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Cell Host & Microbe Feb 2022Cutibacterium acnes is found in the human skin microbiome. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Conwill et al. investigate the coexistence of C. acnes strains on the...
Cutibacterium acnes is found in the human skin microbiome. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Conwill et al. investigate the coexistence of C. acnes strains on the skin and find that the skin surface harbors multiple C. acnes lineages, but individual pores are dominated by an individual lineage.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 35143764
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.01.007 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2021Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for caries development in first permanent molar (FPM); nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of deciduous teeth caries on the microbiome of healthy FPM. Additionally, it remains unclear whether saliva can be used instead of supragingival plaque for caries microbial studies. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate this issue, and to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of healthy FPMs in children with different caries statuses and that from children with and without caries in a similar microhabitat, by PacBio sequencing. Currently, few studies have investigated the oral microbiome of children using this technique.
METHODS
Thirty children (aged 7-9 years) with mixed dentition were enrolled; 15 had dental caries, and 15 did not. Supragingival plaques of deciduous molars and maxillary FPMs, and non-stimulating saliva samples were collected. DNA was extracted and the v1-v9 regions of 16S rRNA were amplified. Subsequently, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed for microbiome identification.
RESULTS
The microbial alpha diversity of the saliva samples was lower than that of the supragingival plaque (p < 0.05); however, no differences were detected between deciduous teeth and FPMs (p > 0.05). In addition, the alpha and beta diversity of children with and without caries was also similar (p > 0.05). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Adonis analyses indicated that the microbial structure of salivary and supragingival plaque samples differ (p < 0.05). Further analysis of deciduous teeth plaque showed that Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in children with caries than in those without (p < 0.05); while in FPMs plaque, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children (p < 0.05). No differences in microorganisms abundance were found in the saliva subgroups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We have determined that supragingival plaque was the best candidate for studying carious microbiome. Furthermore, S. mutans, V. dispar, and P. acidifaciens were highly associated with deciduous teeth caries. S. noxia may be associated with the abiding health of FPM; however, this requires additional studies.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Selenomonas; Veillonella
PubMed: 34172026
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01683-0 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%)...
Effect of combining Zingiber officinale and Juglans regia extracts on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: antibiofilm action and low toxicity.
Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%) applied on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as analyzing the cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on mouse macrophages (Raw 264-7). Broth microdilution assay was performed (M7-A6 - CLSI). Anti-biofilm activities and cytotoxicity on Raw 264-7 were studied using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD applied for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis with Conover-Iman test, for non-parametric (p<0.05). On P. acnes biofilm, Z50% + J50% reduced 46.9% in 5 min and Z25% + J75% reduced 74.1% in 24hs. On S. aureus, Z75% + J25% reduced 23.1% in 5 min Z25% +J75% reduced 79.4% in 24hs. On S. epidermidis, Z75% + J25% reduced 74.6% in 5 min and 82.05% in 24 h. The treatments on macrophages for 24 h promoted a maximum reduction by 14,5% for groups of extracts associations. On multispecies biofilm, Z75%+J25% reduced 84.3% in 24 h. In conclusion association of glycolic extracts provided therapeutic effect, demonstrated antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Propionibacterium acnes; Zingiber officinale; Juglans; Staphylococcal Infections; Biofilms
PubMed: 36449895
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201133 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing...
Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing microbes, and one such plant extract is microwave-assisted extract (MA-OHE). The MA-OHE was loaded onto zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) and encapsulated in a Pickering emulsion system (MA-OHE/ZnAC PE) to evaluate its therapeutic potential against acne-inducing microbes. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize MA-OHE/ZnAC PE with a mean particle diameter of 353.97 nm and a PDI of 0.629. The antimicrobial effect of MA-OHE/ZnAC was evaluated against () and (), which contribute to acne inflammation. The antibacterial activity of MA-OHE/ZnAC was 0.1 and 0.025 mg/mL to and , respectively, which were close to naturally derived antibiotics. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of MA-OHE, ZnAC, and MA-OHE/ZnAC was tested, and the results showed that they had no cytotoxic effects on cultured human keratinocytes in a range of 10-100 μg/mL. Thus, MA-OHE/ZnAC is suggested to be a promising antimicrobial agent for treating acne-inducing microbes, while MA-OHE/ZnAC PE is a potentially advantageous dermal delivery system.
Topics: Humans; Emulsions; Staphylococcus aureus; Zinc; Acne Vulgaris; Keratinocytes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37298619
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119669 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the...
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the exploitation of phage endolysins. In the present study, a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine type-2 amidase (NALAA-2, EC 3.5.1.28) from bacteriophage PAC1 was characterized. The enzyme (Ami1) was cloned into a T7 expression vector and expressed in BL21 cells. Kinetics analysis using turbidity reduction assays allowed the determination of the optimal conditions for lytic activity against a range of Gram-positive and negative human pathogens. The peptidoglycan degradation activity of Ami1 was confirmed using isolated peptidoglycan from . The antibacterial activity of Ami1 was investigated using live cells growing on agar plates. Two engineered variants of Ami1 were designed by fusion to its N-terminus two short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). One AMP was selected by searching the genomes of bacteriophages using bioinformatics tools, whereas the other AMP sequence was selected from the antimicrobial peptide databases. Both engineered variants exhibited improved lytic activity towards and the enterococci species and . The results of the present study suggest that Ami1 is a new antimicrobial agent and provide proof of concept that bacteriophage genomes are a rich source of AMP sequences that can be further exploited for designing novel or improved endolysins.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Peptidoglycan; Escherichia coli; Endopeptidases; Siphoviridae; Bacteriophages; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37239874
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108523 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Dec 2019Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that often involves the formation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) biofilms. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be...
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that often involves the formation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) biofilms. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in inflammatory responses. However, it is unknown whether miRNAs play a role in the inflammatory reaction triggered by C. acnes biofilm. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-146a in biofilm-derived C. acnes-induced inflammatory responses. Increased expressions of miR-146a and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 were detected in acne lesions. In the presence of biofilm-derived C. acnes, TLR2 and its downstream NF-kB and MAPK pathways were activated in keratinocytes. Subsequently, miR-146a was upregulated in these cells along with the induction of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, our data indicates that miR-146a could directly bind the 3'-untranslated region of IRAK1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and suppress their expression, leading to an inhibition of biofilm-derived C. acnes-induced activation of NF-kB, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways. Overall, our results indicate that biofilm-derived C. acnes induces miR-146a, which can downregulate the production of IL-6, -8, and TNF-α in acne inflammation by inhibiting the TLR2/IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
Topics: Biofilms; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Keratinocytes; MicroRNAs; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31194941
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1161 -
Nucleic Acids Research Apr 2023Acne vulgaris is a chronic disfiguring skin disease affecting ∼1 billion people worldwide, often having persistent negative effects on physical and mental health. The...
Acne vulgaris is a chronic disfiguring skin disease affecting ∼1 billion people worldwide, often having persistent negative effects on physical and mental health. The Gram-positive anaerobe, Cutibacterium acnes is implicated in acne pathogenesis and is, therefore, a main target for antibiotic-based acne therapy. We determined a 2.8-Å resolution structure of the 70S ribosome of Cutibacterium acnes by cryogenic electron microscopy and discovered that sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic against Cutibacterium acnes, may inhibit two active sites of this bacterium's ribosome in contrast to the one site detected previously on the model ribosome of Thermus thermophilus. Apart from the canonical binding site at the mRNA decoding center, the second binding site for sarecycline exists at the nascent peptide exit tunnel, reminiscent of the macrolides class of antibiotics. The structure also revealed Cutibacterium acnes-specific features of the ribosomal RNA and proteins. Unlike the ribosome of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, Cutibacterium acnes ribosome has two additional proteins, bS22 and bL37, which are also present in the ribosomes of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We show that bS22 and bL37 have antimicrobial properties and may be involved in maintaining the healthy homeostasis of the human skin microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Propionibacterium acnes; Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomes; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 36864821
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad103 -
International Journal of Biological... 2022Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, affecting over 80% of adolescents. Inflammation is known to play a central role in acne development. Here, we aimed to...
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, affecting over 80% of adolescents. Inflammation is known to play a central role in acne development. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the central clock gene in acne-associated inflammation in mice. To this end, mice were injected intradermally with () to induce acne-associated skin inflammation. We found that and its target genes and were down-regulated in the skin of -treated mice, suggesting a role of in the condition of acne. Supporting this, -deleted or jet-lagged mice showed exacerbated -induced inflammation in the skin. Regulation of -induced inflammation by was further confirmed in RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse keratinocytes. Transcriptomic and protein expression analyses suggested that regulated -induced inflammation via the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, which is known to be repressed by REV-ERBα (a direct target of BMAL1). Moreover, loss of in mice exacerbated -induced inflammation. In addition, silencing attenuated the inhibitory effects of on -induced inflammation. knockdown failed to modulate -induced inflammation in -silenced cells. It was thus proposed that restrained -induced skin inflammation via its target REV-ERBα, which acts on the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis to repress inflammation. In conclusion, disruption is identified as a potential pathological factor of acne-associated inflammation. The findings increase our understanding of the crosstalk between skin clock and acne and suggest targeting circadian rhythms as a promising approach for management of acne.
Topics: ARNTL Transcription Factors; Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Inflammation; Mice; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35414779
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.71719 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations,...
INTRODUCTION
The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations, sparse efforts have been made to characterize the microbes associated with thyroid cancer. In this study, we examine the microbial profile of thyroid cancer.
METHODS
We sequenced the whole transcriptome of 70 thyroid cancers (40 papillary and 30 anaplastic). Using Infectious Pathogen Detector IPD 2.0, we analysed the relative abundance of 1060 microbes across 70 tumours from patients with thyroid cancer against 118 tumour samples from patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, and tongue cancer.
RESULTS
Our analysis reveals a significant prevalence of in 58.6% thyroid cancer samples compared to other cancer types (). Immune cell fraction analysis between thyroid cancer samples with high and low loads identify enrichment of immunosuppressive cells, including Tregs (), and other anti-inflammatory cytokines in the tumour microenvironment, suggesting an immune evasion/immunosuppression is associated with the infection. A higher burden of was also found to be associated with poor survival defining a distinct sub-group of thyroid cancer.
CONCLUSION
is associated with immune suppression and poor prognosis in a subpopulation of thyroid cancer. This study may help design novel therapeutic measures involving appropriate antibiotics to manage the disease better.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Sequence; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38027096
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1152514 -
Experimental Dermatology Feb 2020Although acne vulgaris has a multifactorial aetiology, comedogenesis and bacteria colonization of the pilosebaceous unit are known to play a major role in the onset of...
BACKGROUND
Although acne vulgaris has a multifactorial aetiology, comedogenesis and bacteria colonization of the pilosebaceous unit are known to play a major role in the onset of inflammatory acne lesions. However, many aspects remain poorly understood such as where and when is the early stage of the Propionibacterium acnes colonization in follicular unit? Our research aimed at providing a precise analysis of microcomedone's structure to better understand the interplay between Propionibacterium acnes and follicular units, and therefore, the role of its interplay in the formation of acne lesions.
METHODS
Microcomedones were sampled using cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping (CSSS). Their morphology was investigated with multiphoton imaging and their ultrastructure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bacterial lipase activity in the microcomedones was quantified using a dedicated enzymatic test as well as a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. The porphyrin produced by bacteria was analysed with HPTLC and fluorescence spectroscopy.
RESULTS
The imaging analysis showed that microcomedones' structure resembles a pouch, whose interior is mostly composed of lipids with clusters of bacteria and whose outer shell is made up of corneocyte layers. The extensive bacteria colonization is clearly visible using TEM. Even after sampling, clear lipase activity was still seen in the microcomedone. A high correlation, r = .85, was observed between porphyrin content measured with HPTLC and with fluorescence spectroscopy. These observations show that microcomedones, which are generally barely visible clinically, already contain a bacterial colonization.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Hair Follicle; Humans; Lipase; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Porphyrins; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 31863492
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14069