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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020Since their popularization, genitourinary prosthetics have remained a gold-standard therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence and... (Review)
Review
Since their popularization, genitourinary prosthetics have remained a gold-standard therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence and in cases of testicular loss or dysfunction. They have also represented an area of significant innovation, which has contributed to excellent long-term outcomes. Given this history, the objective of the current review was to provide a 5-10-year outlook on anticipated trends and developments in the field of genitourinary prosthetics. To accomplish this objective, a PubMed and patent search was performed of topics relating to penile and testicular prostheses and urinary sphincters. In regard to penile prostheses, findings demonstrated several new concepts including temperature-sensitive alloys, automated pumps, devices designed specifically for neophalluses, and improved malleable designs. With artificial urinary sphincters, new concepts include the ability to add or remove fluid from an existing system, two-piece systems, and new mechanisms to occlude the urethra. For testicular prosthetics, future implementations may not only better replicate the feel of a biological testicle but also add endocrinological functions. Beyond device innovation, the future of prosthetics is also one of expanding geographic boundaries, which necessitates variable cost modeling and regulatory considerations. Surgical trends are also changing, with a greater emphasis on nonnarcotic, postoperative pain control, outpatient surgeries, and adjunctive techniques to lengthen the penis and address concomitant stress incontinence, among others. Concomitant with device and surgical changes, future considerations also include a greater need for education and training, particularly given the rapid expansion of sexual medicine into developing nations.
Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Penile Implantation; Penile Prosthesis; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Implantation; Testicular Diseases; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
PubMed: 31571642
DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_103_19 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Apr 2020With the technical developments in neurosurgery, increasing numbers of neurosurgical implants are used in an increasingly aged population of patients with several... (Review)
Review
With the technical developments in neurosurgery, increasing numbers of neurosurgical implants are used in an increasingly aged population of patients with several comorbidities. Consequently, the number of neurosurgical implant-associated infections is continuously raising, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, including disfiguring skull deformities and lack of brain protection. In this article we review infections associated with craniotomy, cranioplasty, neurostimulators, internal cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and external ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainages. In all implant-associated infections biofilms are involved, which are difficult to eradicate. A low number of microorganisms is sufficient to form a biofilm on the implant surface. In most infections, microorganisms of the skin flora are involved. Microorganisms reach the implant during surgery or immediately thereafter as a result of wound healing disturbances. In about two thirds of patients, implant-associated infections manifest early (within the first month after surgery), whereas the remaining infections present later as a result of low-grade infections or by direct extension from adjacent infections (per continuitatem) to the implants due to soft tissue damage. Except for ventriculo-atrial cerebrospinal fluid shunts, neurosurgical implants are rarely infected by the haematogenous route. In this article we review established and clinically validated concepts for the management of biofilm-associated infections in orthopaedic and trauma surgery, which can be extrapolated to other surgical disciplines that use implants. However, the evidence for the success of this extrapolation to neurosurgical patients is sparse and has not been evaluated in large patient populations. For favourable outcome, an optimised microbiological diagnosis including sonication of removed implants and prolonged incubation of cultures is required. Furthermore, a combined surgical and antimicrobial management strategy is needed. Surgery includes an appropriate debridement with or without implant exchange or removal, depending on the age of the biofilm and the soft tissue condition. Antimicrobial treatment includes a prolonged biofilm-active therapy, typically for 4–12 weeks. This concept is attractive, because in selected patients, implants can be retained or exchanged in a one-stage surgical procedure, which improves not only quality of life, but also decreases morbidity because every additional neurosurgical intervention can lead to secondary complications, including intracerebral bleeding or ischemia.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Humans; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32329803
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2020.20208 -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2022The purpose of this review is to search for complications of dental implant superstructures and consider the issues involved. This narrative review was performed by... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review is to search for complications of dental implant superstructures and consider the issues involved. This narrative review was performed by searching through PubMed databases and review articles that were published after 1990. Misfitting of the superstructure can result in loosening of screws, reduced preload, and in some cases, significant stress around the implant. External connection modalities and single implant prostheses have been reported to have more loose or broken abutment screws. In addition, when zirconia abutment was used for platform shifting, the rate of fracture of the abutment was considered to be high. Additionally, it was reported that men were significantly at an increased risk of abutment fracture. As for the retention mechanism of implant overdenture, stud attachment (Locator type) should receive more attention to wear and damage of retention parts than other attachments. The causes of the complications of implant superstructures have not been clarified in some cases, and further verification is required. Verification of complications is considered important to obtain a long-term prognosis for superstructures of implants. It will be necessary to further verify complications of implants in the future.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dental Stress Analysis; Denture, Overlay; Humans; Male
PubMed: 35989295
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0534 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Feb 2021
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Mitral Valve; Prostheses and Implants; Sheep; Tricuspid Valve
PubMed: 31926700
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.083 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Dec 2021Neurotechnology includes artificial devices integrated with the neural tissue to mitigate the burden of neurological and mental disorders. This field has significantly... (Review)
Review
Neurotechnology includes artificial devices integrated with the neural tissue to mitigate the burden of neurological and mental disorders. This field has significantly expanded its range of applications thanks to the development of flexible, stretchable and injectable electronics. Now, the emergence of green electronics adds a new asset to the neurotechnology toolbox. Transient neurotechnology reduces the side effects of chronic implants and transforms inert devices into bio-active and bio-responsive structures. Ultimately, it holds the potential of bridging together technological devices with modern approaches in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the rising potential of transient neurotechnology for human benefit, comprehensively summarises recent achievements and highlights feature needs and challenges.
Topics: Electronics; Humans; Prostheses and Implants; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 34464936
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.011 -
The Bone & Joint Journal Feb 2021Antibiotic resistance represents a threat to human health. It has been suggested that by 2050, antibiotic-resistant infections could cause ten million deaths each year.... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance represents a threat to human health. It has been suggested that by 2050, antibiotic-resistant infections could cause ten million deaths each year. In orthopaedics, many patients undergoing surgery suffer from complications resulting from implant-associated infection. In these circumstances secondary surgery is usually required and chronic and/or relapsing disease may ensue. The development of effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections is needed. Recent evidence shows that bacteriophage (phages; viruses that infect bacteria) therapy may represent a viable and successful solution. In this review, a brief description of bone and joint infection and the nature of bacteriophages is presented, as well as a summary of our current knowledge on the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of bacterial infections. We present contemporary published in vitro and in vivo data as well as data from clinical trials, as they relate to bone and joint infections. We discuss the potential use of bacteriophage therapy in orthopaedic infections. This area of research is beginning to reveal successful results, but mostly in nonorthopaedic fields. We believe that bacteriophage therapy has potential therapeutic value for implant-associated infections in orthopaedics. Cite this article: 2021;103-B(2):234-244.
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Humans; Orthopedic Fixation Devices; Phage Therapy; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33517726
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-0452.R2 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2019
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Humans; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 31779792
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.007 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2020Rapid prototyping (RP), also known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), allows the rapid conversion of anatomical images into physical components by the use of special... (Review)
Review
Rapid prototyping (RP), also known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), allows the rapid conversion of anatomical images into physical components by the use of special printers. This novel technology has also become a promising innovation for spine surgery. As a result of the developments in 3DP technology, production speeds have increased, and costs have decreased. This technological development can be used extensively in different parts of spine surgery such as preoperative planning, surgical simulations, patient-clinician communication, education, intraoperative guidance, and even implantable devices. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the usage of RP in spine surgery has various drawbacks that are needed to be addressed through further studies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Spinal Diseases; Vertebrates
PubMed: 32468929
DOI: 10.1177/2309499020927081 -
Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2021The reconstruction of the proximal humerus is possible from the resection of the tumor and the placement of a prosthesis. In some cases, they do not meet the...
BACKGROUND
The reconstruction of the proximal humerus is possible from the resection of the tumor and the placement of a prosthesis. In some cases, they do not meet the anthropometric aspects of the patients.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the parameters to size the components of a humeral prosthesis and the development of a set, using design software.
METHOD
Forty patients were selected for prostheses, radiographs and CT scans were analyzed and statistical tests were applied to the measurements.
RESULTS
The length of the tumors was 8-20 cm. The minimum length of the humerus was 28 cm and 33 cm the maximum. Correlation was observed between the humerus and the tumor and the height of the patient with p = 0.93088 and p = 0.904564, respectively; humerus diameter, p = 0.2345. The set will include three components, diameter 6-10 mm, and length of 24, 26 and 28 cm. Three modular spacers with lengths of 6, 8.5 and 13 cm. Crowns 6.5 and 8.5 cm long, 1.3 cm in diameter and 5 mm nut.
CONCLUSION
With the development of the set, poorly calculated resections and adaptation to any humerus size can be resolved.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Humerus; Osteosarcoma; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33498062
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.20001695 -
BioMed Research International 2021
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Implants; Dentistry; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Inventions; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 35155668
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9852932