Fiberwire (FW).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
60 flexor tendons were harvested from fresh cadaveric upper extremities. 4-0 sutures strands were used in the PPL, FW and PTFE group. Knotting properties and mechanical characteristics of the suture materials were evaluated. A 4-strand locked cruciate (Adelaide) or a 6-strand (M-Tang) suture technique was applied as core sutures for a tendon repair. Two-way ANOVA tests were performed with the Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
Stable knotting was achieved with 5 throws with the PPL material, 7 throws for FW and 9 throws for PTFE. In the PPL group, linear tensile strength was 45.92 ± 12.53 N, in the FW group 80.11 ± 18.34 N and in the PTFE group 76.16 ± 29.10 N. FW and PTFE are significantly stronger than PPL but show no significant difference among each other. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup comparisons for different repair techniques. The Adelaide and the M-Tang knotting technique showed no significant difference.
CONCLUSION
Fiberwire showed superior handling and knotting properties in comparison to PTFE. However, PTFE allows easier approximation of the stumps. In both, M-Tang and Adelaide repairs, PTFE was equal to FW in terms of repair strength. Both PTFE and FW provide for a robust tendon repair so that early active motion regimens for rehabilitation can be applied.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Cadaver; Humans; Materials Testing; Polypropylenes; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Sutures; Tendons
PubMed: 33876291
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03899-9 -
International Urogynecology Journal Apr 2022To assess the long-term satisfaction, cure rate and safety of a new titanium-covered transobturator tape compared to polypropylene tape for the treatment of stress...
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
To assess the long-term satisfaction, cure rate and safety of a new titanium-covered transobturator tape compared to polypropylene tape for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
METHODS
A prospective study was conducted with 151 patients. Seventy patients underwent transobturator sling surgery with titanium tape from 2011 to 2019, and a historical control group (CG) of 81 patients was treated with a noncoated tape and underwent incontinence surgery from 1999 to 2009. We compared patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the incontinence outcome questionnaire (IOQ).
RESULTS
The median follow-up was 2½ years in both groups. Based on responses to the IOQ, a statistically significantly shorter time of recovery (IOQ 15: 21.3 ± 26.4 [TG], 40.2 ± 38.5 [CG], p = 0.02), improvement of sex life (IOQ 13: 34.1 ± 29.4 [TG] vs. 65.3 ± 35.6 [CG], p = 0.01) and less voiding dysfunction (IOQ 19: 30.9 ± 28.1 [CG], 9.3 ± 18.6 [TG], p = 0.01) were observed in the TG. Objectively, no postoperative urinary retention was observed in the TG, but four cases were described in the CG. Ten patients needed a reoperation for SUI in the CG compared to three in the TG (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
The titanium-covered transobturator sling had superior recovery time, improved sexual function and reduced reoperation rate compared to a historical polypropylene group.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Polypropylenes; Prospective Studies; Suburethral Slings; Titanium; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Incontinence; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Urologic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 34599671
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04976-8 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2023The mesh fixation in the Lichtenstein's hernioplasty was traditionally performed with polypropylene sutures. A modification of this technique uses skin staples for...
The comparative study of skin staples and polypropylene sutures for securing the mesh in Lichtenstein's tension-free inguinal hernia repair in HIV and hepatitis (B and C)-positive patients: a randomized controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
The mesh fixation in the Lichtenstein's hernioplasty was traditionally performed with polypropylene sutures. A modification of this technique uses skin staples for securing the mesh. Using polypropylene sutures may increase the needle prick injuries (NPIs) in HIV and hepatitis-positive patients. This is the first study in India to compare the efficacy of anchoring the mesh with skin staplers and polypropylene sutures in hepatitis and HIV-positive patients.
METHODS
Fifty-two seropositive patients undergoing sixty repairs were randomized into two groups. In the control group polypropylene mesh was secured with polypropylene sutures and the skin was closed with ethilon. In the study group polypropylene mesh was secured with skin staples and the skin was closed with staples from the same stapler. Duration of surgery, postoperative complications, NPIs, recurrences and costs were compared.
RESULTS
The operation was significantly shorter when staples were used (median 46 vs. 57 min, <0.00001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications. The NPIs was statistically significant in the suture group as compared to the stapler group (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Using skin staples to secure the mesh in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty significantly reduced the duration of surgery. It was as effective as conventional mesh fixation with polypropylene with added advantages to reduce the operating time, duration of exposure to infected blood, and the NPIs significantly in HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-positive patients.
PubMed: 37663727
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001119