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Japanese Journal of Radiology Aug 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional analysis of FDG distributions on various lesions in vivo, which can be applied for tissue characterization, risk analysis, and treatment monitoring after chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. Metabolic changes can be assessed using the tumor absolute FDG uptake as standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). In addition, tumor heterogeneity assessment can potentially estimate tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Attempts have been made to quantify intratumoral heterogeneity using radiomics. Recent reports have indicated the clinical feasibility of a dynamic FDG PET-computed tomography (CT) in pilot cohort studies of oncological cases. Dynamic imaging permits the assessment of temporal changes in FDG uptake after administration, which is particularly useful for differentiating pathological from physiological uptakes with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, several new parameters have been introduced for the in vivo quantitative analysis of FDG metabolic processes. Thus, a four-dimensional FDG PET-CT is available for precise tissue characterization of various lesions. This review introduces various new techniques for the quantitative analysis of FDG distribution and glucose metabolism using a four-dimensional FDG analysis with PET-CT. This elegant study reveals the important role of tissue characterization and treatment strategies in oncology.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Pilot Projects; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 36947283
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01411-4 -
The British Journal of Radiology Apr 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative molecular imaging modality increasingly used to study pulmonary disease processes and drug effects on those... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative molecular imaging modality increasingly used to study pulmonary disease processes and drug effects on those processes. The wide range of drugs and other entities that can be radiolabeled to study molecularly targeted processes is a major strength of PET, thus providing a noninvasive approach for obtaining molecular phenotyping information. The use of PET to monitor disease progression and treatment outcomes in DLD has been limited in clinical practice, with most of such applications occurring in the context of research investigations under clinical trials. Given the high costs and failure rates for lung drug development efforts, molecular imaging lung biomarkers are needed not only to aid these efforts but also to improve clinical characterization of these diseases beyond canonical anatomic classifications based on computed tomography. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of PET applications in characterizing lung disease, focusing on novel tracers that are in clinical development for DLD molecular phenotyping, and briefly address considerations for accurately quantifying lung PET signals.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34752146
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210824 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2020Neuroinflammation is a key pathologic hallmark of numerous neurologic diseases, however, its exact role in vivo is yet to be fully understood. PET imaging enables... (Review)
Review
Neuroinflammation is a key pathologic hallmark of numerous neurologic diseases, however, its exact role in vivo is yet to be fully understood. PET imaging enables investigation, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects longitudinally. One such biomarker that has been imaged extensively using PET is translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Although imaging TSPO has yielded valuable clinical data linking neuroinflammation to various neurodegenerative diseases, considerable limitations of TSPO PET have prompted identification of other more cell-specific and functionally relevant biomarkers. This review analyzes the clinical potential of available and emerging PET biomarkers of innate and adaptive immune responses, with mention of exciting future directions for the field.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Humans; Inflammation; Nervous System; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32620705
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229443 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Cancer stem cells are known to play a key role in tumour development, proliferation, and metastases. Their unique properties confer resistance to therapy, often leading... (Review)
Review
Cancer stem cells are known to play a key role in tumour development, proliferation, and metastases. Their unique properties confer resistance to therapy, often leading to treatment failure. It is believed that research into the identification, targeting, and eradication of these cells can revolutionise oncological treatment. Based on the principle that what cannot be seen, cannot be targeted, a primary step in cancer management is the identification of these cells. The current review aims to encompass the state-of-the-art functional imaging techniques that enable the identification of cancer stem cells via various pathways and mechanisms. The paper presents in vivo molecular techniques that are currently available or await clinical implementation. Challenges and future prospects are highlighted to open new research avenues in cancer stem cell imaging.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Molecular Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 36675033
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021524 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Oct 2021Microcalcifications cannot be identified with the present resolution of CT; however, F-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Microcalcifications cannot be identified with the present resolution of CT; however, F-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been proposed for non-invasive identification of microcalcification. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether F-NaF activity can assess the presence and predict the progression of CT detectable vascular calcification.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The data of two longitudinal studies in which patients received a F-NaF PET-CT at baseline and after 6 months or 1-year follow-up were used. The target to background ratio (TBR) was measured on PET at baseline and CT calcification was quantified in the femoral arteries at baseline and follow-up. 128 patients were included. A higher TBR at baseline was associated with higher calcification mass at baseline and calcification progression (β = 1.006 [1.005-1.007] and β = 1.002 [1.002-1.003] in the studies with 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively). In areas without calcification at baseline and where calcification developed at follow-up, the TBR was .11-.13 (P < .001) higher compared to areas where no calcification developed.
CONCLUSION
The activity of F-NaF is related to the amount of calcification and calcification progression. In areas where calcification formation occurred, the TBR was slightly but significantly higher.
Topics: Aged; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Vascular Calcification; Veins
PubMed: 31975332
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02031-5 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Jan 2023COVID-19 was first reported in Egypt on 14 February 2020 and continues to be a major threat to public health.
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 was first reported in Egypt on 14 February 2020 and continues to be a major threat to public health.
AIMS
We studied the incidence of incidental positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) signs of COVID-19 in asymptomatic cancer patients and compared this with the number of reported COVID-19 cases during the same period.
METHODS
We included all cancer patients who underwent PET/CT at Misr Radiology Center, Cairo, between 2 May and 7 August 2020.
RESULTS
There were 479 patients who underwent PET/CT primarily for follow-up, and 66 (13.78%) of them showed radiological signs of COVID-19, with the peak incidence in weeks 7-8 of the study. This coincided and strongly correlated with the peak incidence of COVID-19 in Egypt (Pearson's correlation coefficient test = 0.943).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of incidental PET/CT signs of COVID-19 was in accordance with the officially reported incidence of COVID-19 in Egypt between 2 May and 7 August 2020. These results could be helpful for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Incidence; Egypt; Pandemics; COVID-19; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36710615
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.006 -
Journal of the American Heart... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Acetazolamide; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Hemodynamics
PubMed: 38084748
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032657 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Nov 2023F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has become a key tool to evaluate infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, application of F-FDG-PET/CT in patients in the intensive care unit... (Review)
Review
F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has become a key tool to evaluate infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, application of F-FDG-PET/CT in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is limited, which is remarkable since the development of critical illness is closely linked to infection and inflammation. This limited use is caused by perceived complexity and risk of planning and executing F-FDG-PET/CT in such patients. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the feasibility of F-FDG-PET/CT in ICU patients with special emphasis on patient preparation, transport logistics and safety. Therefore, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using the search terms: intensive care, critically ill, positron emission tomography and F-FDG or derivates. A total of 1183 articles were found of which 10 were included. Three studies evaluated the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury and acute chest syndrome. Three other studies applied F-FDG-PET/CT to increase understanding of pathophysiology after traumatic brain injury. The remaining four studies evaluated infection of unknown origin. These four studies showed a sensitivity and specificity between 85%-100% and 57%-88%, respectively. A remarkable low adverse event rate of 2% was found during the entire F-FDG-PET/CT procedure, including desaturation and hypotension. In all studies, a team consisting of an intensive care physician and nurse was present during transport to ensure continuation of necessary critical care. Full monitoring during transport was used in patients requiring mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support. None of the studies used specific patient preparation for ICU patients. However, one article described specific recommendations in their discussion. In conclusion, F-FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be feasible and safe in ICU patients, even when ventilated or requiring vasopressors. Specific recommendations regarding patient preparation, logistics and scanning are needed. Including F-FDG-PET/CT in routine workup of infection of unknown origin in ICU patients showed potential to identify source of infection and might improve outcome.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Critical Care; Intensive Care Units; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37258380
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.05.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Arteriosclerosis and its sequelae are the most common cause of death in diabetic patients and one of the reasons why diabetes has entered the top 10 causes of death... (Review)
Review
Arteriosclerosis and its sequelae are the most common cause of death in diabetic patients and one of the reasons why diabetes has entered the top 10 causes of death worldwide, fatalities having doubled since 2000. The literature in the field claims almost unanimously that arteriosclerosis is more frequent or develops more rapidly in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects, and that the disease is caused by arterial inflammation, the control of which should therefore be the goal of therapeutic efforts. These views are mostly based on indirect methodologies, including studies of artery wall thickness or stiffness, or on conventional CT-based imaging used to demonstrate tissue changes occurring late in the disease process. In contrast, imaging with positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) applying the tracers F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or F-sodium fluoride (NaF) mirrors arterial wall inflammation and microcalcification, respectively, early in the course of the disease, potentially enabling in vivo insight into molecular processes. The present review provides an overview of the literature from the more than 20 and 10 years, respectively, that these two tracers have been used for the study of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on what new information they have provided in relation to diabetes and which questions remain insufficiently elucidated.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 36142181
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810268 -
Chemotherapy 2024Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most important evolution of imaging in the management and assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
SUMMARY
According to Lugano response criteria, FDG-PET is mandatory to define metabolic response to frontline therapy and moreover it is important in the definition of nonresponders or refractory disease patients. Refractory disease is reported in about 15% of patients, with some variations based on the choice of first-line chemotherapy, and particularly in advanced stages, up to 40% eventually relapse within 3 years.
KEY MESSAGES
The aim of this review was to highlight a practical way to use FDG-PET in the subset of HL, with some notes of its use in first-line patients, and particularly centered on relapsed or refractory setting with a final focus of the evaluation of response by FDG-PET in the new treatment era of immunocheckpoint inhibitors.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37708879
DOI: 10.1159/000533766