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Journal of Indian Society of... 2023People globally are turning to herbal products to reconnect with nature. Cost efficacy and minimal side effects are the reasons for this changeover. This study assessed...
BACKGROUND
People globally are turning to herbal products to reconnect with nature. Cost efficacy and minimal side effects are the reasons for this changeover. This study assessed the effect of as an antimicrobial agent against .
AIM
To determine and compare the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of on periodontal pathogens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of were tested against the standard strains of the selected bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used. These tests assessed the lowest concentrations of test agent, either by showing a lack of turbidity or by no or few bacterial growth colonies, respectively. In this study, tetracycline hydrochloride was used as the control group.
RESULTS
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of showed antibacterial activity at various concentrations against the selected organisms. While assessing the MBC, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of and tetracycline hydrochloride exhibited bactericidal activity against at all concentrations. The ethanolic extract of and tetracycline hydrochloride showed bactericidal action, whereas the aqueous extract exhibited bacteriostatic action against . The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of showed bacteriostatic action, whereas tetracycline hydrochloride showed bactericidal action against .
CONCLUSION
Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of showed antibacterial activity against standard strains of , , and . The ethanolic extract showed a significant antibacterial effect against the selected microorganisms when compared to the aqueous extract of .
PubMed: 36873972
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_182_22 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Oct 2023Periodontal disease and its bacteria can be responsible for pregnancy complications and transmission of periodontal bacteria from mother to newborn.
BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease and its bacteria can be responsible for pregnancy complications and transmission of periodontal bacteria from mother to newborn.
METHODS
A salivary swab to 60 healthy, full-term newborns and their mothers was taken immediately after birth. The test was performed with Real Time PCR method to evaluate the expression of the gene through DNA amplification. The species considered were: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp.
RESULTS
The newborn oral microbiome was composed primarily by saprophytes (98.38 + 4.88%), just like the mothers (98.8 + 3.69%). There was a statistically significant difference of the total microbiological density in newborns and mothers (p = 0.0001). Maternal and neonatal oral microbiome had a correlated total microbiological density only in 33.3% (N = 20/60) of cases. The analysis of the oral microbiome showed a pathological composition only in 12/60 babies (20%). The most frequent detected specie in newborns was Fusobacterium nucleatum (9/12 babies, 75%), as well as for the mothers (53.3%). However, the pathogen was present both in baby and his mother only in 3 dyads. Porphyromonas gingivalis showed the highest association mother-baby (4/12 dyads, 33%). Porphyromonas gingivalis was the pathogen with the highest bacterial load in the 12 mothers. We found a statistically significant difference in the total load of Porphyromonas gingivalis in mothers and babies (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
There was a statistically significant difference in the richness of the microbiome from newborns and mothers. Even comparing the microbiological density in the oral cavity of the individual mother-child pairs, we did not find a significant concordance. These results seem to suggest a low influence of maternal oral microbiome on the richness of the oral neonatal one. We didn't find mother-child concordance (p = 0.0001) in the presence of pathogenic periodontal micro-organisms. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequent specie detected. Porphyromonas gingivalis instead was the bacteria with the higher possibility of transmission. In conclusion in our study maternal oral health doesn't affect healthy, full-term newborns' oral microbiome. Further studies are needed to understand the maternal influence on newborn's oral microbiome and its effects on babies long-term health.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mothers
PubMed: 37840153
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01520-w -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is...
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise worldwide. An imbalance between the microorganism composition and its host may lead to the occurrence of oral malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral microbiota plays an important role in oral cancer; however, the association between oral microbiota and oral cancer has not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of three groups of samples from Chinese patients with oral cancer, patients with precancerous lesion, and normal individuals. In terms of microbiota richness, the oral microbiota of patients with precancerous lesions was richer than that of oral cancer patients and healthy controls, whereas in terms of microbiota diversity, there was little difference between the three groups. The three groups of samples exhibited statistically significant differences in microbiota composition and metabolic function at the family, genus, and species levels ( < 0.05). The differentially enriched phylum in oral cancer samples was Bacteroidetes ( < 0.05). At the genus level, the main differentially enriched taxa were , and ( < 0.05). The species level was differentially enriched in and (p < 0.05). The prediction of microbiota function shows that oral cancer is mainly associated with coenzyme A biosynthesis, phosphopantothenic acid biosynthesis, inosine 5'-phosphate degradation, and riboflavin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in C-reactive protein level in oral cancer patients was found to be closely related to . Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant differences between the oral cancer group and normal group. Hence, microbes can be employed as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for oral cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34956932
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780067 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2020The purpose of the present study was to compare the immunomodulatory effect of azithromycin (AZM), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AMX), and clindamycin (CLI) in vitro...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the present study was to compare the immunomodulatory effect of azithromycin (AZM), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AMX), and clindamycin (CLI) in vitro and AZM on preexisting periapical lesions compared with AMP.
METHODS
The susceptibility of 4 common human endodontic pathogens (Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus intermedius, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) to AZM, AMP, AMX, and CLI was confirmed by agar disk diffusion assay. Preexisting periapical lesions in C57BL/6J mice were treated with AZM, AMP, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Periapical bone healing and the pattern of inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated after a 10-day treatment by micro-computed tomographic and histology, respectively. Besides, the effect of antibiotics in pathogen-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and the production of interleukin 1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha was assessed in vitro by luciferase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
All examined endodontic pathogens were susceptible to AZM, AMP, AMX, and CLI. AZM significantly attenuated periapical bone loss versus PBS. PBS resulted in widely diffused infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells. By contrast, AZM brought about localized infiltration of neutrophils and M2 macrophages and advanced fibrosis. Although the effect of AMP on bone was uncertain, inflammatory cell infiltration was considerably milder than PBS. However, most macrophages observed seemed to be M1 macrophages. AZM suppressed pathogen-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cytokine production, whereas AMP, AMX, and CLI reduced only cytokine production moderately.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that AZM led to the resolution of preexisting experimental periapical inflammation. Our data provide a perspective on host response in antibiotic selection for endodontic treatment. However, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to better elucidate the benefits of AZM as an adjunctive therapy for endodontic treatment when antibiotic therapy is recommended. Although both AZM and AMP were effective on preexisting periapical lesions, AZM led to advanced wound healing, probably depending on its immunomodulatory effect.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Firmicutes; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 32763436
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.028 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and negatively affects dental implant success through various mechanisms. This study aimed to compare clinical and microbiological findings of individuals with dental implants with or without T2DM.
METHODS
A total of 82 dental implants which were in function >3 years, were involved. The participants were divided into 2 groups; T2DM (n: 45 implants) and systemically healthy controls (n:37 implants). Periodontal indexes (Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), and radiographic bone loss were recorded around implants in function >3 years. Subgingival microbiological samples were also collected from the peri-implant sites. Pathogens include , , , , , , , , , were evaluated.
RESULTS
Peri-implant heatlh was determined in systemically healthy (54.1%) and type 2 diabetes patients (24.4%). Peri-implantitis was also evident in systemically healthy (8.1%) and T2DM (35.6%) groups. No differences was found in shallow peri-implant pockets in both groups in terms of the prevelance of all evaluated bacteria (p > 0.05). However, , , and were isolated more frequently in deep peri-implant pockets in systemically healthy patients compared to T2DM patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Evaluted periodontal pathogens may not be affected by the presence of T2DM in implants. T2DM may not significantly alter the levels of specific periodontal pathogens in shallow and deep peri-implant pockets. , and may be affected by T2DM in implants in deep pockets.
PubMed: 35646552
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.007 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2022Periodontitis and arterial hypertension are two of the pathologies with the highest global prevalence; evidence reported so far has been favorable to an association...
Periodontitis and arterial hypertension are two of the pathologies with the highest global prevalence; evidence reported so far has been favorable to an association between them. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate and compare the microbiological counts of hypertensive and normotensive patients with periodontitis. Sociodemographic, behavioral, systemic health data and periodontal clinical parameters were assessed. Counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using subgingival biofilm samples. Thirty-eight patients were included in this preliminary analysis, divided into two groups: Normotensive Group (NG) (n = 14) and Hypertensive Group (HG) (n = 24). Patients diagnosed with periodontitis composed both groups. Data analysis was performed with significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference between groups for clinical periodontitis diagnosis. In addition, hypertensive individuals had higher P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum counts when compared to normotensive individuals. The parameters probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and A. actinomycetemcomitans count did not presented statistical differences between groups. With these preliminary results, it can be concluded that the presence of arterial hypertension may be associated with a greater quantity of periodontopathogenic bacterial of some species in individuals with periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Pilot Projects; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontitis; Hypertension; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 36287500
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204914 -
Microorganisms May 2020Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue...
Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely and into a nine-species "basic biofilm". This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising and The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the "basic biofilm" induced a decrease in the cell number of the "basic" species. Interestingly, counts increased in biofilms containing and respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of . The growth of on hydroxyapatite discs and of and on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the "basic biofilm". Contrarily, the counts of , and on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of and on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.
PubMed: 32384777
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050674 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023The oral microbiota can be influenced by multiple factors, but only a few studies have focused on the role of glycemic control in determining early alterations of oral...
The oral microbiota can be influenced by multiple factors, but only a few studies have focused on the role of glycemic control in determining early alterations of oral microbiota and their association with pathogenesis of both periodontitis and caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interplay between bacteria composition, oral hygiene, and glycemic control in a cohort of children with T1D. A total of 89 T1D children were enrolled (62% males, mean age: 12.6 ± 2.2 years). Physical and clinical characteristics, glucometabolic parameters, insulin treatment, and oral hygiene habits data were collected. Microbiological analysis was performed from saliva samples. A high prevalence of cariogenic and periodontopathogens bacteria in our cohort was detected. In particular, in all subjects spp., , , and spp. were isolated. was found in about half of the analyzed sample (49.4%), in particular in patients with imbalance values of glycemic control. Moreover, a higher presence of both and spp. was detected in subjects with poorer glycemic control, in terms of HbA1c, %TIR and %TAR, even adjusting for age, sex, and hygiene habits as covariates. Virtuous oral hygiene habits, such as frequency of toothbrush changes and professional oral hygiene, negatively correlated with the simultaneous presence of , , and , red complex bacteria. Our study shows it is crucial to pay attention to glycemic control and regular oral hygiene to prevent the establishment of an oral microbiota predisposing to dental and periodontal pathology in subjects with T1D since childhood.
PubMed: 36985242
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030668 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Green propolis may represent a promising therapeutic alternative against dental anaerobic pathogens because of its antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the...
Green propolis may represent a promising therapeutic alternative against dental anaerobic pathogens because of its antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions of Brazilian green propolis aqueous extract (BGP-AqExt) against dental anaerobic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentration (MMC) of the extract were determined against the standard strains (ATCC) of , , and . BGP-AqExt was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Antibiofilm action was measured by MTT and crystal violet tests. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey (5%) tests. The extract had antimicrobial action against all tested anaerobic bacteria, with an MIC value of 55 mg/mL for all bacteria, an MMC of 27.5 mg/mL for and and 55 mg/mL for . Chemically, BGP-AqExt is composed of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic and p-coumaric acid, drupani, kaempferol and Artepillin C. Significant reductions in biomass and metabolic action of biofilms were found after BGP-AqExt application. Therefore, BGP-AqExt has an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against dental anaerobic bacteria.
Topics: Propolis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Anti-Infective Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36500223
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238128 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Bacillus licheniformis is used in a broad spectrum of areas, including some probiotic preparations for human and veterinary health. Moreover, B. licheniformis strains...
Bacillus licheniformis is used in a broad spectrum of areas, including some probiotic preparations for human and veterinary health. Moreover, B. licheniformis strains are known producers of various bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects. In searching for new potentially beneficial bacteria for oral health, the inhibitory effect of B. licheniformis strains isolated from canine dental biofilm against pathogenic oral bacteria was evaluated. The antimicrobial effect of neutralized cell-free supernatants (nCFS) was assessed in vitro on polystyrene microtiter plates. Furthermore, molecular and morphological analyses were executed to evaluate the production of bioactive substances. To determine the nature of antimicrobial substance present in nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP, nCFS was exposed to the activity of various enzymes. The nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the growth of Porphyromonas gulae 3/H, Prevotella intermedia 1/P and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. On the other hand, B. licheniformis A-2-11B-AP only significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the growth of P. intermedia 1/P and S. mutans ATCC 35668. However, enzyme-treated nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP did not lose its antimicrobial effect and significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790. Further studies are needed for the identification of antimicrobial substances.
PubMed: 36013417
DOI: 10.3390/life12081238