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Life (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Bacillus licheniformis is used in a broad spectrum of areas, including some probiotic preparations for human and veterinary health. Moreover, B. licheniformis strains...
Bacillus licheniformis is used in a broad spectrum of areas, including some probiotic preparations for human and veterinary health. Moreover, B. licheniformis strains are known producers of various bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects. In searching for new potentially beneficial bacteria for oral health, the inhibitory effect of B. licheniformis strains isolated from canine dental biofilm against pathogenic oral bacteria was evaluated. The antimicrobial effect of neutralized cell-free supernatants (nCFS) was assessed in vitro on polystyrene microtiter plates. Furthermore, molecular and morphological analyses were executed to evaluate the production of bioactive substances. To determine the nature of antimicrobial substance present in nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP, nCFS was exposed to the activity of various enzymes. The nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the growth of Porphyromonas gulae 3/H, Prevotella intermedia 1/P and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. On the other hand, B. licheniformis A-2-11B-AP only significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the growth of P. intermedia 1/P and S. mutans ATCC 35668. However, enzyme-treated nCFS of B. licheniformis A-1-5B-AP did not lose its antimicrobial effect and significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790. Further studies are needed for the identification of antimicrobial substances.
PubMed: 36013417
DOI: 10.3390/life12081238 -
Caries Research 2023Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected...
Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque, or calculus. A range of porphyrins have been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It is not clear which of these porphyrins are produced by individual oral bacteria or whether this ability depends on other factors. This study examined and compared the fluorescence spectra produced by selected cultured oral bacteria when grown on agars containing different nutrients with spectra for protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, haematoporphyrin, and haematin. Actinomyces israelii (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen [DSM], 43320), Actinomyces naeslundii (DSM 43013), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSM, 20482), Lactobacillus casei (DSM, 20011), Prevotella intermedia (DSM, 20706), Streptococcus mutans (DSM, 20523), Streptococcus oralis (DSM, 20627), Streptococcus salivarius (DSM, 20560) and Streptococcus sobrinus (DSM, 20742) were rehydrated and grown anaerobically on caso, caso blood (containing 5% sheep blood), and caso chlorophyll (containing 5% spinach extract) agar for 3 days at 37°C in the dark. Colonies were harvested, transferred to ethanol, and centrifuged. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the supernatant at 405 nm excitation (Fluorolog 3-22, Jobin Yvon-Spex ISA, Edison, NJ, USA). All Streptococci, L. casei, and F. nucleatum produced red fluorescence when grown on caso and caso chlorophyll agar but not on caso blood agar. A. naeslundii and P. intermedia emitted intense red fluorescence when grown on caso or caso blood agar but not on caso chlorophyll agar. Fluorescence emission spectra of A. naeslundii and P. intermedia grown on caso blood agar correlated exactly with both fluorescence peaks for protoporphyrin-IX at 632 and 701 nm. Most peaks observed could be correlated with at least one of the emission peaks of protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, or haematoporphyrin. Oral bacteria emitted red fluorescence matching known porphyrins, but this depended on nutrients available in the agar.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Porphyrins; Agar; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Streptococcus mutans; Culture Media; Chlorophyll; Actinomyces
PubMed: 36529123
DOI: 10.1159/000528731 -
BioMed Research International 2020A functional interplay between BAs and microbial composition in gut is a well-documented phenomenon. In bile, this phenomenon is far less studied, and with this report,...
BACKGROUND
A functional interplay between BAs and microbial composition in gut is a well-documented phenomenon. In bile, this phenomenon is far less studied, and with this report, we describe the interactions between the BAs and microbiota in this complex biological matrix. . Thirty-seven gallstone disease patients of which twenty-one with infection were enrolled in the study. The bile samples were obtained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease operative treatment. Common bile acid composition was measured by LC-MS/MS. Gallbladder microbiota were previously analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform. The associations between bile acid composition and microbiota were analyzed.
RESULTS
Bile acid signature and infection status exert influence on beta-diversity of bile microbial community. Direct correlations were found between taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations, and alpha-diversity of bile microbiota. Taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid both show positive associations with the presence of Chitinophagaceae family, Microbacterium and Lutibacterium genera, and Prevotella intermedia. Also, direct associations were identified for taurocholic acid concentration and the presence of Actinomycetales and Bacteroidales orders, Lautropia genus, Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae as well as for taurochenodeoxycholic acid and Acetobacteraceae family and Sphingomonas genus. There were no differences in bile acid concentrations between infected and noninfected patients. . Associations between diversity, taxonomic profile of bile microbiota, and bile acid levels were evidenced in patients with cholelithiasis. Increase of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid concentration correlates with bile microbiota alpha-diversity and appearance of opportunistic pathogens.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Ducts; Biodiversity; Cholelithiasis; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis
PubMed: 32714973
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1242364 -
Anti-Early Stage of Bacterial Recolonization Effect of Extract as Photodynamic Adjunctive Treatment.International Journal of Dentistry 2020To evaluate the amount of () and () on subgingival recolonized plaque after mechanical debridement and photodynamic treatment by using blue light-emitting diodes...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the amount of () and () on subgingival recolonized plaque after mechanical debridement and photodynamic treatment by using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in combination with topical gel extract.
METHODS
A total of 12 subjects with stage III grade B periodontitis were recruited for the study. Maxillary posterior teeth with periodontal pocket >4 mm were selected. These teeth were examined for periodontal clinical data at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment. All remaining teeth were treated by scaling and root planing (SRP). Then, the teeth were bilaterally divided using randomized split-mouth design with and without photodynamic adjunctive therapy (PDT). Samples of the subgingival microbiota were obtained in each visit. All samples were analyzed by multicolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of target bacteria.
RESULTS
Throughout the six-week follow-up, long-term improvement of probing depth and bleeding on probing was revealed on the PDT group. The number of subgingival and also significantly reduced, compared to the baseline. There was a statistically significant recolonization in and number after 2 and 4 weeks of conventional SRP, respectively. Our quantitative PCR method showed no significant recolonization of those subgingival bacteria on PDT sites throughout the 6-week study duration.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that adjunctive photodynamic treatment by using blue LEDs in combination with topical gel extract was effective to alter the recolonization patterns of and after conventional debridement.
PubMed: 33381183
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8823708 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2024Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential...
BACKGROUND
Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential role of oral and gastric microbiota in early-stage intramucosal esophageal squamous carcinoma (EIESC).
METHOD
A total of 104 samples were collected from 31 patients with EIESC and 21 healthy controls. The compositions of oral and gastric microbiota were analyzed using 16 S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to assess taxonomic differences between groups. The correlation between oral microbiota and clinicopathological factors was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, co-occurrence networks were established and random forest models were utilized to identify significant microbial biomarkers for distinguishing between the EIESC and control groups.
RESULTS
A total of 292 oral genera and 223 species were identified in both EIESC and healthy controls. Six oral genera were remarkably enriched in EIESC groups, including the genera Porphyromonas, Shigella, Subdoligranulum, Leptotrichia, Paludibacter, and Odoribacter. LEfSe analysis identified genera Porphyromonas and Leptotrichia with LDA scores > 3. In the random forest model, Porphyromonas endodontalis ranked the top microbial biomarker to differentiate EIESC from controls. The elimination rate of Porphyromonas endodontalis from the oral cavity to the stomach was also dramatically decreased in the EIESC group than controls. In the microbial co-occurrence network, Porphyromonas endodontalis was positively correlated with Prevotella tannerae and Prevotella intermedia and was negatively correlated with Veillonella dispar.
CONCLUSION
Our study potentially indicates that the dysbacteriosis of both the oral and gastric microbiome was associated with EIESC. Larger scale studies and experimental animal models are urgently needed to confirm the possible role of microbial dysbacteriosis in the pathogenesis of EIESC. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center, ChiCTR2200063464, Registered 07 September 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178563).
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Mouth; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38491387
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03233-4 -
International Dental Journal Mar 2024Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain...
OBJECTIVE
Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association may be significant in planning preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association amongst academic stress, periodontal health, and salivary cortisol and nitrite and nitrate levels in a sample of university students.
METHODS
Participants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Full Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -0.07; P = .012; CI, -0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, -7.32 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.
PubMed: 38538383
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.003 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2023The stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is critical in orthodontic clinics. The failure of TADs is multifactorial, and the role of the oral microbiome has...
BACKGROUND
The stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is critical in orthodontic clinics. The failure of TADs is multifactorial, and the role of the oral microbiome has not been clearly defined. Herein, we attempted to analyze the contribution of the oral microbiome to the failure of TADs.
METHODS
Next-generation sequencing was adopted for analyzing the microbiome on the TADs from orthodontic patients. 29 TADs (15 failed TADs and 14 successful TADs) were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 135 TADs (62 failed TADs and 73 successful TADs) were collected to conduct metagenomic sequencing. Additionally, 34 verified samples (18 failed TADs and 16 successful TADs) were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS
Successful and failed TADs demonstrated discrepancies in microbiome structure, composition, and function. Clear separations were found in β-diversity in 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as metagenomic sequencing (p < 0.05). Metagenomic sequencing showed that Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Parvimonas spp., Neisseria elongata, and Catonella morbi were enriched in the failed groups. qRT-PCR also demonstrated that the absolute bacteria load of Prevotella intermedia was higher in failed TADs (p < 0.05). Considering functional aspects, the failed group showed enriched genes involved in flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study illustrated the compositional and functional differences of microorganisms found on successful and failed TADs, indicating that controlling bacterial adhesion on the surface of TADs is essential for their success rate.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Orthodontic Appliance Design; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota
PubMed: 36650527
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02715-7 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the occurrence and progression of oral cancer. To investigate the association between the microbiota and risk of oral...
Oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the occurrence and progression of oral cancer. To investigate the association between the microbiota and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we identified the microbial composition of paired tumor (TT)/normal paracancerous tissues (NPT) and saliva (TS) samples in OSCC patients through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 22 phyla, 321 genera, and 869 species were identified in the oral samples. Paired comparisons revealed significant differences between TT, NPT, and TS groups, with the genus significantly enriched in TT. The phylum Actinobacteria; genus ; and species , , and were significantly enriched in NPT, while the phylum Bacteroidetes; genera , , and ; and seven species, including sp., sp., and sp., were significantly enriched in TS. In TTs, the abundance of was profoundly higher in the gingiva, while and were enriched in the lining mucosa and tongue. Increasing in abundance from the early tumor stage to the late stage, in TT and sp. in TS were positively correlated with OSCC development, suggesting that bacteria were selected by different microenvironments. The correlation between 11 microbial species and 17 pathway abundances was revealed, indicating the potential function of low-abundance bacteria. Overall, our analysis revealed that multiple oral bacterial taxa are associated with a subsequent risk of OSCC and may be used as biomarkers for risk prediction and intervention in oral cancers.
PubMed: 34712209
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719601 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022Calcium silicate-based cements have diverse applications in endodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm action, biocompatibility, morphological structure,...
Calcium silicate-based cements have diverse applications in endodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm action, biocompatibility, morphological structure, chemical composition and radiopacity of Five Mineral Oxides (5MO), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA Repair HP), and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) cements. MTT analysis was used to test the antibiofilm action of these cements against five anaerobic microorganisms, and test their biocompatibility with mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblasts (MG-63) cultures. Their morphological structure and chemical composition were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the phase analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Conventional radiography was used to assess the radiopacity of the cements. 5MO, MTA Repair HP and MTA were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia, they were biocompatible with macrophages and osteoblasts after 5 min of contact, and they had adequate radiopacity to be used clinically. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is used as a radiopacifier in MTA and 5MO, and calcium tungstate, in MTA Repair HP. Titanium dioxide (TiO) (ANATASE) is responsible for the antimicrobial action and biocompatibility of 5MO.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Aluminum Compounds; Bismuth; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minerals; Oxides; Silicates
PubMed: 35986029
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17854-0 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Fusobacteria are common obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the oral cavity that may act as a bridge between early and late colonizing bacteria in dental...
Fusobacteria are common obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the oral cavity that may act as a bridge between early and late colonizing bacteria in dental plaque and have a role in oral and extra-oral infections. has a crucial role in oral biofilm structure and ecology, as revealed in experimental and clinical biofilm models. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various species on biofilm formation and structure in three different oral biofilm models namely a supragingival, a supragingival "feeding", and a subgingival biofilm model. The standard six-species supragingival and "feeding" biofilm models employed contained , , , , , and sp. The subgingival biofilm model contained 10 species (, , ssp. , , , , , , , and ). Six different species or subspecies, respectively, were tested namely ssp. , ssp. , ssp. , ssp. , , and ). Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite disks in 24-well culture dishes. After 64 h, biofilms were either harvested and quantified by culture analysis or proceeded to fluorescent hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). All species tested established well in the biofilms, with CFUs ranging from 1.4E+04 ( ssp. ) to 5.6E+06 ( ssp. ). The presence of specific sp./ssp. induced a significant decrease in levels in the supragingival model and in levels in the "feeding" supragingival model. In the subgingival model, the counts of , , , , and significantly decreased in the presence of specific sp./ssp. Collectively, this study showed variations in the growing capacities of different fusobacteria within biofilms, affecting the growth of surrounding species and potentially the biofilm architecture. Hence, clinical or experimental studies need to differentiate between sp./ssp., as their biological properties may well vary.
PubMed: 31417514
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01716