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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations,...
INTRODUCTION
The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations, sparse efforts have been made to characterize the microbes associated with thyroid cancer. In this study, we examine the microbial profile of thyroid cancer.
METHODS
We sequenced the whole transcriptome of 70 thyroid cancers (40 papillary and 30 anaplastic). Using Infectious Pathogen Detector IPD 2.0, we analysed the relative abundance of 1060 microbes across 70 tumours from patients with thyroid cancer against 118 tumour samples from patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, and tongue cancer.
RESULTS
Our analysis reveals a significant prevalence of in 58.6% thyroid cancer samples compared to other cancer types (). Immune cell fraction analysis between thyroid cancer samples with high and low loads identify enrichment of immunosuppressive cells, including Tregs (), and other anti-inflammatory cytokines in the tumour microenvironment, suggesting an immune evasion/immunosuppression is associated with the infection. A higher burden of was also found to be associated with poor survival defining a distinct sub-group of thyroid cancer.
CONCLUSION
is associated with immune suppression and poor prognosis in a subpopulation of thyroid cancer. This study may help design novel therapeutic measures involving appropriate antibiotics to manage the disease better.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Sequence; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38027096
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1152514 -
Infection and Immunity Mar 2021role is well described during acne but remains a mystery regarding its implication in bone and prosthesis or cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. The main issue is... (Review)
Review
role is well described during acne but remains a mystery regarding its implication in bone and prosthesis or cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. The main issue is that these low-grade symptom infections are difficult to diagnose and lead to irreversible and grave sequelae for patients. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers to accelerate the diagnosis of disease, an issue addressed by Beaver et al. thanks to a promising proteomic approach.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Biofilms; Biomarkers; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 33468579
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00753-20 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Antimicrobial chemicals are used as preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in the products. Unintentional...
Antimicrobial chemicals are used as preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in the products. Unintentional exposure in humans to such chemicals is well documented, but whether they also interfere with human oral microbiome composition is largely unexplored. In this study, we explored whether the oral bacterial composition is affected by exposure to antibacterial and environmental chemicals. Gingival fluid, urine, and interview data were collected from 477 adults (18-47 years) from the RHINESSA study in Bergen, Norway. Urine biomarkers of triclosan, triclocarban, parabens, benzophenone-3, bisphenols, and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenols (DCPs) were quantified (by mass spectrometry). Microbiome analysis was based on 16S amplicon sequencing. Diversity and differential abundance analyses were performed to identify how microbial communities may change when comparing groups of different chemical exposure. We identified that high urine levels (>75th percentile) of propyl parabens were associated with a lower abundance of bacteria genera , and , as compared with low propylparaben levels (<25 percentile). High exposure to ethylparaben was associated with a higher abundance of . High urine levels of bisphenol A were associated with a lower abundance of and exposure to another environmental chemical, 2,4-DCP, was associated with a lower abundance of , and . High exposure to antibacterial and environmental chemicals was associated with an altered composition of gingiva bacteria; mostly commensal bacteria in the oral cavity. Our results highlight a need for a better understanding of how antimicrobial chemical exposure influences the human microbiome.
PubMed: 35572708
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.790496 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022(Black ginger) is used widely in medical fields as an anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo...
(Black ginger) is used widely in medical fields as an anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-acne efficacy of black ginger extract. The results indicate that the methanol and ethanol extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents, without a significant difference, whereas the -hexane extract showed the highest total flavonoid content. Nine flavones were detected using UPLC-QTOF-MS, and the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest amount of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) according to HPLC. Antibacterial activity against , , and was observed. All the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes, revealing MICs in the range of 0.015 to 0.030 mg/mL, whereas the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth of with a MIC of 3.84 mg/mL. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity regarding nitric oxide inhibition (IC50 = 12.59 ± 0.35 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate extract was shown to be safe regarding cell viability at 0.1 mg/mL. The anti-acne efficacy was evaluated on volunteers. The volunteers were treated in two groups: one administered a 0.02% ethyl acetate extract gel-cream (n = 9) and one administered a placebo (n = 9) for 6 weeks. The group treated with the gel-cream containing the extract showed 36.52 and 52.20% decreases in acne severity index (ASI) after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, and 18.19 and 18.54% decreases in erythema, respectively. The results suggest that could be a potent active ingredient in anti-inflammatory and anti-acne products.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Rhizome; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Zingiberaceae
PubMed: 35889274
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144401 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2021Two experiments evaluated the effect of supplementation with a bacterial direct-fed microbial on performance and apparent total-tract nutrient digestion of dairy cows....
Two experiments evaluated the effect of supplementation with a bacterial direct-fed microbial on performance and apparent total-tract nutrient digestion of dairy cows. In experiment 1, 30 multiparous cows (75 ± 32 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments fed for 10 wk. All cows were fed a diet containing 23.8% starch. Treatments were top dressed to rations twice daily and consisted of a combination of Lactobacillus animalis (1 × 10 cfu/d) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (2 × 10 cfu/d; LAPF) or carrier alone (CON). In experiment 2, 6 ruminally cannulated cows (123 ± 129 d in milk) were randomly assigned to a crossover design with two 6-wk periods. Cows received the same CON or LAPF treatment as in experiment 1. Cows were fed the same 23.8% starch diet as experiment 1 during wk 1 through 5 of each period, and then cows were abruptly switched to a 31.1% starch diet for wk 6. For both experiments, intake and milk yield were measured daily, and milk samples were collected weekly. In experiment 1, fecal grab samples were collected every 6 h on d 7 of experimental wk 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Fecal consistency was scored, and fecal starch was measured in daily composite samples. Fecal composites from a subset of 7 cows per treatment were used to measure apparent total-tract nutrient digestion. In experiment 2, rumen pH was continuously recorded during wk 5 and 6. On d 7 of wk 5 (the final day of feeding the 23.8% starch ration), d 1 of wk 6 (the day of diet transition), and d 7 of wk 6 (the final day of feeding the 31.1% starch ration), rumen in situ digestion was determined. Samples of rumen fluid and feces were collected every 6 h on those days for measurement of fecal starch (composited by cow within day), rumen volatile fatty acids, and fecal pH. Rumen and fecal samples were collected at one time point on those days for microbiota assessment. In experiment 1, treatment did not affect intake, milk yield, milk composition, or fecal score. The LAPF treatment decreased fecal starch percentage and tended to increase starch digestion compared with CON, but the differences were very small (0.59 vs. 0.78% and 98.74 vs. 98.46%, respectively). Digestion of other nutrients was unaffected. In experiment 2, LAPF increased rumen pH following the abrupt switch to the high-starch diet, but milk yield was lower for LAPF compared with CON (35.7 vs. 33.2 kg/d). Contrary to the decrease in fecal starch with LAPF observed in experiment 1, fecal starch tended to be increased by LAPF following the abrupt ration change in experiment 2 (2.97 vs. 2.15%). Few effects of treatment on rumen and fecal microbial populations were detectable. Under the conditions used in our experiments, addition of the bacterial direct-fed microbials did not have a marked effect on animal performance, ruminal measures, or total-tract nutrient digestion.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Feces; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Milk; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Rumen
PubMed: 33612206
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19291 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Feb 2022Tailored skin microbiome modulation approaches with probiotics are highly challenging. Here, we show that lactobacilli are underestimated members of the skin microbiota....
Tailored skin microbiome modulation approaches with probiotics are highly challenging. Here, we show that lactobacilli are underestimated members of the skin microbiota. We select specific strains of nomadic lactobacilli for their functional applicability on the skin and capacity to inhibit growth and inflammation by skin pathobionts. The strains are formulated as microcapsules for topical formulations and tested in patients with mild-to-moderate acne. The selected lactobacilli are able to reduce inflammatory lesions in a pilot and placebo-controlled study. Daily application for 8 weeks is associated with an temporary modulation of the microbiome, including a reduction in relative abundance of staphylococci and , and an increase in lactobacilli. The reduction in inflammatory lesions is still apparent 4 weeks after the topical application of the lactobacilli ended, indicating a possible additional immunomodulatory effect. This study shows that carefully selected and formulated lactobacilli are a viable therapeutic option for common acne lesions.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Inflammation; Lactobacillus; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 35243421
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100521 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2021A 29-year-old man with a history of congenital aortic stenosis and mechanical aortic valve replacement with previous prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) presented with...
A 29-year-old man with a history of congenital aortic stenosis and mechanical aortic valve replacement with previous prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) presented with a 2-week history of fevers and night sweats. Transoesophageal echocardiogram revealed a 0.6 cm×0.5 cm vegetation on the mechanical aortic valve. An anaerobic blood culture became positive for 6 days after the blood cultures were obtained. He did not have any surgical intervention. He was successfully treated with 6 weeks of ceftriaxone, followed by chronic suppression with oral doxycycline. Despite its low virulence, a growing number of PVE cases have been reported, owing to its biofilm production. When clinical suspicion is high, extending culture incubation duration beyond the standard 5 days might be helpful. Most cases are treated with surgical repair or replacement in conjunction with antibiotics, but medical therapy alone has been documented as being successful.
Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 34326116
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243878 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Sep 2021Skin is the first line of defense against harmful external environmental factors. Skin flora living on the skin surface impact skin health and skin disease. Bacteria,...
BACKGROUND
Skin is the first line of defense against harmful external environmental factors. Skin flora living on the skin surface impact skin health and skin disease. Bacteria, form part of the unique and complex skin micro-ecological system. For example, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a member of the anaerobic organisms and is involved in the induction of skin acne. It produces porphyrins that absorb ultraviolet light and emit red fluorescence in response. As a result, fluorescence surveillance of the skin can be important in both the diagnosis of skin acne and the evaluation of therapeutic effects. Many different measurement methods for single skin biophysical properties have been reported.. This study focused on the age-dependent changes in porphyrins for normal skin, and developed a novel algorithm to evaluate porphyrins using the fluorescence images by image processing quantitatively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extraction algorithm was proposed for the segmentation of porphyrin fluorescence images in OpenCV. The algorithm consisted primarily of preprocessing, conversion from RGB color space to HSV color space, and classification of fluorescence. There are 3595 healthy Japanese aged 16-85 years enrolled in the study and fluorescence images were acquired from their cheek sites under 375 nm UV-LED excitation. Age-related fluorescence variation was conducted applying the algorithm implemented.
RESULTS
A new extraction algorithm has been proposed with fluorescence image input and three indexes output, including the number of fluorescence, area of fluorescence, and mean intensity of fluorescence. Proposed algorithm was verified by three parameters, the accuracy, sensitivity, and precision, which refer to the ability of algorithm to detect the number of fluorescence correctly and repeatedly. The verification results were 71%, 72%, and 88% respectively, taking a validly fundamental step for skin health record and analysis. Furthermore, large-scale fluorescence image segmentation results revealed that similar trends were coming out for all three indexes in cheek as people get older. All the fluorescence number, area and mean intensity arrived at the highest at 30 years old and fell off since then.
CONCLUSION
The number, area, and fluorescence intensity of porphyrins can be extracted well from fluorescence images with the proposed algorithm in the study, which has the potential to aid in thediagnosis of skin acne and predict skin conditions as an assisted tool. It is implicated that fluorescence status is influenced by age, which rises to the peak around 30 years old for normal cheek's skin.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photography; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34129959
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102388 -
Communications Biology Sep 2022Human skin is populated by trillions of microbes collectively called the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes are among the most abundant...
Human skin is populated by trillions of microbes collectively called the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes are among the most abundant members of this ecosystem, with described roles in skin health and disease. However, knowledge regarding the health beneficial effects of these ubiquitous skin residents is still limited. Here, we profiled the staphylococcal and C. acnes landscape across four different skin sites of 30 individuals (120 skin samples) using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Relative abundance profiles obtained indicated the existence of phylotype-specific co-existence and exclusion scenarios. Co-culture experiments with 557 staphylococcal strains identified 30 strains exhibiting anti-C. acnes activities. Notably, staphylococcal strains were found to selectively exclude acne-associated C. acnes and co-exist with healthy skin-associated phylotypes, through regulation of the antimicrobial activity. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of skin-resident staphylococci and suggest that selective microbial interference is a contributor to healthy skin homeostasis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 36071129
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03897-6 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-associated morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old in low-and-middle-income...
INTRODUCTION
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-associated morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old in low-and-middle-income countries. There is no effective treatment and no vaccine. New therapeutics are emerging from drug discovery efforts. It is critical that mode of action studies are performed alongside drug discovery to ensure the best clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, technology to identify and validate drug targets for is severely lacking.
METHODS
We used lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) and DDD01510706 as a target-compound pair to develop both chemical and genetic tools for mode of action studies for . We adapted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) for , an unbiased approach for target identification.
RESULTS
Using TPP we identified the molecular target of DDD01510706 and confirm that it is KRS. Genetic tools confirm that KRS is expressed throughout the life cycle and that this target is essential for parasite survival. Parasites genetically modified to over-express KRS or parasites with a mutation at the compound-binding site are resistant to treatment with DDD01510706. We leveraged these mutations to generate a second drug selection marker for genetic modification of , KRS. This second selection marker is interchangeable with the original selection marker, Neo, and expands the range of reverse genetic approaches available to study parasite biology. Due to the sexual nature of the life cycle, parental strains containing different drug selection markers can be crossed .
DISCUSSION
Selection with both drug markers produces highly efficient genetic crosses (>99% hybrid progeny), paving the way for forward genetics approaches in .
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Lysine-tRNA Ligase; Binding Sites; Diarrhea; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37600947
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1236814