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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it... (Review)
Review
: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly , , , , and . Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. : A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against and ( < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for , 13.36 mm for , 12.98 mm for , and 14.01 mm for Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the and genes of . Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of and . ZnO inhibited the growth of within 2 h and the growth of and within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Organic Chemicals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 38138191
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122088 -
Heliyon Mar 2023To investigate the frequencies and bacterial load of three species of periodontal bacteria in samples from oropharyngeal cancer patients versus healthy individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the frequencies and bacterial load of three species of periodontal bacteria in samples from oropharyngeal cancer patients versus healthy individuals.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a case-control study based on biopsies collected from tumor tissues obtained from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2016 and 2017 and shed oral mucosal epithelial cells that were collected from controls using the Cepimax® brush, carrying out several brushings towards the posterior third edge of the tongue and the cheek. and detection and absolute quantification was determined through q-PCR. Statistical analysis included a U- test, , Fisher's exact test, odds ratio (OR) and Conditional logistic regression analysis and unconditional regression analysis ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 48 donors older than 55 years old participated in this study. The population was distributed into 24 patients (cases) and 24 controls. A robust association was established in cases and controls with significance regarding (OR: 15.00) and (OR:11.00). In the comparison between the amount of each bacteria in the groups, showed a higher bacterial load in oropharyngeal cancer patients ( = 0.04). However, multivariate analysis adjusted to the presence of different bacteria and the diverse confounding variables did not reveal significant differences for oropharyngeal cancer association.
CONCLUSION
and were detected more frequently in the group of patients with cancer. The bivariate analysis of the bacterial load evidenced significant differences for , suggesting that it could be associated with oropharyngeal cancer.
PubMed: 36938439
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14293 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely...
BACKGROUND
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the oral microbiota in the development of ORN. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral microbiota and the extent of bone resorption in ORN patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received high-dose radiotherapy for HNC were enrolled. Tissue specimens were collected from the unaffected and affected sides. The diversity, species differences and marker species of the oral microbial community were determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
The ORN group had greater microbial abundance and species diversity. The relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceaeand, f_Fusobacteriaceae, f_Porphyromonadaceae, f_Actinomycetaceae, f_Staphylococcaceae, g_Prevotella, g_Staphylococcus, s_Endodontalis and s_Intermedia were particular;y increased in ORN, suggesting a potential association between the oral microbiota and ORN. Furthermore, g_Prevotella, g_Streptococcus, s_parvula and s_mucilaginosa were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ORN. Association network analysis also suggested an overall imbalance in species diversity and ecological diversity in the oral microbiota of ORN patients. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that the dominant microbiota in ORN may disrupt bone regeneration by regulating specific metabolic pathways that increase osteoclastic activity.
CONCLUSION
Radiation-induced ORN is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiota, and the latter may play a potential role in the etiopathology of post-radiation ORN. The exact mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influence osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Osteoradionecrosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Health Status
PubMed: 37328857
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04219-y -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using...
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of and - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity.
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of and . During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of and composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against and , respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against and , respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in and , respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - and . Amplification of and genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, of . The target protein, of , and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
PubMed: 38882878
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
MicrobiologyOpen Apr 2024Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Bacteroidota phylum, is associated with periodontitis. Other species within this phylum are known to possess...
Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Bacteroidota phylum, is associated with periodontitis. Other species within this phylum are known to possess the general O-glycosylation system. The O-glycoproteome has been characterized in several species, including Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Flavobacterium johnsoniae. In our study, we used electron cryotomography (cryoET) and glycoproteomics to reveal the ultrastructure of P. intermedia and characterize its O-glycoproteome. Our cryoET analysis unveiled the ultrastructural details of the cell envelope and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of P. intermedia. We observed an electron-dense surface layer surrounding both cells and OMVs. The OMVs were often large (>200 nm) and presented two types, with lumens being either electron-dense or translucent. LC-MS/MS analyses of P. intermedia fractions led to the identification of 1655 proteins, which included 62 predicted T9SS cargo proteins. Within the glycoproteome, we identified 443 unique O-glycosylation sites within 224 glycoproteins. Interestingly, the O-glycosylation motif exhibited a broader range than reported in other species, with O-glycosylation found at D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V/S/C/G/F/N/E/Q/D/P). We identified a single O-glycan with a delta mass of 1531.48 Da. Its sequence was determined by MS2 and MS3 analyses using both collision-induced dissociation and high-energy collisional dissociation fragmentation modes. After partial deglycosylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the O-glycan sequence was confirmed to be dHex-dHex-HexNAc (HPO -C H O )-dHex-Hex-HexA-Hex(dHex). Bioinformatic analyses predicted the localization of O-glycoproteins, with 73 periplasmic proteins, 53 inner membrane proteins, 52 lipoproteins, 26 outer membrane proteins, and 14 proteins secreted by the T9SS.
Topics: Glycosylation; Prevotella intermedia; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Proteome; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38409911
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1401 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients... (Review)
Review
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. and mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as , , and also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Metronidazole; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36497685
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Apr 2024Periodontitis-associated bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are closely linked to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)....
PURPOSE
Periodontitis-associated bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are closely linked to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Emerging studies have indicated that another common periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), is enriched in OSCC and could affect the occurrence and progression of OSCC. Our aim is to determine the effects of P. intermedia on the progression of OSCC and the role of antibiotics in reversing these effects.
METHODS
In this study, a murine xenograft model of OSCC was established, and the mice were injected intratumorally with PBS (control group), P. intermedia (P.i group), or P. intermedia combined with an antibiotic cocktail administration (P.i + ABX group), respectively. The effects of P. intermedia and ABX administration on xenograft tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated by tumor volume measurement and histopathological examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the changes in serum cytokine levels. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was adopted to analyze the alterations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and infiltrated immune cells in OSCC tissues of xenograft tumors. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis were conducted to determine differential expression genes among various groups.
RESULTS
Compared with the control treatment, P. intermedia treatment significantly promoted tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, markedly affected the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and markedly altered M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. However, ABX administration clearly abolished these effects of P. intermedia. Transcriptome and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that P. intermedia infection increased the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of ISG15 was positively correlated with the Ki67 expression level, microvessel density, serum concentrations and tissue expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and quantities of infiltrated M2 macrophages and Tregs. However, it is negatively correlated with the quantities of infiltrated CD4 and CD8 T cells.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, intratumoral P. intermedia infection aggravated OSCC progression, which may be achieved through upregulation of ISG15. This study sheds new light on the possible pathogenic mechanism of intratumoral P. intermedia in OSCC progression, which could be a prospective target for OSCC prevention and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cytokines; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Ubiquitins; Disease Progression; Up-Regulation; Prevotella intermedia; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Mice, Nude; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38644421
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05730-5 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for...
Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for the first time to the best of our knowledge based on the presence of different phytochemical compounds. solvent extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory studies on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were performed. Molecular docking was investigated between the bioactive compound (Charantadiol A) of plant extract and biofilm-expressing genes in each test organism. Phytochemicals from ethanol extract showed promising results; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were found present at considerable levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 400 μg/mL for and . Antibacterial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition showed 14 mm to 18 mm zones against the test organisms. The molecular docking report revealed the maximum binding energy of about -6.54 Kcal/Mol of binding energy between Charantadiol A and fimA of . Anti-biofilm study showed that the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of expressed significantly good results against the test organisms. The PDL cell viability values expressed in percentage indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of extracts at three different known concentrations. The findings concluded that extracts have promising prospects as an anti-periodontopathic and anti-inflammatory agent.
PubMed: 38882883
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_512_23 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for...
Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for its virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretome of P. intermedia in biofilm and planktonic life mode. The biofilm secretome showed 109 proteins while the planktonic secretome showed 136 proteins. The biofilm and the planktonic secretomes contained 17 and 33 signal-peptide bearing proteins, 13 and 18 lipoproteins, respectively. Superoxide reductase, sensor histidine kinase, C40 family peptidase, elongation factor Tu, threonine synthase etc. were unique to biofilm. Of the ~ 30 proteins with predicted virulence potential from biofilm and planktonic secretomes, only 6 were common between the two groups, implying large differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of P. intermedia. From Gene Ontology biofilm secretome displayed a markedly higher percent proteins compared to planktonic secretome in terms of cellular amino acid metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc. Inflammatory cytokine profile analysis revealed that only the biofilm secretome, not the planktonic one, induced important cytokines such as MIP-1α/MIP-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the protein profiles of P. intermedia biofilm and planktonic secretomes may trigger further questions about molecular mechanisms how this species exerts its virulence potential in the oral cavity.
Topics: Biofilms; Plankton; Prevotella intermedia; Proteomics; Secretome
PubMed: 35379855
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09085-0