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International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of both BPH and PCa. However, potential stimuli that cause or maintain inflammation in the prostate gland are still poorly characterized. Bacterial infections seems to be one of the potential sources of prostatitis. Recent studies show that is the most prevalent microorganism in the prostate gland and may be a predisposing factor for inflammation of prostatic tissue. It indicates that may contribute to cancer development by enhancing proinflammatory responses, as well as by modifying the prostate extracellular environment. In this review, we discuss the potential role of in the development of BPH and PCa and highlight the importance of regulatory T CD4(+)FoxP3(+) (Treg) and Th17 cells in response to infection in the context of both prostate diseases.
Topics: Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 36012113
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168849 -
PeerJ 2021The shrimp gut is a long digestive structure that includes the Foregut (stomach), Midgut (hepatopancreas) and Hindgut (intestine). Each component has different...
The shrimp gut is a long digestive structure that includes the Foregut (stomach), Midgut (hepatopancreas) and Hindgut (intestine). Each component has different structural, immunity and digestion roles. Given these three gut digestive tract components' significance, we examined the bacterial compositions of the Foregut, Hindgut, and Midgut digestive fractions. Those bacterial communities' structures were evaluated by sequencing the V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, while the functions were predicted by PICRUSt2 bioinformatics workflow. Also, to avoid contamination with environmental bacteria, shrimp were maintained under strictly controlled conditions. The pairwise differential abundance analysis revealed differences among digestive tract fractions. The families Rhodobacteraceae and Rubritalaceae registered higher abundances in the Foregut fraction, while in the Midgut, the families with a higher proportion were Aeromonadaceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Propionibacteriaceae. Finally, the Cellulomonadaceae family resulted in a higher proportion in the Hindgut. Regarding the predicted functions, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were the primary functions registered for Foregut microbiota; conversely, pathways associated with the metabolism of lipids, terpenoids and polyketides, were detected in the Midgut fraction. In the Hindgut, pathways like the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins along with energy metabolism were enriched. Structural changes were followed by significant alterations in functional capabilities, suggesting that each fraction's bacteria communities may carry out specific metabolic functions. Results indicate that white shrimp's gut microbiota is widely related to the fraction analyzed across the digestive tract. Overall, our results suggest a role for the dominant bacteria in each digestive tract fraction, contributing with a novel insight into the bacterial community.
PubMed: 34414030
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11827 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Bacillus circulans (B. circulans) is widely used as an electrogenic bacterium in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. This study evaluated whether B. circulans can...
Bacillus circulans (B. circulans) is widely used as an electrogenic bacterium in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. This study evaluated whether B. circulans can ferment glucose to generate electricity and mitigate the effects of human skin pathogens. The electricity production of B. circulans was examined by measuring the voltage difference and verified using a ferrozine assay in vitro. To investigate the fermentation effects of B. circulans on inhibition of human skin pathogens, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) was injected intradermally into mice ears to induce an inflammatory response. The results revealed that the glucose-B. circulans co-culture enhanced electricity production and significantly supressed C. acnes growth. The addition of roseoflavin to inhibit flavin production considerably reduced the electrical energy generated by B. circulans through metabolism and, in vivo test, recovered C. acnes count and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) levels. This suggests that B. circulans can generate electrons that affect the growth of C. acnes through flavin-mediated electron transfer and alleviate the resultant inflammatory response. Our findings demonstrate that probiotics separated from natural substances and antimicrobial methods of generating electrical energy through carbon source fermentation can help in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Electrons; Honey; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Probiotics; Flavins; Glucose
PubMed: 36357775
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23848-9 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nov 2021Acne is a common skin disorder that involves an infection inside the hair follicle, which is usually treated with antibiotics, resulting in unbalanced skin microbiota...
BACKGROUND
Acne is a common skin disorder that involves an infection inside the hair follicle, which is usually treated with antibiotics, resulting in unbalanced skin microbiota and microbial resistance. For this reason, we developed polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating thymol, a natural active compound with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this work, optimization physicochemical characterization, biopharmaceutical behavior and therapeutic efficacy of this novel nanostructured system were assessed.
RESULTS
Thymol NPs (TH-NP) resulted on suitable average particle size below 200 nm with a surface charge around - 28 mV and high encapsulation efficiency (80%). TH-NP released TH in a sustained manner and provide a slow-rate penetration into the hair follicle, being highly retained inside the skin. TH-NP possess a potent antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and minor effect towards Staphylococcus epidermis, the major resident of the healthy skin microbiota. Additionally, the stability and sterility of developed NPs were maintained along storage.
CONCLUSION
TH-NP showed a promising and efficient alternative for the treatment of skin acne infection, avoiding antibiotic administration, reducing side effects, and preventing microbial drug resistance, without altering the healthy skin microbiota. Additionally, TH-NP enhanced TH antioxidant activity, constituting a natural, preservative-free, approach for acne treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Particle Size; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Thymol
PubMed: 34749747
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01092-z -
(+)--Δ-7,8-Dihydroxy-3,3',5'-Trimethoxy-8--4'-Neolignan, an Anti-Acne Component in Degreasing Houtt.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Acne is a common skin condition observed in adolescents. Nutmeg ( Houtt) (MF) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine; its major toxic components, safrole and...
Acne is a common skin condition observed in adolescents. Nutmeg ( Houtt) (MF) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine; its major toxic components, safrole and myristicin, are rich in essential oils. Essential oils of MF (MFO) were extracted by hydrodistillation; the residue was extracted using 50% methanol (MFE-M). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MFE-M against and was 0.64 mg. Four compounds were obtained from MFE-M: myristicin (), (+)--Δ-7,8- dihydroxy-3,3,5'-trimethoxy-8--4'-neolignan (), (+)-Δ-7-hydroxy-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxy 8--4-neolignan (), and e-Δ-7-acetoxy-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxy-8--4'-neolignan (). Compound exerted the strongest antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 6.25 and 3.12 μg/mL against and , respectively. Moreover, inhibited NO, PGE, iNOS, and COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS or heat-killed ; NO production at 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC) was 11.07 and 11.53 μg/mL, respectively. Myristicin and safrole content was higher in MFO than in MFE-M. MFO and MFE-M caused no skin irritation after a single topical application in Wistar rats. MFE-M, with low safrole and myristicin content, did not cause skin irritation and exhibited an anti-acne effect; moreover, was identified as the active substance. Therefore, MFE-M could be employed to develop anti-acne compounds for use in cosmetics.
Topics: Allylbenzene Derivatives; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dioxolanes; Female; Lignans; Myristica; Propionibacteriaceae; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Safrole; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 33036279
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194563 -
MSystems Feb 2023With growing awareness that what we put in and on our bodies affects our health and wellbeing, little is still known about the impact of textiles on the human skin....
With growing awareness that what we put in and on our bodies affects our health and wellbeing, little is still known about the impact of textiles on the human skin. Athletic wear often uses silver threading to improve hygiene, but little is known about its effect on the body's largest organ. In this study, we investigated the impact of such clothing on the skin's chemistry and microbiome. Samples were collected from different body sites of a dozen volunteers over the course of 12 weeks. The changes induced by the antibacterial clothing were specific for individuals, but more so defined by gender and body site. Unexpectedly, the microbial biomass on skin increased in the majority of the volunteers when wearing silver-threaded T-shirts. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. Both effects were mainly observed for women. The hallmark of the induced changes was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially in the upper back. Several microbe-metabolite associations were uncovered, including , detected in the upper back area, which was correlated with the distribution of MUFAs, and spp. found in the underarms, which were associated with a series of different bile acids. Overall, these findings point to a notable impact of the silver-threaded material on the skin microbiome and chemistry. We observed that relatively subtle changes in the microbiome result in pronounced shifts in molecular composition. The impact of silver-threaded material on human skin chemistry and microbiome is largely unknown. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. The major change was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids that were also correlated with . Additionally, spp., found in the underarms, were associated with different bile acids in the armpit samples. Overall, the impact of the silver-threaded clothing was gender and body site specific.
Topics: Humans; Female; Silver; Clothing; Skin; Textiles; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 36722970
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00922-22 -
STAR Protocols Jun 2022In this protocol, we describe a germ-free model to investigate anaerobic bacterial biofilms. We detail how to establish spp. biofilms in the fruit fly's gut using an...
In this protocol, we describe a germ-free model to investigate anaerobic bacterial biofilms. We detail how to establish spp. biofilms in the fruit fly's gut using an easy to carry out method. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bronnec and Alexeyev (2021) and Bronnec et al. (2022).
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Drosophila melanogaster; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 35496790
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101342 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2020In this issue of the , R. E. Bumgarner, D. Harrison, and J. E. Hsu (J Clin Microbiol 58:e00121-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00121-19) address in a retrospective...
In this issue of the , R. E. Bumgarner, D. Harrison, and J. E. Hsu (J Clin Microbiol 58:e00121-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00121-19) address in a retrospective analysis that clonality of isolates from deep tissue specimens obtained from patients during revision shoulder arthroplasty cannot be assumed. Given that multiple subtypes of isolates are present on and around the skin pilosebaceous follicles, the finding of multiple subtypes in deep tissues around a single patient's infected joint is not entirely surprising. However, the authors also challenge laboratorians to consider whether further assessment of isolates from the same joint should be performed and, if so, what testing should be undertaken.
Topics: Arthroplasty; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Retrospective Studies; Skin
PubMed: 31801840
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01638-19 -
Microbial Cell Factories Oct 2022Propionibacterium freudenreichii is used in biotechnological applications to produce vitamin B. Although cultured mainly in anaerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions...
BACKGROUND
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is used in biotechnological applications to produce vitamin B. Although cultured mainly in anaerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions can greatly enhance biomass formation in P. freudenreichii. Since B yields may be coupled to biomass formation, microaerobic conditions show great potential for increasing B yields in P. freudenreichii.
RESULTS
Here we show biomass formation increases 2.7 times for P. freudenreichii grown in microaerobic conditions on lactate versus anaerobic conditions (1.87 g/L vs 0.70 g/L). Consumption of lactate in microaerobic conditions resulted first in production of pyruvate, propionate and acetate. When lactate was depleted, pyruvate and propionate were oxidised with a concomitant sixfold increase in the B titer compared to anaerobic conditions, showing potential for propionate and pyruvate as carbon sources for B production. Consequently, a fed-batch reactor with anaerobically precultured lactate-grown cells was fed propionate in microaerobic conditions resulting in biomass increase and production of B. Vitamin yields increased from 0.3 [Formula: see text] B per mmol lactate in anaerobic conditions to 2.4 [Formula: see text] B per mmol lactate and 8.4 [Formula: see text] B per mmol propionate in microaerobic conditions. Yield per cell dry weight (CDW) increased from 41 [Formula: see text] per g CDW in anaerobic conditions on lactate to 92 [Formula: see text] per g CDW on lactate and 184 [Formula: see text] per g CDW on propionate in microaerobic conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Here we have shown both B yield per substrate and per CDW were highest on cells oxidising propionate in microaerobic conditions, showing the potential of propionate for biotechnological production of vitamin B by P. freudenreichii.
Topics: Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Propionates; Propionibacterium; Vitamin B 12; Lactic Acid; Pyruvates; Vitamins
PubMed: 36307780
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01945-8 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Jan 2024Although cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is closely associated with neck pain, its cause remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of cervical disc...
BACKGROUND
Although cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is closely associated with neck pain, its cause remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of cervical disc degeneration and discogenic neck pain induced by a low concentration of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes-L) is investigated to explore the possible mechanisms of cervical discogenic pain.
METHODS
Cervical IVD degeneration and discitis was induced in 8-week-old male rats in C3-C6 IVDs through the anterior intervertebral puncture with intradiscal injections of low and high concentrations of P. acnes (P. acnes-L, n = 20 and P. acnes-H, n = 15) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, n = 15), compared to control (injection with PBS, n = 20). The structural changes in the cervical IVD using micro-CT, histological evaluation, and gene expression assays after MRI scans at 2 and 6 weeks post-modeling. The P. acnes-L induced IVD degeneration model was assessed for cervical spine MRI, histological degeneration, pain-like behaviors (guarding behavior and forepaw von Frey), nerve fiber growth in the IVD endplate region, and DRG TNF-α and CGRP.
RESULTS
IVD injection with P. acnes-L induced IVD degeneration with decreased IVD height and MRI T2 values. IVD injection with P. acnes-H and S. aureus both lead to discitis-like changes on T2-weighted MRI, trabecular bone remodeling on micro-CT, and osseous fusion after damage in the cartilage endplate adjacent to the injected IVD. Eventually, rats in the P. acnes-L group exhibited significant nociceptive hypersensitivity, nerve fiber ingrowth was observed in the IVD endplate region, inflammatory activity in the DRG was significantly increased compared to the control group, and the expression of the pain neurotransmitter CGRP was significantly upregulated.
CONCLUSION
P. acnes-L was validated to induce cervical IVD degeneration and discogenic pain phenotype, while P. acnes-H induced was identified to resemble septic discitis comparable to those caused by S. aureus infection.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Propionibacterium acnes; Discitis; Neck Pain; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Staphylococcus aureus; Intervertebral Disc; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38297365
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03269-x