-
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Mar 2022Apoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological... (Review)
Review
Apoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Based on its characteristic biochemical changes, a great number of apoptosis probes for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. Radionuclide imaging with these tracers were potential for the repetitive and selective detection of apoptotic cell death in vivo, without the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, we overviewed molecular mechanism and specific biochemical changes in apoptotic cells and summarized the existing tracers that have been used in clinical trials as well as their potentialities and limitations. Particularly, we highlighted the clinic applications of apoptosis imaging as diagnostic markers, early-response indicators, and prognostic predictors in multiple disease fields.
Topics: Apoptosis; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 34873639
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05641-4 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), arising from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Despite the well-known utilization of... (Review)
Review
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), arising from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Despite the well-known utilization of radioiodine treatment in DTC, i.e., iodine-131, radioiodine imaging in DTC is typically performed with iodine-123 and iodine-131, with the current hybrid scanner performing single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides superior visualization and quantification of functions at the molecular level; thus, lesion assessment can be improved compared to that of SPECT/CT. Various types of cancer, including radioiodine-refractory DTC, can be detected by 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG), the most well-known and widely used PET radiopharmaceutical. Several other PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed, although some are limited in availability despite their potential clinical utilizations. This article aims to summarize PET radiopharmaceuticals in DTC, focusing on molecular pathways and applications.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 35956886
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154936 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia Aug 2019Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an... (Review)
Review
Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced radionuclide technique that has been available for decades. Originally used as a research tool that contributed to advances in the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, it is now becoming established in clinical practice and is increasingly used in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease. PET myocardial perfusion imaging has a mean sensitivity and specificity of around 90% for the detection of angiographically significant coronary artery disease, and is also highly accurate for assessing the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease. Depending on the radiotracer used, it can provide information not only on myocardial perfusion but also on myocardial metabolism, which is essential for viability assessment. The potential of this imaging technique has been further increased with the introduction of hybrid scanners, which combine PET with computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, offering integrated morphological and functional information and hence comprehensive assessment of the effects of atherosclerosis on the myocardium. The scope of this review is to summarize the role of PET in ischemic heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31694787
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.02.011 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Giant Cell Arteritis; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 36762378
DOI: No ID Found -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Sep 2022Paraneoplastic dermatoses (PD) are defined as nonspecific skin disorders which are associated with internal neoplasms, but without direct association to primary tumors... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic dermatoses (PD) are defined as nonspecific skin disorders which are associated with internal neoplasms, but without direct association to primary tumors or metastases. Recognition of PD and the following surveillance may lead to the diagnosis of internal malignant neoplasms including early stage ones. Accurate imaging examinations in the following searching is essential in identifying the underlying neoplasms. Since whole-body 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18-FDG)-positron emission (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in early diagnosis, staging of various malignant tumors, it may play a role for detection of underlying or occult malignant neoplasms in patients with PD. However, to date, only a few reports of FDG PET/CT findings of the associated neoplasms in PD patients have been cited in the literature. The present paper shows the cases of FDG-avid associated neoplasms in patients with PD in our 10-year experience in our institute, and reviews the well-known and/or relatively common PD and their associated neoplasms, and the previously reported cases of FDG-avid associated neoplasms in these patients.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Skin Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35713794
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01286-x -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2023Image reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed over many decades, with advances coming from improved modelling of the data statistics and... (Review)
Review
Image reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed over many decades, with advances coming from improved modelling of the data statistics and improved modelling of the imaging physics. However, high noise and limited spatial resolution have remained issues in PET imaging, and state-of-the-art PET reconstruction has started to exploit other medical imaging modalities (such as MRI) to assist in noise reduction and enhancement of PET's spatial resolution. Nonetheless, there is an ongoing drive towards not only improving image quality, but also reducing the injected radiation dose and reducing scanning times. While the arrival of new PET scanners (such as total body PET) is helping, there is always a need to improve reconstructed image quality due to the time and count limited imaging conditions. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are now at the frontier of research for PET image reconstruction. While AI can learn the imaging physics as well as the noise in the data (when given sufficient examples), one of the most common uses of AI arises from exploiting databases of high-quality reference examples, to provide advanced noise compensation and resolution recovery. There are three main AI reconstruction approaches: (i) direct data-driven AI methods which rely on supervised learning from reference data, (ii) iterative (unrolled) methods which combine our physics and statistical models with AI learning from data, and (iii) methods which exploit AI with our known models, but crucially can offer benefits even in the absence of any example training data whatsoever. This article reviews these methods, considering opportunities and challenges of AI for PET reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Phantoms, Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Algorithms
PubMed: 37486607
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230292 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35362695
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03430-0 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 20202-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint... (Review)
Review
2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors both in clinical trials and, in selected patients, at the single patient's level. The present review aims to discuss available evidence related to the use of [F]FDG PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to evaluate the response to target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Criteria proposed for the standardization of the definition of the PET-based response and complementary value with respect to morphological imaging are commented on. The use of PET-based assessment of the response through metabolic pathways other than glucose metabolism is also relevant in the framework of personalized cancer treatment. A brief discussion of the preliminary evidence for the use of non-FDG PET tracers in the evaluation of the response to new therapies is also provided.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiology, Interventional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32722205
DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080373 -
Nanotheranostics 2022Novel targeted therapies are rapidly emerging for the treatment of cancer. With the advent of new immune targeting agents, understanding the changes in the tumor... (Review)
Review
Novel targeted therapies are rapidly emerging for the treatment of cancer. With the advent of new immune targeting agents, understanding the changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical. Given the complexity and several cellular mechanisms and factors that play a role in the TME, novel imaging methods to assess and evaluate the dynamic changes in the TME during treatment are needed. Several techniques are being developed for imaging TME including optical, fluorescence and photoacoustic methods. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to track the dynamics of different molecular targets in the TME in live animals and in humans. Several novel PET imaging probes including radiolabeled antibodies, antibody fragments, and small molecules have been developed with many more that are under development preclinically and in early human studies. This review is a brief overview of some of the PET agents that are either in the preclinical developmental phase or undergoing early clinical studies.
Topics: Animals; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35223381
DOI: 10.7150/ntno.66556 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The skeletal muscles account for approximately 40% of the body weight and are crucial in movement, nutrient absorption, and energy metabolism. Muscle loss and decline in... (Review)
Review
The skeletal muscles account for approximately 40% of the body weight and are crucial in movement, nutrient absorption, and energy metabolism. Muscle loss and decline in function cause a decrease in the quality of life of patients and the elderly, leading to complications that require early diagnosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) offers non-invasive, high-resolution visualization of tissues. It has emerged as a promising alternative to invasive diagnostic methods and is attracting attention as a tool for assessing muscle function and imaging muscle diseases. Effective imaging of muscle function and pathology relies on appropriate radiopharmaceuticals that target key aspects of muscle metabolism, such as glucose uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and the oxidation of fat and carbohydrates. In this review, we describe how [F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG), [F]fluorocholine ([F]FCH), [C]acetate, and [O]water ([O]HO) are suitable radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging of skeletal muscles.
Topics: Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Animals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 38732077
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094860