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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Tumorigenesis is a multistep process marked by variations in numerous metabolic pathways that affect cellular architectures and functions. Cancer cells reprogram their...
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process marked by variations in numerous metabolic pathways that affect cellular architectures and functions. Cancer cells reprogram their energy metabolism to enable several basic molecular functions, including membrane biosynthesis, receptor regulations, bioenergetics, and redox stress. In recent years, cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies have targeted these specific metabolic changes and the tumor's interactions with its microenvironment. Positron emission tomography (PET) captures all molecular alterations leading to abnormal function and cancer progression. As a result, the development of PET radiotracers increasingly focuses on irregular biological pathways or cells that overexpress receptors that have the potential to function as biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment measurements as well as research. This chapter reviews both established and evolving PET radiotracers used to image tumor biology. We have also included a few advantages and disadvantages of the routinely used PET radiotracers in cancer imaging.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35044651
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_4 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays a vital role in diagnosing tumors. However, PET/CT imaging relies primarily on manual interpretation and...
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays a vital role in diagnosing tumors. However, PET/CT imaging relies primarily on manual interpretation and labeling by medical professionals. An enormous workload will affect the training samples' construction for deep learning. The labeling of tumor lesions in PET/CT images involves the intersection of computer graphics and medicine, such as registration, a fusion of medical images, and labeling of lesions. This paper extends the linear interpolation, enhances it in a specific area of the PET image, and uses the outer frame scaling of the PET/CT image and the least-squares residual affine method. The PET and CT images are subjected to wavelet transformation and then synthesized in proportion to form a PET/CT fusion image. According to the absorption of 18F-FDG (fluoro deoxy glucose) SUV in the PET image, the professionals randomly select a point in the focus area in the fusion image, and the system will automatically select the seed point of the focus area to delineate the tumor focus with the regional growth method. Finally, the focus delineated on the PET and CT fusion images is automatically mapped to CT images in the form of polygons, and rectangular segmentation and labeling are formed. This study took the actual PET/CT of patients with lymphatic cancer as an example. The semiautomatic labeling of the system and the manual labeling of imaging specialists were compared and verified. The recognition rate was 93.35%, and the misjudgment rate was 6.52%.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35890851
DOI: 10.3390/s22145171 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2023
Topics: Precision Medicine; Electrons; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 36710155
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.01.006 -
Journal of Vascular and Interventional... Aug 2023This study assessed the feasibility and functionality of the use of a high-speed image fusion technology to generate and display positron emission tomography...
This study assessed the feasibility and functionality of the use of a high-speed image fusion technology to generate and display positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic images during PET/CT-guided tumor ablation procedures. Thirteen patients underwent 14 PET/CT-guided ablations for the treatment of 20 tumors. A Food and Drug Administration-cleared multimodal image fusion platform received images pushed from a scanner, followed by near-real-time, nonrigid image registration. The most recent intraprocedural PET dataset was fused to each single-rotation CT fluoroscopy dataset as it arrived, and the fused images were displayed on an in-room monitor. PET/CT fluoroscopic images were generated and displayed in all procedures and enabled more confident targeting in 3 procedures. The mean lag time from CT fluoroscopic image acquisition to the in-room display of the fused PET/CT fluoroscopic image was 21 seconds ± 8. The registration accuracy was visually satisfactory in 13 of 14 procedures. In conclusion, PET/CT fluoroscopy was feasible and may have the potential to facilitate PET/CT-guided procedures.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Neoplasms; Fluoroscopy; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37142215
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.04.020 -
PET Clinics Jul 2022MRI is the first-choice imaging technique for brain tumors. Positron emission tomography can be combined together with multiparametric MRI to increase diagnostic... (Review)
Review
MRI is the first-choice imaging technique for brain tumors. Positron emission tomography can be combined together with multiparametric MRI to increase diagnostic confidence. Radiolabeled amino acids have gained wide clinical acceptance. The reported pooled specificity of [F]FDG positron emission tomography is high and [F]FDG might still be the first-choice positron emission tomography tracer in cases of World Health Organization grade 3 to 4 gliomas or [F]FDG-avid tumors, avoiding the use of more expensive and less available radiolabeled amino acids. The present review discusses the additional value of positron emission tomography with a focus on [F]FDG and radiolabeled amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain Neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glioma; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35717096
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.03.004 -
Annals of Hematology Dec 2023In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a positive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan predicts treatment failure, but the proportion of high-risk patients...
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a positive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan predicts treatment failure, but the proportion of high-risk patients thus identified is small. To improve prediction, we combined the interim PET result with the presence or absence of an associated IgM gammopathy. Of 108 DLBCL patients participating in a prospective trial, nine (8%) were interim PET positive and 19 (18%) had an IgM gammopathy. The monoclonal protein was not associated with distinguishing genetic features, and its light chain restriction was not always concordant with the light chain restriction of the lymphoma. The information provided by interim PET and IgM gammopathy was combined to dichotomize the population into sizeable high-risk (1-2 adverse factors) and low-risk groups (no adverse factor) with widely different outcomes (population size, 25% vs. 75%; 3-year risk of progression, 51% vs. 10%; 3-year overall survival, 64% vs. 95%). Multivariable analyses including established risk factors revealed the interim PET result and the IgM gammopathy status to be the only factors significantly associated with outcome. Information about interim PET response and IgM gammopathy may be useful in studies testing risk-adapted treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Prognosis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Paraproteinemias; Immunoglobulin M; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37566280
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05393-1 -
Journal of the American College of... Feb 2020
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Biomarkers; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32000950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.038 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023The use of radiolabeled glucose for PET imaging resulted in the most commonly used tracer in the clinic, 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoroglucose (FDG). More recently, other...
The use of radiolabeled glucose for PET imaging resulted in the most commonly used tracer in the clinic, 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoroglucose (FDG). More recently, other radiolabeled sugars have been reported for various applications, including imaging tumors and infections. Therefore, in this study, we developed a series of fluorine-18-labeled L-rhamnose derivatives as potential PET tracers of various fungal and bacterial strains. Acetyl-protected triflate precursors of rhamnose were prepared and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 followed by hydrolysis to produce L-deoxy [F]fluororhamnose. The overall radiochemical yield was 7-27% in a 90 min synthesis time with a radiochemical purity of 95%. In vivo biodistribution of the ligands using PET imaging showed that 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-L-rhamnose is stable for at least up to 60 min in mice and eliminated via renal clearance. The tracer also exhibited minimal tissue or skeletal uptake in healthy mice resulting in a low background signal.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Rhamnose; Tissue Distribution; Cell Line, Tumor; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37175182
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093773 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2022Modern pediatric imaging seeks to provide not only exceptional anatomic detail but also physiologic and metabolic information of the pathology in question with as little... (Review)
Review
Modern pediatric imaging seeks to provide not only exceptional anatomic detail but also physiologic and metabolic information of the pathology in question with as little radiation penalty as possible. Hybrid PET/MR imaging combines exquisite soft-tissue information obtained by MR imaging with functional information provided by PET, including metabolic markers, receptor binding, perfusion, and neurotransmitter release data. In pediatric neuro-oncology, PET/MR imaging is, in many ways, ideal for follow-up compared with PET/CT, given the superiority of MR imaging in neuroimaging compared with CT and the lower radiation dose, which is relevant in serial imaging and long-term follow-up of pediatric patients. In addition, although MR imaging is the main imaging technique for the evaluation of spinal pathology, PET/MR imaging may provide useful information in several clinical scenarios, including tumor staging and follow-up, treatment response assessment of spinal malignancies, and vertebral osteomyelitis. This review article covers neuropediatric applications of PET/MR imaging in addition to considerations regarding radiopharmaceuticals, imaging protocols, and current challenges to clinical implementation.
Topics: Child; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35512826
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7464 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2023Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular...
Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the molecular dynamics under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. This special issue on Brain Imaging (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/[ISSN]1471-4159.brain-imaging) will highlight some of the recent advances in developing new tools and applying molecular imaging techniques to understand biomarker dynamics in health and diseases.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Biomarkers; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36382604
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15705