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Heliyon Aug 2023Neurological diseases affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, and... (Review)
Review
Neurological diseases affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Herbal medicine has long been used to cure these diseases. One of these plants is lavender, which is composed of various compounds, including terpenes, such as linalool, limonene, triterpenes, linalyl acetate, alcohols, ketones, polyphenols, coumarins, cineole, and flavonoids. In this review, the literature was searched using scientific search engines and databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed) for papers published between 1982 and 2020 via keywords, including review, lavender, and neurological disorders. This plant exerts its healing effect on many diseases, such as anxiety and depression through an inhibitory effect on GABA. The anti-inflammatory effects of this plant have also been documented. It improves depression by regulating glutamate receptors and inhibiting calcium channels and serotonergic factors, such as SERT. Its antiepileptic mechanism is due to an increase in the inhibitory effect of GABA and potassium current and a decrease in sodium current. Therefore, many vegetable oils are also used in herbal medicine. In this review, the healing effect of lavender on several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease was investigated. All findings strongly support the traditional uses of lavender. More clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of the plants' pharmacological active constituents on the treatment of life-threatening diseases in humans. The limitations of this study are the low quality and the limited number of clinical studies. Different administration methods of lavender are one of the limitations of this review.
PubMed: 37554839
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18492 -
IUCrData Feb 2022The reaction of AgNO with the ligand 2,2',2'',2'''-{[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetra-yltetra-kis-(methyl-ene)]tetra-kis-(sulfanedi-yl)}tetra-acetic acid in the presence of a...
The reaction of AgNO with the ligand 2,2',2'',2'''-{[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetra-yltetra-kis-(methyl-ene)]tetra-kis-(sulfanedi-yl)}tetra-acetic acid in the presence of a potassium acetate buffer lead to the formation of a silver(I)-potassium-organic framework, poly[dipotassium [(μ-2,2',2'',2'''-{[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetra-yltetra-kis(methyl-ene)]tetra-kis-(sulfanedi-yl)}tetra-acetato)-disilver(I)] 5.2-hydrate], {K[Ag(CHNOS)]·5.2HO} , (). The asymmetric unit is composed of half a binuclear silver complex located about a center of symmetry, a potassium cation and 2.6 disordered water mol-ecules. The whole binuclear silver complex is generated by inversion symmetry with the pyrazine ring being located about an inversion centre. The ligand coordinates in a bis-tetra-dentate manner. The binuclear silver complex anions are linked bridging Ag⋯S⋯Ag zigzag bonds, forming a network lying parallel to the plane. The networks are linked by O⋯ ⋯O bridging bonds to form a framework. The disordered water mol-ecules are present near to the K cations.
PubMed: 36340876
DOI: 10.1107/S2414314622000773 -
RSC Advances Mar 2021Carboxylates are commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and due to their extensive use, carboxylates present a significant environmental burden. In this...
Carboxylates are commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and due to their extensive use, carboxylates present a significant environmental burden. In this context, valine based, heteroditopic receptor 1 was prepared and its ability to bind simultaneously potassium cation and acetate anion in water containing CHCN solutions was demonstrated. Under liquid-liquid extraction conditions the receptor 1 was capable of extracting hydrophilic AcOK salt from aqueous solution and was proved to be nearly ten times more effective than the equimolar mixture of monotopic receptors. Furthermore, compound 1 could extract one of the most popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen (IbuOK), from relatively dilute aqueous solutions.
PubMed: 35423584
DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00859e -
The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology... 2021The purpose of this process improvement project was to determine the appropriate potassium concentration of stocked IV fluids used in the treatment of diabetic...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this process improvement project was to determine the appropriate potassium concentration of stocked IV fluids used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters (CHKD) Emergency Department.
METHODS
This is a retrospective chart review from July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019. Patients ≤21 years of age with laboratory-confirmed DKA were included. The primary outcome was to determine the most used potassium concentration (20 mEq/L or 40 mEq/L) for stocked IV fluids. Secondary efficacy and safety outcomes included the percent of appropriately ordered fluids per the DKA treatment protocol, percent of patients who maintained goal serum potassium concentration, comparison of time from physician ordering to administration of prescribed IV fluids (t-elapsed), and comparison of serum potassium concentrations between the point of care (POC) test and basic metabolic panel (BMP).
RESULTS
Of the 113 patients included, 73 (64.6%) received 40 mEq/L, 7 of whom received half potassium acetate plus half potassium phosphate, and 40 (35.4%) received 20 mEq/L potassium IV fluids. In 101 patients (89.4%), fluids were ordered appropriately per protocol. Of these patients, 53 (52.5%) maintained goal serum potassium concentration. The t-elapsed from physician ordering to administration of the prescribed fluid concentrations was not statistically significant. The mean POC versus BMP potassium concentration was statistically significant (4.56 mmol/L versus 4.96 mmol/L, respectively; 95% CI: -0.49 to -0.30; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The CHKD pharmacy should stock the most used 40 mEq/L potassium IV fluids for DKA treatment.
PubMed: 34421408
DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.6.592 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Fluctuating environments force bacteria to constantly adapt and optimize the uptake of substrates to maintain cellular and nutritional homeostasis. Our recent findings...
Fluctuating environments force bacteria to constantly adapt and optimize the uptake of substrates to maintain cellular and nutritional homeostasis. Our recent findings revealed that LrgAB functions as a pyruvate uptake system in , and its activity is modulated in response to glucose and oxygen levels. Here, we show that the composition of the growth medium dramatically influences the magnitude and pattern of activation. Specifically, tryptone (T) medium does not provide a preferred environment for stationary phase activation, which is independent of external pyruvate concentration. The addition of pyruvate to T medium can elicit P activation during exponential growth, enabling the cell to utilize external pyruvate for improvement of cell growth. Through comparison of the medium composition and a series of GFP quantification assays for measurement of P activation, we found that acetate and potassium (K) play important roles in eliciting P activation at stationary phase. Of note, supplementation of pooled human saliva to T medium induced expression at stationary phase and in response to pyruvate, suggesting that LrgAB is likely functional in the oral cavity. High concentrations of acetate inhibit cell growth, while high concentrations of K negatively regulate activation. qPCR analysis also revealed that growth in T medium (acetate/K limited) significantly affects the expression of genes related to the catabolic pathways of pyruvate, including the Pta/AckA pathway (acetate metabolism). Lastly, stationary phase expression is not activated when is cultured in T medium, even in a strain that overexpresses . Taken together, these data suggest that activation and pyruvate uptake in are connected to acetate metabolism and potassium uptake systems, important for cellular and energy homeostasis. They also suggest that these factors need to be implemented when planning metabolic experiments and analyzing data in studies that may be sensitive to stationary growth phase.
PubMed: 32231651
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00401 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2021Biotechnology requires efficient microbial cell factories. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a vital cell factory, but more diverse cell factories are...
Biotechnology requires efficient microbial cell factories. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a vital cell factory, but more diverse cell factories are essential for the sustainable use of natural resources. Here, we benchmarked nonconventional yeasts Kluyveromyces marxianus and Rhodotorula toruloides against S. cerevisiae strains CEN.PK and W303 for their responses to potassium and sodium salt stress. We found an inverse relationship between the maximum growth rate and the median cell volume that was responsive to salt stress. The supplementation of K to CEN.PK cultures reduced Na toxicity and increased the specific growth rate 4-fold. The higher K and Na concentrations impaired ethanol and acetate metabolism in CEN.PK and acetate metabolism in W303. In R. toruloides cultures, these salt supplementations induced a trade-off between glucose utilization and cellular aggregate formation. Their combined use increased the beta-carotene yield by 60% compared with that of the reference. Neural network-based image analysis of exponential-phase cultures showed that the vacuole-to-cell volume ratio increased with increased cell volume for W303 and K. marxianus but not for CEN.PK and R. toruloides in response to salt stress. Our results provide insights into common salt stress responses in yeasts and will help design efficient bioprocesses. Characterization of microbial cell factories under industrially relevant conditions is crucial for designing efficient bioprocesses. Salt stress, typical in industrial bioprocesses, impinges upon cell volume and affects productivity. This study presents an open-source neural network-based analysis method to evaluate volumetric changes using yeast optical microscopy images. It allows quantification of cell and vacuole volumes relevant to cellular physiology. On applying salt stress in yeasts, we found that the combined use of K and Na improves the cellular fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK and increases the beta-carotene productivity in Rhodotorula toruloides, a commercially important antioxidant and a valuable additive in foods.
Topics: Acetates; Ethanol; Glucose; Kluyveromyces; Potassium; Rhodotorula; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salt Stress; Sodium
PubMed: 33893111
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03100-20 -
Organic Letters Sep 2021A nickel-catalyzed cyanation of aryl thioethers using Zn(CN) as a cyanide source has been developed to access functionalized aryl nitriles. The ligand dcype...
A nickel-catalyzed cyanation of aryl thioethers using Zn(CN) as a cyanide source has been developed to access functionalized aryl nitriles. The ligand dcype (1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) in combination with the base KOAc (potassium acetate) is essential for achieving this transformation efficiently. This reaction involves both a C-S bond activation and a C-C bond formation. The scalability, low catalyst and reagents loadings, and high functional group tolerance have enabled both late-stage derivatization and polymer recycling, demonstrating the reaction's utility across organic chemistry.
PubMed: 34433260
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02285 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2023Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) accumulation during exacerbation. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether...
OBJECTIVE
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) accumulation during exacerbation. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether potassium channel antagonists attenuate local inflammation in mice with monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout.
METHODS
We cultured human macrophage THP-1 cells and evaluated the molecular levels of both IL-1β and potassium channels stimulated with MSU and/or potassium channel antagonists. Acute gout models were generated in IL-1β luciferase transgenic male mice using synovium-like subcutaneous air pouches with MSU injection. Their luciferase activities were monitored following potassium channel blocker treatment using the IVIS Spectrum CT imaging system. The lavages and tissues were extracted from their air pouches, followed by cell counting and pathological analysis.
RESULTS
MSU stimulation increased the gene expression levels of and , whereas the expression of was decreased in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced THP-1 cells. Both high and low concentrations of the P2x7 receptor inhibitor adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) derivative periodate oxidized ATP (oATP) decreased the production of IL-1β in the supernatant of THP-1 cells. The sixth hour was the peak time of IL-1β luciferase activity after MSU intervention in vivo. oATP ameliorated the synovial IL-1β luciferase activity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviated the erosive damage in the cartilage.
CONCLUSION
The anti-inflammatory properties of potassium channel inhibitors, especially of oATP, might point to new strategies for local anti-inflammatory therapy for acute gout.
PubMed: 37636273
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S421548