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Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jul 2022Acne is a chronic facial disease caused by Propionibacterium acnes, which proliferates within sebum-blocked skin follicles and increases inflammatory cytokine...
BACKGROUND
Acne is a chronic facial disease caused by Propionibacterium acnes, which proliferates within sebum-blocked skin follicles and increases inflammatory cytokine production. Several therapeutic drugs and products have been proposed to treat acne, yet no single treatment that ensures long-term treatment efficacy for all patients is available. Here, we explored the use of facial autologous fat transplant of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to dramatically reduce acne lesions.
METHODS
THP-1 cells were treated with active P. acnes for 24 h at different multiplicities of infection, and alterations in inflammatory factors were detected. To study the effect of THP-1 on inflammasome-related proteins, we first co-cultured ADSCs with THP-1 cells treated with P. acnes and evaluated the levels of these proteins in the supernatant. Further, an acne mouse model injected with ADSCs was used to assess inflammatory changes.
RESULTS
Propionibacterium acnes-mediated stimulation of THP-1 cells had a direct correlation with the expression of active caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β in an infection-dependent manner. ADSCs significantly reduced the production of IL-1β induced by P. acnes stimulation through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 pathway. The results showed that ADSCs inhibit the skin inflammation induced by P. acnes by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome via reducing the secretion of IL-1β in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that ADSCs can alter IL-1β secretion by restricting the production of mitochondria ROS, thereby inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses. This study indicates that anti-acne therapy can potentially be developed by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Topics: Animals; Caspase 1; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Propionibacterium acnes; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35871079
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03007-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022() is a common commensal bacterium that is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acne. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), as a favorable regulator of glucose...
() is a common commensal bacterium that is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acne. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), as a favorable regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, was recently shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The role and mechanism of FGF21 in the inflammatory reactions induced by , however, have not been determined. The present study shows that FGF21 in the dermis inhibits epidermal -induced inflammation in a paracrine manner while it functions on the epidermal layer through a receptor complex consisting of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-Klotho (KLB). The effects of FGF21 in heat-killed -induced HaCaT cells and living -injected mouse ears were examined. In the presence of , FGF21 largely counteracted the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), the downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways induced by . FGF21 also significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Taken together, these findings indicate that FGF21 suppresses -induced inflammation and might be used clinically in the management and treatment of acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Inflammation; Mice; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35408949
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073589 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2021Staphylococcus spp. and Cutibacterium acnes are members of the skin microbiome but can also act as pathogens. Particularly, Staphylococcus species are known to cause...
Staphylococcus spp. and Cutibacterium acnes are members of the skin microbiome but can also act as pathogens. Particularly, Staphylococcus species are known to cause medical devices-associated infections, and biofilm production is one of their main virulence factors. Biofilms allow bacteria to adhere and persist on surfaces, protecting them from antimicrobials and host defenses. Since both bacteria are found in the human skin, potentially competing for niches, we aimed to investigate if C. acnes produces molecules that affect Staphylococcus spp. biofilm formation and dispersal. Thus, we evaluated the impact of C. acnes cell-free conditioned media (CFCM) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, and S. lugdunensis biofilm formation. S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilm formation was significantly reduced with C. acnes CFCM without impact on their planktonic growth. C. acnes CFCM also significantly disrupted S. hominis established biofilms. The active molecules against S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilms appeared to be distinct since initial characterization points to different sizes and sensitivity to sodium metaperiodate, although the activity is highly resistant to heat in both cases. Mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions active against S. hominis revealed several potential candidates. Investigating how species present in the same environment interact, affecting the dynamics of biofilm formation, may reveal clinically useful compounds as well as molecular aspects of interspecies interactions.
Topics: Antibiosis; Biofilms; Culture Media, Conditioned; Humans; Propionibacteriaceae; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 34599747
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00617-w -
Current Research in Translational... 2023Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex obstetric complication with various causes and of great harm. However, the specific pathogenesis of FGR is unclear, which...
BACKGROUND
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex obstetric complication with various causes and of great harm. However, the specific pathogenesis of FGR is unclear, which limits its effective treatment. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was found to be important in pathogenesis of various diseases. However, its role in FGR development remains unclear and needs to be clarified.
METHODS
In our case-control study, we recruited eight FGR and eight control female participants and collected their fecal samples in third trimester before delivery. We performed metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to compare the gut microbiota composition and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between the two groups.
RESULTS
Our results showed that totally 20 gut microbes were significantly different between two groups (p<0•05), and the correlation analysis found that g__Roseomonas and g__unclassified_f__Propionibacteriaceae were significantly positive correlated with both maternal body mass index (BMI) before delivery, placental weight, and neonatal birth weight (BW) percentile (all p<0•05), while g__Marinisporobacter and g__Sphingomonas were significantly negative correlated with both neonatal BMI and neonatal BW percentile (all p<0•05). Through KEGG pathway analysis, we found that the abundance of the Nitrogen metabolism pathway decreased significantly (p<0•05) whereas the abundance of the Amoebiasis pathway increased significantly in the FGR group (p<0•05).
CONCLUSION
In this study, we demonstrated that the occurrence of FGR is associated with the change of gut microbiota of pregnant women.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Fetal Growth Retardation; Placenta; Case-Control Studies; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 36434943
DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103354 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022(1) Background: Acne is a widespread skin disease, especially among adolescents. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of masks, the problem has been affecting a...
(1) Background: Acne is a widespread skin disease, especially among adolescents. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of masks, the problem has been affecting a greater number of people, and the attention of the skin care beauty routine cosmetics has been focused on the "Maskne", caused by the sebum excretion rate (SER) that stimulates microbial proliferation. (2) Methods: the present study was focused on the rheological characterization and quality assurance of the preservative system of an anti-acne serum. The biological effectiveness (cytotoxicity-skin and eye irritation-antimicrobial, biofilm eradication and anti-inflammatory activity) was evaluated in a monolayer cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and on 3D models (reconstructed human epidermis, RHE and human reconstructed corneal epithelium, HCE). The , as the most relevant acne-inducing bacterium, is chosen as a pro-inflammatory stimulus and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the serum. (3) Results and Conclusions: Rheology allows to simulate serum behavior at rest, extrusion and application, so the serum could be defined as having a solid-like behavior and being pseudoplastic. The preservative system is in compliance with the criteria of the reference standard. Biological effectiveness evaluation shows non-cytotoxic and irritant behavior with a good antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the formulation, supporting the effectiveness of the serum for acne-prone skin treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; COVID-19; Cell Line, Transformed; Cosmeceuticals; Humans; Pandemics; Propionibacteriaceae; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35209043
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041255 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020One new dibenzocycloheptene, validinol (), and one butanolide firstly isolated from the natural source, validinolide (), together with 17 known compounds were isolated...
One new dibenzocycloheptene, validinol (), and one butanolide firstly isolated from the natural source, validinolide (), together with 17 known compounds were isolated from the stem of . Among the isolates, lincomolide A (), secosubamolide (), and cinnamtannin B1 () exhibited potent inhibition on both superoxide anion generation (IC values of 2.98 ± 0.3 µM, 4.37 ± 0.38 µM, and 2.20 ± 0.3 µM, respectively) and elastase release (IC values of 3.96 ± 0.31 µM, 3.04 ± 0.23 µM, and 4.64 ± 0.71 µM, respectively) by human neutrophils. In addition, isophilippinolide A (), secosubamolide (), and cinnamtannin B1 () showed bacteriostatic effects against in in vitro study, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values at 16 μg/mL, 16 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Further investigations using the in vivo ear infection model showed that the intraperitoneal administration of the major component cinnamtannin B1 () reduced immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 at the infection sites. The results demonstrated the potential of cinnamtannin B1 () for acne therapy. In summary, these results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potentials of Formosan during bacterial infections.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cinnamomum; Humans; Inflammation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monocytes; Plant Extracts; Plant Stems; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 32722482
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153382 -
Glycobiology Mar 2022Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other...
Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other diseases, including endocarditis, endophthalmitis and prosthetic joint infections. Its virulence potential is also supported by knowledge gained from its sequenced genome. Indeed, a vaccine targeting a putative cell wall-anchored P. acnes sialidase has been shown to suppress cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release induced by the organism, and is proposed as an alternative treatment for P. acnes-associated diseases. Here, we report the crystal structures of the surface sialidase and its complex with the transition-state mimic Neu5Ac2en. Our structural and kinetic analyses, together with insight from a glycan array screen, which probes subtle specificities of the sialidase for α-2,3-sialosides, provide a basis for the structure-based design of novel small-molecule therapeutics against P. acnes infections.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Neuraminidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 34792586
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab094 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Oct 2021Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), obligate anaerobic gram-positive diphtheroid, is a member of normal skin microbiota and frequently...
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), obligate anaerobic gram-positive diphtheroid, is a member of normal skin microbiota and frequently isolated from acne lesions and also in various infections as an opportunist pathogen. Within the last decade, distinct phylogroups of C.acnes have been discovered, and specific strains associated with human disease were defined. Increasing resistance to antimicrobials used in the treatment of C.acnes infections has been reported. Resistance rates vary among isolates from different geographic locations. However, knowledge about the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of C.acnes is limited in Turkey. Determining the phylotypes of C.acnes isolates and providing antimicrobial susceptibility data will be very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, preventing the development of resistance, and applying rational and effective empirical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the phylotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of C.acnes and to investigate the relationship among C.acnes phylotypes, the severity of acne and the antimicrobial resistance. C.acnes isolates cultivated from the acne lesions of 57 patients who admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic of our university hospital and from the skin of 62 healthy control group in a six-month period were included in the study. The acne lesions on the face and chest/upper back were given a score according to the Global acne grading system (GAGS) for describing the severity of acne. The severity was graded as mild if the score was 1-18, moderate with scores from 19 to 30, severe with scores from 31 to 38, and as very severe if the score is more than 39. The isolates were identified by using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) . Phylotype analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and doxycycline were determined by agar dilution technique recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for anaerobic bacteria. The majority of the isolates (patient; n= 47, control; n= 47) in both of the patient and control groups were phylotype IA, followed by type IB and type II, respectively and no type III C.acnes was detected. There was no correlation between acne severity and bacterial phylotypes. The resistance rates of clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and doxycycline were found to be 22.8%, 29.8%, 35.2%, 3.5% and 5.3% in the acne patients group, respectively, whereas in the control group the incidence of resistance to these antimicrobials was 11.3%, 21%, 38.7%, 1.6% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial resistance between the patient and control groups, except erythromycin (p= 0.043, Fisher's exact) as well as no relationship was found between antimicrobial resistance and phylotypes in both of the groups. The number of isolates, resistant to two or more antimicrobials, was higher in the patients with acne. C.acnes isolates were highly resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and azithromycin. Type IA constituted the majority of the phylotypes. There was no significant relationship between C.acnes phylotype, antimicrobial resistance and acne severity.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34666649
DOI: 10.5578/mb.20219701 -
Journal of Innate Immunity 2023CircRNAs are closely related to many human diseases; however, their role in acne remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of hsa_circ_0102678 in...
YTHDC1-Modified m6A Methylation of Hsa_circ_0102678 Promotes Keratinocyte Inflammation Induced by Cutibacterium acnes Biofilm through Regulating miR-146a/TRAF6 and IRAK1 Axis.
INTRODUCTION
CircRNAs are closely related to many human diseases; however, their role in acne remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of hsa_circ_0102678 in regulating inflammation of acne.
METHODS
First, microarray analysis was performed to study the expression of circRNAs in acne. Subsequently, RNase R digestion assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were utilized to confirm the characteristics of hsa_circ_0102678. Finally, qRT-PCR, Western blotting analysis, immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, circRNA probe pull-down assay, biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and m6A dot blot assay were utilized to reveal the functional roles of hsa_circ_0102678 on inflammation induced by C. acnes biofilm in human primary keratinocytes.
RESULTS
Our investigations showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0102678 was significantly decreased in acne tissues, and hsa_circ_0102678 was a type of circRNAs, which was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of primary human keratinocytes. Moreover, hsa_circ_0102678 remarkably affected the expression of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α, which induced by C. acnes biofilm. Importantly, mechanistic studies indicated that the YTHDC1 could bind directly to hsa_circ_0102678 and promote the export of N6-methyladenosine-modified hsa_circ_0102678 to the cytoplasm. Besides, hsa_circ_0102678 could bind to miR-146a and sponge miR-146a to promote the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed a previously unknown process by which hsa_circ_0102678 promoted keratinocyte inflammation induced by C. acnes biofilm via regulating miR-146a/TRAF6 and IRAK1 axis.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacteriaceae; Acne Vulgaris; Cells, Cultured; Keratinocytes; RNA, Circular; Down-Regulation; Inflammation; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Biological Transport, Active; RNA Splicing Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 37903473
DOI: 10.1159/000534704 -
PloS One 2022The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in...
BACKGROUND
The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in recent years. While some microbiology studies report bacterial disc infection within IDD patients, others attribute the positive results to contamination during prolonged cultures. In addition to the clinical controversy, little was known about the mechanism of C. acnes-caused Modic changes (MCs) if C. acnes was the pathogenic factor.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanism of MCs induced by different phylotypes of C. acnes in patients with IDD.
METHODS
Specimens from sixty patients undergoing microdiscectomy for disc herniation were included, C. acnes were identified by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based methods. The identified species of C. acnes were respectively inoculated into the intervertebral discs of rabbits. MRI and histological change were observed. Additionally, we detected MMP expression in the rabbit model using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
RESULTS
Of the 60 cases, 18 (30%) specimens were positive for C. acnes, and we identified 4 of 6 defined phylogroups: IA, IB, II and III. The rabbits that received Type IB or II strains of C. acnes showed significantly decreased T1WI and higher T2WI at eighth weeks, while strain III C. acnes resulted in hypointense signals on both T1WI and T2WI. Histological examination results showed that all of the three types of C. acnes could cause disc degeneration and endplates rupture. Moreover, endplate degeneration induced by type IB or II strains of C. acnes is related with MMP13 expression. Meanwhile, strain III C. acnes might upregulated the level of MMP3.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that C. acnes is widespread in herniated disc tissues. Different types of C. acnes could induce different MCs by increasing MMP expression.
Topics: Animals; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Propionibacterium acnes; Rabbits
PubMed: 35819943
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270982