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BMC Oral Health Jan 2023The stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is critical in orthodontic clinics. The failure of TADs is multifactorial, and the role of the oral microbiome has...
BACKGROUND
The stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is critical in orthodontic clinics. The failure of TADs is multifactorial, and the role of the oral microbiome has not been clearly defined. Herein, we attempted to analyze the contribution of the oral microbiome to the failure of TADs.
METHODS
Next-generation sequencing was adopted for analyzing the microbiome on the TADs from orthodontic patients. 29 TADs (15 failed TADs and 14 successful TADs) were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 135 TADs (62 failed TADs and 73 successful TADs) were collected to conduct metagenomic sequencing. Additionally, 34 verified samples (18 failed TADs and 16 successful TADs) were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS
Successful and failed TADs demonstrated discrepancies in microbiome structure, composition, and function. Clear separations were found in β-diversity in 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as metagenomic sequencing (p < 0.05). Metagenomic sequencing showed that Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Parvimonas spp., Neisseria elongata, and Catonella morbi were enriched in the failed groups. qRT-PCR also demonstrated that the absolute bacteria load of Prevotella intermedia was higher in failed TADs (p < 0.05). Considering functional aspects, the failed group showed enriched genes involved in flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study illustrated the compositional and functional differences of microorganisms found on successful and failed TADs, indicating that controlling bacterial adhesion on the surface of TADs is essential for their success rate.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Orthodontic Appliance Design; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota
PubMed: 36650527
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02715-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Increasing evidence suggests that periodontitis, characterized by oral dysbiosis, is a critical player in the progression of multiple systemic diseases in humans....
Increasing evidence suggests that periodontitis, characterized by oral dysbiosis, is a critical player in the progression of multiple systemic diseases in humans. However, there is still a lack of a proper mouse model of periodontitis with the colonization of human periodontitis-associated bacteria. We here established a new mouse periodontitis model by combining ligation of the second molars with application of subgingival plaques from periodontitis patients. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Taxonomic classification, we found that human periodontitis-associated bacteria efficiently colonized in the mouse model and were enriched in both ligature silk and mouse saliva. Furthermore, the well-recognized periodontal pathogens including , , , and were enriched in the new model, but not in ligature-induced periodontitis model or Sham mice. The human periodontitis-associated bacteria potently aggravated mouse periodontitis, as demonstrated by more severe bone resorption and higher expression of inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis genes. In summary, the new mouse periodontitis model paves the way for studying human periodontitis-associated bacteria in oral diseases and systemic diseases.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Humans; Mice; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35273925
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.842845 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Children with cerebral palsy (CP) present a higher prevalence and severity of caries. Although researchers have studied multiple risk factors for caries in CP, the role...
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) present a higher prevalence and severity of caries. Although researchers have studied multiple risk factors for caries in CP, the role of microorganisms in caries remains one of the critical factors worth exploring. In order to explore the differences in the supragingival plaque microbiota (SPM), supragingival plaque samples were collected from 55 CP children and 23 non-CP children for 16S rRNA sequencing. Distinct SPM composition was found between CP children with severe caries (CPCS) and non-CP children with severe caries (NCPCS). Further subanalysis was also done to identify if there were any differences in SPM among CP children with different degrees of caries, namely, caries-free (CPCF), mild to moderate caries (CPCM), and severe caries (CPCS). After selecting the top 15 most abundant species in all groups, we found that CPCS was significantly enriched for , , , , , , , , and compared to NCPCS. By comparing CPCF, CPCM, and CPCS, we found that the core caries-associated microbiota in CP children included , , , , and , while and r were dental health-associated microbiota in CP children. Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant difference between NCPCS and CPCS, but the latter had a much simpler core correlation network than that of NCPCS. Among CP children, CPCM and CPCF displayed lower bacterial diversity and simpler correlation networks than those of CPCS. In summary, the study showed the specific SPM characteristics of CPCS compared to NCPCS and revealed the core SPM in CP children with different severities of caries (CPCF, CPCM, and CPCS) and their correlation network. Hopefully, the study would shed light on better caries prevention and therapies for CP children. Findings from the current study offer exciting insights that warrant larger cohort studies inclusive of saliva and feces samples to investigate the potential pathogenic role of oral microbiota through the oral-gut-brain axis in CP children with caries.
Topics: Brain; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35480234
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814473 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Oral microbiome disruptions in periodontitis are related to the chronic inflammatory reactions that could in turn lead to the development of multiple oral diseases. The...
Oral microbiome disruptions in periodontitis are related to the chronic inflammatory reactions that could in turn lead to the development of multiple oral diseases. The objective of the study was to assess the frequencies of , , and in oral benign lesions, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and investigate the impact of these bacteria on the expression patterns of the selected (potential) target genes (//, /, and ). After sample collection (25 benign lesions, 30 OPMDs, and 35 OSCCs) and DNA/RNA extraction, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect bacterial presence and assess relative gene expression levels in different lesion groups. was the most prevalent of the three analyzed bacteria, with the frequency being 60% in benign lesions, 87% in OPMDs ( = 0.024), and 77% in OSCC. The OPMD tissues in which was present exhibited a higher expression level of ( = 0.042). Significantly lower expression of was observed in OSCC tissues containing ( = 0.011). The obtained results indicate a substantial contribution of and in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal lesions, possibly via upregulation and downregulation.
PubMed: 37887710
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101194 -
Biomedicines Oct 2022(1) Background: The link between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now widely reported. Several studies suggest the role of () in the pathophysiology...
(1) Background: The link between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now widely reported. Several studies suggest the role of () in the pathophysiology of RA and some observations highlight the improvement of the disease activity induced by therapies against . We have very little data on the prevalence of carriage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory joint diseases in children. (2) Methods: The specific IgG responses against and () were determined in a cohort of 101 patients with JIA and 19 patients with other autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes). (3) Results: Specific anti- and anti- IgG titers were higher in JIA group than in control groups. These differences were mainly observed in the oligoarthritis group. The same pattern was observed in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). (4) Conclusions: Children with oligoarticular and ERA subsets had higher IgG titers to and . These results suggest involvement of an oral dysbiosis in the occurrence of JIA in these subgroups.
PubMed: 36289875
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102613 -
Journal of Bacteriology Aug 2022Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium, is frequently isolated from the periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. In recent...
Insertional Inactivation and Gene Complementation of Prevotella intermedia Type IX Secretion System Reveals Its Indispensable Roles in Black Pigmentation, Hemagglutination, Protease Activity of Interpain A, and Biofilm Formation.
Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium, is frequently isolated from the periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. In recent years, the involvement of the bacterium in respiratory tract infections as well as in oral infections has been revealed. P. intermedia possesses several potent virulence factors, such as cysteine proteinase interpain A encoded by the gene. The genome of P. intermedia carries genes of the type IX secretion system (T9SS), which enables the translocation of virulence factors across the outer membrane in several pathogens belonging to the phylum ; however, it is still unclear whether the T9SS is functional in this microorganism. Recently, we performed targeted mutagenesis in the strain OMA14 of P. intermedia. Here, we successfully obtained mutants deficient in and the T9SS component genes and . None of the mutants exhibited protease activity of interpain A. The and mutants, but not the mutant, showed defects in colony pigmentation, hemagglutination, and biofilm formation. We also obtained a complemented strain for the gene that recovered all the above abilities. These results indicate that T9SS functions in P. intermedia and that interpain A is one of the T9SS cargo proteins. The virulence factors of periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella intermedia have not been elucidated. Using our established procedure, we succeeded in generating type IX secretion system mutants and gene complementation strains that might transfer virulence factors to the bacterial surface. The generated strains clearly indicate that T9SS in P. intermedia is essential for colonial pigmentation, hemagglutination, and biofilm formation. These results indicated that interpain A is a T9SS cargo protein.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Secretion Systems; Base Composition; Biofilms; Cysteine Proteases; Hemagglutination; Humans; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Prevotella intermedia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35862729
DOI: 10.1128/jb.00203-22 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jan 2022Bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of tissues and biomaterials are major causes of chronic infections in humans. Among them, () and () are anaerobic pathogens...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of tissues and biomaterials are major causes of chronic infections in humans. Among them, () and () are anaerobic pathogens causing dental infections associated with periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the killing effect and underlying mechanisms of direct current (DC) as an antimicrobial method .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We chose and in different states to make comparisons of the killing effect of DC. By viable bacteria counting, fluorescent live/dead staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, addition of ROS scavenger DMTU and mRNA expression assay of ROS scavenging genes, the role of ROS in the killing effect was explored.
RESULTS
The planktonic and biofilm states of two bacteria could be effectively killed by low-intensity DC. For the killing effect of 1000 μA DC, there were significant differences whether on planktonic and (mean killing values: 2.40 vs 2.62 log CFU/mL) or on biofilm state of those (mean killing values: 0.63 vs 0.98 log CFU/mL). 1000 μA DC greatly induced ROS production and the mRNA expression of ROS scavenging genes. DMTU could partially decrease the killing values of DC and downregulate corresponding gene's expression.
CONCLUSION
1000 μA DC can kill and in two states by promoting overproduction of ROS, and is more sensitive to DC than . These findings indicate low-intensity DC may be a promising approach in treating periodontal infections.
PubMed: 35028071
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.025 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases (CAD) patients.
METHODS
This study was designed and implemented up to 31 August 2020. The findings present according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist. Two independent reviewers (I.RJ and S.H) performed a comprehensive search on four different English databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Embase. In order to assess the quality of the articles, a checklist prepared by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used.
RESULTS
Finally, 44 studies were selected. The prevalence of different microorganisms in coronary arteries were as follows: (46.2%), (43.0%), (42.8%), (29.1%), (18.9%), virus type 1 (5.9%), (42.6%), (47.6%), (43.7%), and (32.9%).
CONCLUSION
Based on the result of this meta-analysis, and are the most common microorganisms in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries and may have an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.
PubMed: 36506809
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8678967 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2022The development and progression of periodontal diseases is a result of the dynamic interaction of microorganisms within their habitat, and changes in this habitat...
BACKGROUND
The development and progression of periodontal diseases is a result of the dynamic interaction of microorganisms within their habitat, and changes in this habitat generate a dysbiotic state. and are bridging microorganisms between the pioneer communities and other microorganisms responsible for periodontitis such as . Tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCl) is commonly used as a coadjutant in periodontal treatment in the form of an antiseptic. However, there are no clear dilution or concentration protocols.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of TTC-HCl diluted in sterile water, saline solution, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80,000 at concentration of 125, 250, and 500 mg, at three time points- 30, 60, and 120 s - on , , and using the Kelsey-Maurer technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The antimicrobial activity of TTC-HCl was evaluated at the proposed concentrations and times, dissolved in the different vehicles at pH 1.9 and 7.0, on , , and . The Kelsey-Maurer test was used to verify the presence or absence of colony-forming units. Each test was performed in triplicates with its respective viability controls.
RESULTS
Inhibition of , , and was achieved with TTC-HCl at all concentrations, dissolved in distilled water, saline solution, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80,000 for all times.
CONCLUSIONS
The results show that TTC-HCl is a good antimicrobial alternative against , , and regardless of the vehicle in which it was dissolved, concentration, pH, or time used in this investigation.
PubMed: 35321298
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_661_20 -
International Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023To assess and compare the antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and red laser (660 nm) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), indocyanine green (ICG) and...
AIM
To assess and compare the antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and red laser (660 nm) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), indocyanine green (ICG) and infrared laser (810 nm) aPDT, and dual-dye (MB and ICG) and dual light (red and infrared) aPDT on oral biofilms of and (.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Biofilms of and were grown at 36°C and 5% CO for 7 days in a 96-well plate in a brain heart infusion (BHI) growth medium. Before aPDT, a total of 27 inoculums were collected from culture wells and grown on culture plates to assess baseline colony forming units (CFU). The microbial wells were treated with MBaPDT (group I), ICGaPDT (group II), and MBICGaPDT (group III). Post-aPDT, inoculums were collected from wells to be cultured to assess CFU. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student paired -tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was fixed at ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Methylene blue antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (MBaPDT) caused a significant reduction in counts compared to other groups ( = 11.15, = 0.01). aPDT on resulted in a significant ( = 0.04) reduction of bacterial counts in the ICGaPDT group. aPDT on resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts ( ≤ 0.05) in MBaPDT and ICGaPDT groups.
CONCLUSION
Dual-dye and dual light aPDT showed an antibacterial effect against . It was ineffective against and .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dual-dye aPDT may effectively reduce counts in infected root canals and improve the outcomes of root canal treatment.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Yavagal C, Yavagal PC, Marwah N, Antibacterial Efficacy of Dual-dye and Dual Laser Photodynamic Therapy on Oral Biofilms of , and : An Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-2):S128-S132.
PubMed: 38078032
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2662