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Nature Communications Feb 2024The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact...
The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact on local cancer development remains uncertain. Our study involving paired nasopharyngeal-oral microbial samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls unveils an aberrant oral-to-nasopharyngeal microbial translocation associated with increased NPC risk (OR = 4.51, P = 0.012). Thirteen species are classified as oral-translocated and enriched in NPC patients. Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are validated through culturomics and clonal strain identification. Nasopharyngeal biopsy meta-transcriptomes confirm these microbes within tumors, influencing local microenvironment and cytokine response. These microbes correlate significantly with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in the nasopharynx, exhibiting an increased dose-response relationship. Collectively, our study identifies oral microbes migrating to the nasopharynx, infiltrating tumors, impacting microenvironments and linking with EBV infection. These results enhance our understanding of abnormal microbial communication and their roles in carcinogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Translocation, Genetic; Mouth; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38388556
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45518-2 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.
AIM
The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively.
RESULTS
Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD ( < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased ( = 0.0062), ( = 0.0439), ( < 0.0001), ( = 0.0002), ( < 0.0001), and ( = 0.0020). ( = 0.0042), ( = 0.0022), ( = 0.0002), ( = 0.0045), ( = 0.0267), ( = 0.0017), ( = 0.0020), and ( = 0.0002) were higher; ( = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. ( = 0.0351) and ( = 0.002) were lower; ( = 0.0002), ( = 0065), ( = 0.0151), ( = 0.0141), ( = 0.0057), and ( = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD ( = 0.001) and PA+PD ( = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.
PubMed: 37649970
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022The genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is...
The genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is necessary for some patients. This study compared the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes in clinical oral isolates of , , and . Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the agar dilution method. PCR confirmed the species and resistance gene frequency in the species. The frequencies of species , , and were 30.2%, 45.7%, and 24.1%, respectively. No isolates of were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, or clindamycin. and were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and tetracycline at frequencies of 40% and 20%, respectively. was resistant to metronidazole at a frequency of 30%, at 20%, and at 40%. and were resistant to 50% and 10% clindamycin, respectively. The gene most frequently detected was , at 43.3%, followed by at 36.6%, at 26.6%, at 20%, , , and at 16.6%, and at 3.3%. was the species with the highest resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and clindamycin, in addition to being the species with the largest number of genes compared to and
PubMed: 35884141
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070888 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The use of systemic antibiotics may influence the oral microbiota composition. Our aim was to investigate in this retrospective study whether the use of prescribed...
The use of systemic antibiotics may influence the oral microbiota composition. Our aim was to investigate in this retrospective study whether the use of prescribed antibiotics associate with periodontal status, oral microbiota, and antibodies against the periodontal pathogens. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland Data provided the data on the use of systemic antibiotics by record linkage to purchased medications and entitled reimbursements up to 1 year before the oral examination and sampling. Six different classes of antibiotics were considered. The Parogene cohort included 505 subjects undergoing coronary angiography with the mean (SD) age of 63.4 (9.2) years and 65% of males. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation. Serum and saliva antibody levels to periodontal pathogens were analysed with immunoassays and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity with the LAL assay. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 261 (51.7%) patients during the preceding year. The mean number of prescriptions among them was 2.13 (range 1-12), and 29.4% of the prescriptions were cephalosporins, 25.7% penicillins, 14.3% quinolones, 12.7% macrolides or lincomycin, 12.0% tetracycline, and 5.8% trimethoprim or sulphonamides. In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and diabetes, number of antibiotic courses associated significantly with low periodontal inflammation burden index (PIBI, < 0.001), bleeding on probing (BOP, = 0.006), and alveolar bone loss (ABL, = 0.042). Cephalosporins associated with all the parameters. The phyla mainly affected by the antibiotics were Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. Their levels were inversely associated with the number of prescriptions ( = 0.010 and < 0.001) and directly associated with the time since the last prescription ( = 0.019 and < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed between the number of prescriptions and saliva concentrations of , , and and subgingival bacterial amounts of , , , and . Saliva or serum antibody levels did not present an association with the use of antibiotics. Both serum ( = 0.031) and saliva ( = 0.032) LPS activity was lower in patients having any antibiotic course less than 1 month before sampling. Systemic antibiotics have effects on periodontal inflammation and oral microbiota composition, whereas the effects on host immune responses against the periodontal biomarker species seem unchanged.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35004349
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774665 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022As periodontitis progresses, the oral microbiota community changes dynamically. In this study, we evaluated the dominant bacteria and their roles in the potential...
BACKGROUND
As periodontitis progresses, the oral microbiota community changes dynamically. In this study, we evaluated the dominant bacteria and their roles in the potential pathway in young males with stage III periodontitis.
METHODS
16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate variations in the composition of oral bacteria between males with stage I and III periodontitis and identify the dominant bacteria of each group. Function prediction was obtained based on 16S rRNA sequencing data. The inhibitor of the predominant pathway for stage III periodontitis was used to investigate the role of the dominant bacteria in periodontitis and .
RESULTS
Chao1 index, Observed Species and Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) whole tree values were significantly higher in the stage III periodontitis group. β-diversity suggested that samples could be divided according to the stages of periodontitis. The dominant bacteria in stage III periodontitis were , , and , whereas that in stage I periodontitis was . KEGG analysis predicted that variations in the oral microbiome may be related to the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The inhibitor of this pathway, NOD-IN-1, decreased . -induced mRNA expression and increased . -induced mRNA expression, consistent with the ELISA results. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 expressions by NOD-IN-1 in . -induced periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
The composition of the oral bacteria in young males varied according to the stage of periodontitis. The species richness of oral microtia was greater in young males with stage III periodontitis than those with stage I periodontitis. was the dominant bacteria in young males with stage III periodontitis, and inhibition of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway can decrease the periodontal inflammation induced by . .
PubMed: 36569059
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049525 -
BioMed Research International 2022This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation...
This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation to the antimicrobial action over , , , , and ; the genotoxicity over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures; and the morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (50 k and ×100 k). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hydroxide, and saline solution were used as control groups in the different analysis. All data were submitted to a normality test and then analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering ≤ 0.05 significance level. It was found that over and , there was no a significant difference between the calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and the control group of saline solution, and only 5MO was similar to the NaOCl group. However, over , all groups were effective and showed a statistically significant difference compared to the saline solution group. Conversely, none of the groups were effective over and , except of the NaOCl group. There was a significant difference between 5MO and MTA groups in comparison with NaOCl and MTA HP over osteoblasts and macrophages after 24 hours. SEM images showed small irregular particles interspersed with some elongated needle-like particles and small irregular particles with some larger particles as well as elongated particles. It was concluded that 5MO, MTA, and MTA HP have effective antimicrobial action over . However, only 5MO is effective over and . Besides, 5MO and MTA are not genotoxic over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Aluminum Compounds; Anti-Infective Agents; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Drug Combinations; Materials Testing; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Saline Solution; Silicates
PubMed: 35592523
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2155226 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2023Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is...
BACKGROUND
Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is nontoxic to tissues but still exhibits broad microbicidal effect. HOCl solution may be applicable as a supplement to water and/or mouthwash. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HOCl solution on common human oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate MHV A59 virus, considering the dental practice environment.
METHODS
HOCl was generated by electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid. The effect of HOCl on human oral pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and MHV A59 virus was studied from four perspectives: concentration; volume; presence of saliva; and storage. HOCl solution in different conditions was utilized in bactericidal and virucidal assays, and the minimum inhibitory volume ratio that is required to completely inhibit the pathogens was determined.
RESULTS
In the absence of saliva, the minimum inhibitory volume ratio of freshly prepared HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) was 4:1 for bacterial suspensions and 6:1 for viral suspensions. The presence of saliva increased the minimum inhibitory volume ratio to 8:1 and 7:1 for bacteria and viruses, respectively. Applying a higher concentration of HOCl solution (220 or 330 ppm) did not lead to a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory volume ratio against S. intermedius and P. micra. The minimum inhibitory volume ratio increases in applications of HOCl solution via the dental unit water line. One week of storage of HOCl solution degraded HOCl and increased the minimum growth inhibition volume ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) is still effective against oral pathogens and SAR-CoV-2 surrogate viruses even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line. This study indicates that the HOCl solution can be used as therapeutic water or mouthwash and may ultimately reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice.
Topics: Humans; Hypochlorous Acid; SARS-CoV-2; Mouthwashes; COVID-19; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets; Bacteria
PubMed: 36803460
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02820-7 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023The purposes of this study were to examine the compositional changes in the salivary microbiota according to the severity of periodontal disease and to verify whether...
The purposes of this study were to examine the compositional changes in the salivary microbiota according to the severity of periodontal disease and to verify whether the distribution of specific bacterial species in saliva can distinguish the severity of disease. Saliva samples were collected from 8 periodontally healthy controls, 16 patients with gingivitis, 19 patients with moderate periodontitis, and 29 patients with severe periodontitis. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene in the samples were sequenced, and the levels of 9 bacterial species showing significant differences among the groups by sequencing analysis were identified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The predictive performance of each bacterial species in distinguishing the severity of disease was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-nine species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, increased as the severity of disease increased, whereas 6 species, including Rothia denticola, decreased. The relative abundances of P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Filifactor alocis, and Prevotella intermedia determined by qPCR were significantly different among the groups. The three bacterial species P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and F. alocis were positively correlated with the sum of the full-mouth probing depth and were moderately accurate at distinguishing the severity of periodontal disease. In conclusion, the salivary microbiota showed gradual compositional changes according to the severity of periodontitis, and the levels of P. gingivalis, , and F. alocis in mouth rinse saliva had the ability to distinguish the severity of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread medical conditions and the leading cause of tooth loss, imposing high economic costs and an increasing burden worldwide as life expectancy increases. Changes in the subgingival bacterial community during the progression of periodontal disease can affect the entire oral ecosystem, and bacteria in saliva can reflect the degree of bacterial imbalance in the oral cavity. This study explored whether the specific bacterial species in saliva can distinguish the severity of periodontal disease by analyzing the salivary microbiota and suggested P. gingivalis, , and F. alocis as biomarkers for distinguishing the severity of periodontal disease in saliva.
Topics: Humans; Bacteroides; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Microbiota
PubMed: 37191548
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04327-22 -
Designing Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Construct against -Interpain A: An Immunoinformatics Approach.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2023: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory infectious disease marked by continuous degradation of teeth and surrounding parts. One of the most important...
: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory infectious disease marked by continuous degradation of teeth and surrounding parts. One of the most important periodontal pathogens is , and with its interpain A proteinase, it leads to an increase in lethal infection. : The current study was designed to create a multi-epitope vaccine using an immunoinformatics method that targets the interpain A of . For the development of vaccines, peptides InpA were found appropriate. To create a multi-epitope vaccination design, interpain A, B, and T-cell epitopes were found and assessed depending on the essential variables. The vaccine construct was evaluated based on its stability, antigenicity, and allergenicity. The vaccine construct reached a more significant population and was able to bind to both the binding epitopes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II. Through the C3 receptor complex route, InpA promotes an immunological subunit. Utilizing InpA-C3 and vaccination epitopes as the receptor and ligand, the molecular docking and dynamics were performed using the ClusPro 2.0 server. : The developed vaccine had shown good antigenicity, solubility, and stability. Molecular docking indicated the vaccine's 3D structure interacts strongly with the complement C3. The current study describes the design for vaccine, and steady interaction with the C3 immunological receptor to induce a good memory and an adaptive immune response against Interpain A of .
Topics: Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Prevotella intermedia; Vaccines; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
PubMed: 36837503
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020302 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2023is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation...
Simultaneous detection and evaluation of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals through multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation and identification of all the species.
AIM
The purpose of the study was to detect and compare presence of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and thirty-six subjects were considered consisting of chronic periodontitis (128) and healthy (108) individuals. Subgingival plaque sample was collected in reduced transport fluid and analyzed. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for genus followed by positive samples were considered for the detection of selected species through multiplex PCR using specific primers.
RESULTS
Out of 236 samples, 94.1% were positive for genus . Out of 222 cases showed the highest number of cases positive (59.5%) followed by (57.2%), (55.4%), and (40.1%). Species were analyzed individually between chronic periodontitis and healthy, , and showed greater positivity in healthy compared to chronic periodontitis. Positivity for was high in chronic periodontitis compared to healthy.
CONCLUSION
The number of positive cases for species, when correlated with clinical parameters showed an increase in mean score for all clinical parameters assessed, suggesting the presence of variation in the prevalence of species and geographic variation do exist in oral microflora. Findings suggest that they can be normal commensals and opportunistic.
PubMed: 37346862
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_154_22