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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH...
Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH involves several different, partially overlapping processes, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and remodeling. Oxidative stress in WH contributes to WH impairment because of the overexpression of radical oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative action of a gel containing a extract (Emorsan Gel) and assess its skin re-epithelialization properties in a mouse model of WH. The scavenging effects of the bacterial extract were assessed in vitro through the ABTS and DPPH assays and in L-929 murine fibroblasts. The effects of the Emorsan Gel were studied in vivo in a murine model of WH. After WH induction, mice were treated daily with vehicle or Emorsan Gel for 6 or 12 days. According to the in vitro tests, the extract exerted an inhibitory effect on ROS and RNS, consequently leading to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels. Before proceeding with the in vivo study, the Emorsan Gel was verified to be unabsorbed. Therefore, the observed effects could be ascribed to a local action. The results obtained in vivo showed that through local reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), the Emorsan Gel significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells into the injured wound, leading to the amelioration of symptoms such as itch and skin irritation. Therefore, the Emorsan Gel improved the speed and percentage of wound area closure by improving the tissue remodeling process, prompting vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β production and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules. Emorsan Gel, by its ability to inhibit free radicals, could reduce local inflammation and oxidative stress, thus enhancing the speed of wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35563099
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094708 -
Journal of Orthopaedics and... Mar 2022Monocentric, prospective, observational study. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
STUDY DESIGN
Monocentric, prospective, observational study.
OBJECTIVE
The clinical relevance of bacterial colonization of intervertebral discs is controversial. This study aimed to determine a possible relationship between bacterial and viral colonization and low-grade infection of the discs.
METHODS
We investigated 447 disc samples from 392 patients. Microbiological culture was used to examine the samples for bacterial growth, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and histopathological analysis was used to detect signs of inflammation. The results were compared between subgroups organized according to gender, age, location of the samples, surgical approach, preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), preoperative and 6 months postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Modic changes (MC) of the corresponding endplates. Also, we assessed the occurrence of postoperative infections within 6 months.
RESULTS
Microbiological culture was positive in 38.78% of the analyzed intervertebral discs. Altogether, 180 bacteria were isolated. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) (23.41%) and Cutibacterium acnes (18.05%) were the most frequently detected microorganisms. None of HSV-1, HSV-2, or CMV were detected. Male patients (p = 0.00036) and cervical segments (p = 0.00001) showed higher rates of positive culture results. Ventral surgical approaches ( p < 0.001) and Type 2 MC (p = 0.0127) were significantly associated with a positive microbiological result ( p< 0.001). Neither pre- nor postoperative ODI and NDI are associated with positive culture results. In 4 (1.02%) patients, postoperative spondylodiscitis occurred.
CONCLUSIONS
With 447 segments from 392 patients, we present one of the largest studies to date. While disc degeneration caused by HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV seems unlikely, we found positive microbiological culture results in 38.78% of all discs. The role of local skin flora and sample contamination should be the focus of further investigations.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04712487, https://www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04712487 ).
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35303173
DOI: 10.1186/s10195-022-00633-y -
Science Advances Mar 2023Acne is an inflammatory skin disease mainly caused by , which can cause local inflammatory reactions and develop into chronic inflammatory diseases in severe cases. To...
Acne is an inflammatory skin disease mainly caused by , which can cause local inflammatory reactions and develop into chronic inflammatory diseases in severe cases. To avoid the use of antibiotics and to effectively treat the site of acne, we report a sodium hyaluronate microneedle patch that mediates the transdermal delivery of ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles for the effective treatment of acne. The patch contains nanoparticles formed by zinc porphyrin-based metal-organic framework and zinc oxide (ZnTCPP@ZnO). We demonstrated activated oxygen-mediated killing of with an antibacterial efficiency of 99.73% under 15 min of ultrasound irradiation, resulting in a decrease in levels of acne-related factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, and matrix metalloproteinases. The zinc ions up-regulated DNA replication-related genes, promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts and, consequently, skin repair. This research leads to a highly effective strategy for acne treatment through the interface engineering of ultrasound response.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Interleukins; Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36888703
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0854 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Mar 2022Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate disease as acute and chronic prostatic inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and...
OBJECTIVE
Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate disease as acute and chronic prostatic inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer although it should still be clarified if Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a commensal or accidental prostate pathogen. Aiming to evaluate the pathogenic potential for genitourinary tract of Propionibacterium acnes, we investigated the frequency of P. acnes genome in urine or semen samples from men with recurrent symptoms of urinary infection and negative testing for the most common urinary tract pathogens and sexually transmitted infections (STI) agents as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The DNA extracted from urine and semen samples was analyzed for evaluating the P. acnes genome presence by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infections were treated with vancomycin and cephalosporins antibiotics and then the search for the P.acnes genome by realtime PCR was repeated.
RESULTS
The P. acnes qualitative real-time PCR revealed the genome in 73 out of 159 samples examined (108 urine and 51 semen). After antibiotic therapy, P. acnes was never detected.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that P. acnes genome determination should be performed in cases of chronic inflammation in the urinary tract to identify an unknown potential pathogen of genitourinary tract.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Propionibacterium acnes; Semen; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 35352527
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2022.1.62 -
PloS One 2019Dandruff is a skin condition that affects the scalp of up to half the world's population, it is characterised by an itchy, flaky scalp and is associated with...
Dandruff is a skin condition that affects the scalp of up to half the world's population, it is characterised by an itchy, flaky scalp and is associated with colonisation of the skin by Malassezia spp. Management of this condition is typically via antifungal therapies, however the precise role of microbes in the aggravation of the condition are incompletely characterised. Here, a combination of 454 sequencing and qPCR techniques were used to compare the scalp microbiota of dandruff and non-dandruff affected Chinese subjects. Based on 454 sequencing of the scalp microbiome, the two most abundant bacterial genera found on the scalp surface were Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) and Staphylococcus, while Malassezia was the main fungal inhabitant. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of four scalp taxa (M. restricta, M. globosa, C. acnes and Staphylococcus spp.) believed to represent the bulk of the overall population was additionally carried out. Metataxonomic and qPCR analyses were performed on healthy and lesional buffer scrub samples to facilitate assessment of whether the scalp condition is associated with differential microbial communities on the sampled skin. Dandruff was associated with greater frequencies of M. restricta and Staphylococcus spp. compared with the healthy population (p<0.05). Analysis also revealed the presence of an unclassified fungal taxon that could represent a novel Malassezia species.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; China; Dandruff; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Malassezia; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Propionibacteriaceae; Scalp; Skin; Staphylococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 31851674
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225796 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2020Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is part of the normal flora of human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract and external ear canal. However, breach in the mucosa as well... (Review)
Review
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is part of the normal flora of human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract and external ear canal. However, breach in the mucosa as well as ruptured annulus fibrosus provide favorable pathway for P. acnes to nucleus pulposus where it can proliferate under anaerobic condition. In past two decades many authors have identified P. acnes in routine culture of discs. There studies showed that almost 50% of discs cultured were positive for various organism, and in vast majority of culture positive disc, P. acnes was the primary organism isolated. However, there are few studies that refute the hypothesis that P. acnes has a role in pathogenesis of Modic type 1 changes. Identification of P. acnes in culture indicates the infective patho-mechanism in the pathogenesis of Modic type 1 changes, which may be ameable to antibiotic treatment. However, it is still difficult to identify which subset of these patients (patients with low back pain with type 1 Modic change) are infective in nature. Further investigation and more clinical trails will be required for clear identification of the infective subgroup among low back patient in general. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 21-26, February, 2020.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 32378611
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.21 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder requiring treatment and management by dermatologists. Antibiotics such as clindamycin are commonly used to treat acne...
Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder requiring treatment and management by dermatologists. Antibiotics such as clindamycin are commonly used to treat acne vulgaris. However, from both medical and public health perspectives, the development of alternative remedies has become essential due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. Topical therapy is useful as a single or combined treatment for mild and moderate acne and is often employed as maintenance therapy. Thus, the current study investigated the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and restorative effects of sesquiterpene farnesol on acne vulgaris induced by () in vitro and in a rat model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of farnesol against was 0.14 mM, and the IC of 24 h exposure to farnesol in HaCaT keratinocytes was approximately 1.4 mM. Moreover, 0.8 mM farnesol exhibited the strongest effects in terms of the alleviation of inflammatory responses and abscesses and necrotic tissue repair in -induced acne lesions; 0.4 mM farnesol and clindamycin gel also exerted similar actions after a two-time treatment. By contrast, nearly doubling the tissue repair scores, 0.4 mM farnesol displayed great anti-inflammatory and the strongest reparative actions after a four-time treatment, followed by 0.8 mM farnesol and a commercial gel. Approximately 2-10-fold decreases in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, found by Western blot analysis, were predominantly consistent with the histopathological findings and tissue repair scores. The basal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel did not exert anti-inflammatory or reparative effects on rat acne lesions. Our results suggest that the topical application of a gel containing farnesol is a promising alternative remedy for acne vulgaris.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Farnesol; HaCaT Cells; Humans; Hypromellose Derivatives; Interleukins; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sesquiterpenes; Skin Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34577195
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185723 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Methanogenic sludge granules are densely packed, small, spherical biofilms found in anaerobic digesters used to treat industrial wastewaters, where they underpin...
Methanogenic sludge granules are densely packed, small, spherical biofilms found in anaerobic digesters used to treat industrial wastewaters, where they underpin efficient organic waste conversion and biogas production. Each granule theoretically houses representative microorganisms from all of the trophic groups implicated in the successive and interdependent reactions of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Information on exactly how methanogenic granules develop, and their eventual fate will be important for precision management of environmental biotechnologies. Granules from a full-scale bioreactor were size-separated into small (0.6-1 mm), medium (1-1.4 mm), and large (1.4-1.8 mm) size fractions. Twelve laboratory-scale bioreactors were operated using either small, medium, or large granules, or unfractionated sludge. After >50 days of operation, the granule size distribution in each of the small, medium, and large bioreactor sets had diversified beyond-to both bigger and smaller than-the size fraction used for inoculation. Interestingly, extra-small (XS; <0.6 mm) granules were observed, and retained in all of the bioreactors, suggesting the continuous nature of granulation, and/or the breakage of larger granules into XS bits. Moreover, evidence suggested that even granules with small diameters could break. "New" granules from each emerging size were analyzed by studying community structure based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. , , , and represented the majority of the community in new granules. H2-using, and not acetoclastic, methanogens appeared more important, and were associated with abundant syntrophic bacteria. Multivariate integration (MINT) analyses identified distinct discriminant taxa responsible for shaping the microbial communities in different-sized granules.
PubMed: 32582085
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01126 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Acne vulgaris is a type of chronic skin disorder caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Neutrophil extrinsic traps (NETs) play key role in many types of...
Acne vulgaris is a type of chronic skin disorder caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Neutrophil extrinsic traps (NETs) play key role in many types of inflammatory skin diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was reported modulate immune responses and neutrophil activity. Here, we explored the potential role of ADSCs and the potential mechanism associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in relieving acne vulgaris. In the P. acnes-infected ear skin model, histological staining was used to evaluate the inflammatory infiltration and NET formation in control, P. acnes, and P. acnes + ADSCs groups. Besides, western blot was used to detect the expression levels of cit-H3, MPO, and Nrf2 in ear tissue. In vitro, the immunofluorescence staining of MPO and cit-H3, and SYTOX green staining were performed to measure the NET formation. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and wound healing assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration abilities of keratinocytes. ELISA assay was utilized to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In P. acnes-infected ear skin, ADSC treatment significantly attenuated inflammation and NET formation via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. In vitro, the conditioned medium of ADSCs reduced the formation of P. acne-induced NETs. Besides, ADSCs could inhibit that the NETs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion of keratinocytes. Our study suggested that ADSCs could attenuate P. acne-related inflammation by inhibiting NET formation. This study provides a novel therapeutic perspective of ADSCs in combating acne vulgaris.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Traps; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Acne Vulgaris; Inflammation; Stem Cells; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 38233540
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51931-w -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2022Cutibacterium avidum, a human skin commensal bacterium, rarely causes infections. It has recently been shown that Cutibacterium acnes, another member of the genus, acts...
OBJECTIVES
Cutibacterium avidum, a human skin commensal bacterium, rarely causes infections. It has recently been shown that Cutibacterium acnes, another member of the genus, acts as an opportunistic pathogen in surgical site infections. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of C. avidum remain unknown.
METHODS
We investigated the epidemiological features and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. avidum isolated from patients with acne vulgaris and other infections.
RESULTS
Cutibacterium avidum strains were isolated from patients with acne vulgaris (29 strains) and other infections (12 strains). Clarithromycin and clindamycin resistance was observed in 65.9% (27/41) of strains. In addition, ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 34.1% (14/41) of strains, of which 13 also exhibited resistance to macrolides and clindamycin. Notably, the macrolide-clindamycin resistance gene erm(X) was found on the chromosome of 92.6% (25/27) of clindamycin-resistant strains and may be prevalent owing to transmission among C. avidum strains. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains developed amino acid substitutions in GyrA owing to the use of antimicrobial agents. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that only a few strains exhibited 100% similarity. Additionally, no clustering associated with antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-forming ability or type of infection was observed.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that erm(X) may be frequently disseminated in C. avidum, and multidrug-resistant C. avidum strains may colonise the skin of patients with acne vulgaris and other infections. Therefore, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant C. avidum and the use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other infections associated with C. avidum should be monitored.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Humans; Macrolides; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 35017069
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.12.021