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Cancer May 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33721331
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33417 -
Andrology Jul 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33580913
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12987 -
ACS Sensors Oct 2023Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer and is attributable to over 375,000 deaths annually. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer and is attributable to over 375,000 deaths annually. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for PCa and therefore measuring patient PSA levels is an important aspect of the diagnostic pathway. Automated immunoassays are currently utilized for PSA analysis, but they require a laboratory setting with specialized equipment and trained personnel. This results in high diagnostic costs, extended therapeutic turnaround times, and restrictions on testing capabilities in resource-limited settings. Consequently, there is a strong drive to develop point-of-care (PoC) PSA tests that can offer accurate, low-cost, and rapid results at the time and place of the patient. However, many emerging PoC tests experience a trade-off between accuracy, affordability, and accessibility which distinctly limits their translational potential. This review comprehensively assesses the translational advantages and limitations of emerging laboratory-level and commercial PoC tests for PSA determination. Electrochemical and optical PSA sensors from 2013 to 2023 are systematically examined. Furthermore, we suggest how the translational potential of emerging tests can be optimized to achieve clinical implementation and thus improve PCa diagnosis globally.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Point-of-Care Systems; Prostatic Neoplasms; Point-of-Care Testing; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37830899
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01402 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33861056
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0997 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Oct 2023In Nigeria, the diagnostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a matter of debate. PSA levels are known to vary with population, environmental factors, and...
BACKGROUND
In Nigeria, the diagnostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a matter of debate. PSA levels are known to vary with population, environmental factors, and advancing age. Studies suggest age-specific reference intervals (ASRIs) of PSA value are more accurate than single cut-off PSA value. For ASRIs to be used effectively, reference intervals (RIs) must be fully evaluated.
AIM
We determine ASRIs in a Nigerian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out from January 2016 to January 2019 among 660 adult Nigerian men aged 30-86 years old in Enugu State. Participants completed questionnaire demographics and previous screening. Age group was the indicator. Among them, a total 24 (3.6%) were excluded. Data from 636 (96.4%) men were analyzed for ASRIs. Estimation of PSA was done as per the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Guideline. Spearman correlation was used to identify correlates P values < 0.05 which was considered significant.
RESULTS
The mean age group was 49.6 ± 10.2 years. ASRIs using 95 percentile, and PSA values in each 10 years groups were 0-1.94 ng/ml (median 0.22), 0-2.52 ng/ml (median 0.42), 0-3.52 ng/ml (median 1.06), 0-4.8 ng/ml (median 2.1), 0-6.95 ng/ml (median 4.1), and 0-5.6 ng/ml (median 2.4), for age groups 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years, respectively. There was positive correlation between PSA and age (r = 0.9915, P < 0.0001). Low income and educational background were more prevalent among the study group.
CONCLUSION
Our study provided the ASRIs in our environment but higher than single cut-off value. The data recommended PSA values should be characterized by age and ethnicity.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values; Nigeria; Age Factors
PubMed: 37929517
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1643_21 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2022Prostate cancer is one of the most common health hazards for men worldwide, specifically in Western countries. Rapid prostate cancer screening by analyzing the... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is one of the most common health hazards for men worldwide, specifically in Western countries. Rapid prostate cancer screening by analyzing the prostate-specific antigen present in male serum has brought about a sharp decline in the mortality index of this disease. Immunoassay technology quantifies the target analyte in the sample using the antigen-antibody reaction. Immunoassays are now pivotal in disease diagnostics, drug monitoring, and pharmacokinetics. Recently, immunosensors have gained momentum in delivering better results with high specificity and lower limit of detection (LOD). Nanomaterials like gold, silver, and copper exhibit numerous exceptional features and their use in developing immunosensors have garnered excellent results in the diagnostic field. This review highlights the recent and different immunoassay techniques used to detect prostate-specific antigens and discusses the advances in nanomaterial-based immunosensors to detect prostate cancer efficiently. The review also explores the importance of specific biomarkers and nanomaterials-based biosensors with good selectivity and sensitivity to prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Biosensing Techniques; Immunoassay; Electrochemical Techniques; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Early Detection of Cancer; Silver; Copper; Prostatic Neoplasms; Nanostructures; Gold; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36108389
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113649 -
Familial Cancer Jan 2022Improvements in DNA sequencing technology and discoveries made by large scale genome-wide association studies have led to enormous insight into the role of genetic... (Review)
Review
Improvements in DNA sequencing technology and discoveries made by large scale genome-wide association studies have led to enormous insight into the role of genetic variation in prostate cancer risk. High-risk prostate cancer risk predisposition genes exist in addition to common germline variants conferring low-moderate risk, which together account for over a third of familial prostate cancer risk. Identifying men with additional risk factors such as genetic variants or a positive family history is of clinical importance, as men with such risk factors have a higher incidence of prostate cancer with some evidence to suggest diagnosis at a younger age and poorer outcomes. The medical community remains in disagreement on the benefits of a population prostate cancer screening programme reliant on PSA testing. A reduction in mortality has been demonstrated in many studies, but at the cost of significant amounts of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Developing targeted screening strategies for high-risk men is currently the subject of investigation in a number of prospective studies. At present, approximately 38% of the familial risk of PrCa can be explained based on published SNPs, with men in the top 1% of the risk profile having a 5.71-fold increase in risk of developing cancer compared with controls. With approximately 170 prostate cancer susceptibility loci now identified in European populations, there is scope to explore the clinical utility of genetic testing and genetic-risk scores in prostate cancer screening and risk stratification, with such data in non-European populations eagerly awaited. This review will focus on both the rare and common germline genetic variation involved in hereditary and familial prostate cancer, and discuss ongoing research in exploring the role of targeted screening in this high-risk group of men.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33486571
DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00227-3 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2022
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35640965
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071076 -
American Society of Clinical Oncology... Apr 2022Biochemical recurrence develops in almost one-third of men with prostate cancer after treatment with local therapy. There are numerous options for management, including... (Review)
Review
Biochemical recurrence develops in almost one-third of men with prostate cancer after treatment with local therapy. There are numerous options for management, including surveillance, salvage radiation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and clinical trials. This article reviews the current approaches to radiation therapy, ADT, and molecular imaging in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. First, radiation therapy, including selection of field, dose, and use of concurrent antiandrogen therapy, is reviewed. Next, molecular imaging is addressed, including prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging and its increased sensitivity in identifying sites of disease. Finally, the factors associated with starting ADT are explored, and the data supporting intermittent over continuous ADT are reviewed. Lastly, the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging and its potential role influencing therapy are discussed.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Salvage Therapy
PubMed: 35503984
DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_351033 -
JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics Sep 2021This study examined changes in prostate disease screening (prostatic-specific antigen [PSA] testing), prostate biopsy testing, and prostate cancer diagnoses during the...
PURPOSE
This study examined changes in prostate disease screening (prostatic-specific antigen [PSA] testing), prostate biopsy testing, and prostate cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic through December 2020.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This analysis included test results from men ≥ 40 years, without prior International Classification of Diseases-10 record of prostate cancer since January 2016, who received PSA or prostate biopsy testing at Quest Diagnostics during January 2018-December 2020. Monthly trends were evaluated for three periods: prepandemic (January 2018-February 2020), early-pandemic (March-May 2020), and late-pandemic (June-December 2020).
RESULTS
Meeting inclusion criteria were 16,365,833 PSA and 48,819 prostate biopsy results. The average monthly number of PSA tests declined from 465,187 prepandemic to 295,786 early-pandemic (36.4% decrease; = .01) before rebounding to 483,374 (3.9% increase; = .23) late-pandemic. The monthly average number of PSA results ≥ 50 ng/mL (23,356; 0.14% of all PSA results) dipped from 659 prepandemic to 506 early-pandemic (23.2% decrease; = .02) and rebounded to 674 late-pandemic (2.3% increase; = .65). The average monthly number of prostate biopsy results decreased from 1,453 prepandemic to 903 early-pandemic (37.9% decrease; = .01) before rebounding to 1,190 late-pandemic (18.1% decrease; = .01). The average monthly number for Gleason score ≥ 8 (6,241; 12.8% of all prostate biopsies) declined from 182 prepandemic to 130 early-pandemic (28.6% decrease; = .02) and decreased to 161 late-pandemic (11.5% decrease; = .02).
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that a substantial number of prostate screening opportunities and cancer diagnoses have been missed. Efforts are needed to bring such patients back for screening and diagnostic testing and to restore appropriate care for non-COVID-19-related medical conditions.
Topics: Biopsy; COVID-19; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34648367
DOI: 10.1200/CCI.21.00074