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Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Oct 2019In order to avoid misdiagnoses, medical imagers should be familiar with the normal patterns and distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity within the head and... (Review)
Review
In order to avoid misdiagnoses, medical imagers should be familiar with the normal patterns and distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity within the head and neck, as well as the pathophysiology and imaging-findings of common diagnostic pitfalls related to incidental FDG-avid lesions. The purpose of this article is to provide an image-rich review of the normal patterns of FDG uptake in the head and neck, help differentiate benign from malignant incidentally found FDG-avid foci, and detail important "don't miss" hypometabolic head and neck lesions on positron emission tomography/computed tomography and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Diagnostic Errors; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neck; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31635764
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.07.001 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2023With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function.... (Review)
Review
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [ O]H O and [ F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P X receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Mental Disorders; Receptors, Dopamine; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
PubMed: 35536762
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615 -
Biomolecules Oct 2022The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material... (Review)
Review
The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material (organic or inorganic) and their unique physical and chemical characteristics, they are highly versatile for their use in several medical applications. In particular, they have shown interesting results as radiolabelled probes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The high variability of NP types and the possibility to use several isotopes in the radiolabelling process implies different radiolabelling methods that have been applied over the previous years. In this review, we compare and summarize the different methods for NP radiolabelling with the most frequently used PET isotopes.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36291726
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101517 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging May 2022
Topics: Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35512959
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.01.018 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Dec 2021Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated in neurodegenerative and other disorders. The mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the...
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated in neurodegenerative and other disorders. The mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the inner membrane is the electron entry point of the ETC and is essential for the production of reactive oxygen species. Based on a recently identified β-keto-amide type MC-I modulator from our laboratory, an F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, , was prepared. PET/CT imaging studies demonstrated that exhibited rapid brain uptake without significant wash out during the 60 min scanning time. In addition, the binding of was higher in the regions of the brain stem, cerebellum, and midbrain. The uptake of can be significantly blocked by its parent compound. Collectively, the results strongly suggest successful development of MC-I PET tracers from this chemical scaffold that can be used in future mitochondrial dysfunction studies of the central nervous system.
Topics: Brain; Electron Transport Complex I; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 34812607
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00297 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Mar 2022
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Biology; Fibrin; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Thrombosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34656476
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.09.003 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Amyloidosis; Heart Failure; Fibroblasts; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 36357139
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.08.019 -
Current Opinion in Oncology Nov 2022Nuclear medicine has the potential to explore and illuminate several pathways in breast cancer (BC) offering different radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Nuclear medicine has the potential to explore and illuminate several pathways in breast cancer (BC) offering different radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) designed to target specific tumor characteristics. The aim of this critical review is to give an overview about emerging opportunities in PET imaging, underlining the future potential contribution in the management of BC patients.
RECENT FINDINGS
Beside 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]-fluoro- d -glucose (FDG), new generation tracers for PET imaging have been recently proposed to investigate specific characteristics in breast cancer, both targeting tumor cells and the tumor micro-environment (TME).
SUMMARY
FDG-PET is a procedure that received extensive clinical validation. However, its role in BC is still suboptimal due to the low-FDG avidity of specific tumor subtypes. Human epidermal growth receptor-2 and integrin targeted PET radiotracers might provide useful information selecting patients more likely to respond to target therapy. FluoroEstradiol (FES) is a FDA-approved PET radiotracer targeting the estrogen receptor (ER), useful to investigate metastatic ER+ patients, to assess in vivo ER heterogeneity and to evaluate hormonal therapy efficacy. Inhibitors of the fibroblast activation protein (FAPi) targeting the cancer-associated fibroblast can explore the TME with PET imaging. FAPi is also proposed a theranostic agent for radio-ligand therapy.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Humans; Integrins; Ligands; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Estrogen; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36093891
DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000908 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Jul 2022
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Lighting; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 35798406
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.04.022 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Aug 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional analysis of FDG distributions on various lesions in vivo, which can be applied for tissue characterization, risk analysis, and treatment monitoring after chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. Metabolic changes can be assessed using the tumor absolute FDG uptake as standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). In addition, tumor heterogeneity assessment can potentially estimate tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Attempts have been made to quantify intratumoral heterogeneity using radiomics. Recent reports have indicated the clinical feasibility of a dynamic FDG PET-computed tomography (CT) in pilot cohort studies of oncological cases. Dynamic imaging permits the assessment of temporal changes in FDG uptake after administration, which is particularly useful for differentiating pathological from physiological uptakes with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, several new parameters have been introduced for the in vivo quantitative analysis of FDG metabolic processes. Thus, a four-dimensional FDG PET-CT is available for precise tissue characterization of various lesions. This review introduces various new techniques for the quantitative analysis of FDG distribution and glucose metabolism using a four-dimensional FDG analysis with PET-CT. This elegant study reveals the important role of tissue characterization and treatment strategies in oncology.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Pilot Projects; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 36947283
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01411-4