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The Malaysian Journal of Medical... Mar 2020Mobile phones (MPs) have become one of the most indispensable accessories in social and professional life. Though they offer plenty of benefits, MPs are prolific...
BACKGROUND
Mobile phones (MPs) have become one of the most indispensable accessories in social and professional life. Though they offer plenty of benefits, MPs are prolific breeding grounds for infectious pathogens in communities. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of bacterial contamination and determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of () from MPs.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2019 on 126 students and 37 laboratory staff/clinical instructors' MPs from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia by a simple random sampling technique. Along with the questionnaire, a swab sample from each participant's MPs was collected and transported to the microbiology laboratory for bacterial culture as per standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disc diffusion technique. Data were analysed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Programme version 24.
RESULTS
All of the tested MPs were contaminated with either single or mix bacterial agents. spp. (74.8%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 47.9%) and (20.9%) were the most predominant bacterial isolates, whilst the least isolate was () (2.5%). Oxacillin resistance was seen in 5.9% of isolate. A comparison of bacteria type and frequency among gender showed a significant difference with ( = 0.003) and among profession showed a significant difference with ( = 0.004).
CONCLUSION
The present study indicates that MPs can serve as a vector for both pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. Therefore, full guidelines about restricting the use of MPs in laboratory environments, hand hygiene and frequent decontamination of MPs are recommended to limit the risk of cross-contamination and healthcare-associated infections caused by MPs.
PubMed: 32788850
DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.15 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2022This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of species isolated from...
This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of spp The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of spp. was 35.7% (25/70), including ( = 23) and ( = 2). The spp prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages < 12 weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed C, A, and A virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to , , , and , respectively, and non β-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to 1, A, I1, A, and A1. Moreover, 28% (7/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR spp. in dogs in Egypt.
PubMed: 36276974
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952689 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021(Danin and Hedge) Bräuchler is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family that was discovered and classified in 1998. This green herb is restricted to the mountains...
(Danin and Hedge) Bräuchler is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family that was discovered and classified in 1998. This green herb is restricted to the mountains overlooking the Dead Sea, specifically in Jordan's southwest, the Edom mountains, and the Tubas mountains in Palestine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of essential oil (EO) of air-dried and fresh resulted in the identification of 30 and 42 phytochemicals accounting for 99.56 and 98.64% of the EO, respectively. Thymol (46.07 ± 1.1 and 40.64 ± 1.21%) was the major compound, followed by its biosynthetic precursors -terpinene (21.15 ± 1.05% and 20.65 ± 1.12%), and -cymene (15.02 ± 1.02% and 11.51 ± 0.97%), respectively. Microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial property of EOs against (ATCC 25923), clinical isolate Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA), (ATCC 700221) (ATCC 13883), (ATCC 700221), (ATCC 25922) and (ATCC 27853) and (ATCC-90028). With a MIC of 0.135 μg/mL, the EOs has the most potent antibacterial action against . Both EOs display good antifungal efficacy against , with a MIC value of 0.75 μg/mL, which was better than that of Fluconazole's (positive control, MIC = 1.56 μg/mL). The antioxidant capacity of EOs extracted from air-dried and fresh was determined using the DPPH assay, with IC values of 4.78 ± 0.41 and 5.37 ± 0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The tested EOs showed significant cytotoxicity against Hela, HepG2, and COLO-205 cells, with IC values ranging from 82 ± 0.98 to 256 ± 1.95 μg/mL. The current work shows there is a possibility to use the EOs for various applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Candida albicans; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cymenes; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; Free Radical Scavengers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Proteus vulgaris; Satureja; Staphylococcal Infections; Thymol
PubMed: 35011355
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010125 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few...
, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few reports on its constituents and bioactivities. This study analyzed the phytochemical components of rhizome by GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties. According to the GC-FID/MS data, its rhizome essential oil (EO) consisted mainly of ()-2-decenal (53.8%), ()-2-decenyl acetate (24.4%), ()-3-dodecenyl acetate (3.5%), and ()-2-octenal (3.5%). Its water extract (WE) and 70% ethanol extract (EE) showed high total phenolic content (TPC, 52.99-60.49 mg GAEs/g extract) and total flavonoid content (TFC, 260.69-286.42 mg REs/g extract). In addition, the phytochemicals of WE and EE were further characterized using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of sixty-three compounds were identified, including fourteen phenolic components and twenty-three flavonoid compounds. In the antioxidant assay, WE and EE revealed a potent scavenging effect on DPPH (IC: 6.59 ± 0.88 mg/mL and 17.70 ± 1.15 mg/mL, respectively), surpassing the BHT (IC: 21.83 ± 0.89 mg/mL). For the antimicrobial activities, EO displayed excellent antibacterial capabilities against , , , , and with DIZ (12.60-22.17 mm), MIC (0.78-1.56 mg/mL), and MBC (3.13 mg/mL) and significantly inhibited growth (MIC = 0.313 mg/mL, MFC = 0.625 mg/mL, respectively). In addition to weak tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibition, EE and WE had a prominent inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (IC: 0.013 ± 0.001 mg/mL and 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than acarbose (IC: 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Hence, the rhizome of has excellent potential for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food fields as a source of bioactive substances.
PubMed: 37936928
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1284931 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking...
Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking technique is increasingly common in homes and catering establishments due to its simplicity and affordability. However, manufacturers and chef's recommendations for low-temperature and long-term sous-vide cooking in media raise food safety concerns, particularly when preparing beef tenderloin. In this study, was found to be inactivated by heat and sage essential oil (EO) in beef samples from that had been sous vide processed. To determine whether heat treatment was likely to increase the sous vide efficiency, . and sage EO were mixed. After being vacuum-packed and injected with , the samples were cooked at 50-65 °C through the sous vide technique for the prescribed time. On days 1, 3, and 6, the amounts of , total bacteria, and coliform bacteria were measured in the control and treated groups of beef processed sous vide. Mass spectrometry was used to identify bacterial isolates on different days. On each day that was measured, a higher number of all the microbiota was found in the samples exposed to 50 °C for 5 min. The most frequently isolated microorganisms from both groups of samples were (17%), (8%), and (8%); in the treated group, also (21%), (13%), and (6%). After the heat treatment of samples at 65 °C for 20 min, the total count of bacteria and coliform bacteria was zero. It has been shown that adding sage essential oil (EO) in combination with sous vide processing technique leads to the stabilization and safety of beef tenderloin.
PubMed: 38002229
DOI: 10.3390/foods12224172 -
African Journal of Infectious Diseases 2023This study investigated the efficacy of the essential oil (EO) of (clove) on the bacteria associated with .
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the efficacy of the essential oil (EO) of (clove) on the bacteria associated with .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ear swab samples were collected and bacteria isolated were identified using morphological and biochemical procedures. Essential oil was extracted from the dried flower buds using the hydro-distillation method while physicochemical and phytochemical analysis was done on the oil. Antibiotic susceptibility test and agar well diffusion was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to the EO. In - silico analysis was conducted to determine the drugable compound in the EO.
RESULTS
Phytochemical analysis of the oil indicated the presence of flavonoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Physicochemical test of the EO exhibited the presence of eugenol (80.98%) as the most abundant phytocompound. Percentage occurrence of the bacterial isolates are as follows; (31.25%), (25%), (18.25%), (3.12%), (12.5%), (3.12%) and (6.25%). Zones of inhibition were within the range of 11.5±0.71mm-23.0±2.83mm. In silico studies demonstrated that 16 out of 38 compounds identified passed the ADMET analysis. Various compounds had different binding energies, such as linalool, carvacrol for (2NOJ), gamma-eudesmol, eudesmol for (6H2L), eucalyptol, gamma-eudesmol and eudesmol for (4MCX) and (4HBL).
CONCLUSION
This study shows the potency of clove EO as an antibacterial agent and its component as potential lead molecules in drug development and design to combat multi - drug resistance.
PubMed: 36756486
DOI: 10.21010/Ajidv17i1.3 -
ACS Omega Dec 2022Synthesis of dimeric nitro-substituted imidazolium salts under the conventional/solvent-free method is reported. The solvent-free method is more important than the...
Synthesis of dimeric nitro-substituted imidazolium salts under the conventional/solvent-free method is reported. The solvent-free method is more important than the conventional one because of its shorter reaction time, higher yield from easily available starting material, environmental safety, and so forth. Counter anion exchange is carried out using inorganic salt, which is dissolved in deionized water at room temperature. In antibacterial studies, dimeric nitro-substituted imidazolium cations with bromide counter anions showed excellent inhibition against and bacteria. These experimental results were further supported by molecular docking studies. All the compounds () () showed excellent antibacterial activity than the standard drugs (gentamycin, nalidixic acid, oflaxacin, ciproflaxacin, and amikacin). Molecular docking studies showed strong hydrogen bonding, polar and hydrophobic interactions between the dimeric imidazolium salts, and /// receptors.
PubMed: 36506216
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06833 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbodithioate () with selected derivatives...
A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbodithioate () with selected derivatives of hydrazonoyl halide by grinding method at room temperature. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were resolved from correct spectral and microanalytical data. Moreover, all synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities using , , , , , and . However, compounds and showed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. The other prepared compounds exhibited either only antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like compounds and , or only antifungal activity like compound . A molecular docking study of the compounds was performed against two important microbial enzymes: tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and N-myristoyl transferase (Nmt). The tested compounds showed variety in binding poses and interactions. However, compound showed the best interactions in terms of number of hydrogen bonds, and the lowest affinity binding energy (-8.4 and -9.1 kcal/mol, respectively). From the in vitro and in silico studies, compound is a good candidate for the next steps of the drug development process as an antimicrobial drug.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Computer Simulation; Fungi; Solvents; Thiadiazoles
PubMed: 35056655
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020342 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Oct 2023Zingiber officinale, generally known as ginger, contains bioactive phytochemicals, including gingerols and shogaols, that may function as reducing agents and stabilizers...
BACKGROUND
Zingiber officinale, generally known as ginger, contains bioactive phytochemicals, including gingerols and shogaols, that may function as reducing agents and stabilizers for the formation of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). Ginger extract-mediated nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using an eco-friendly method, and their antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, dye degrading, and biocompatibility properties were investigated.
METHODS
UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to validate and characterize the synthesis of Ni-NPs. Agar well diffusion assay, alpha-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory assay, free radical scavenging assay, biocompatibility assay, and MTT assay were used to analyse the biomedical importance of Ni-NPs.
RESULTS
SEM micrograph examinations revealed almost aggregates of Ni-NPs; certain particles were monodispersed and spherical, with an average grain size of 74.85 ± 2.5 nm. Ni-NPs have successfully inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris by inducing membrane damage, as shown by the absorbance at 260 nm (A260). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals were successfully scavenged by Ni-NPs at an inhibition rate of 69.35 ± 0.81% at 800 µg/mL. A dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Ni-NPs was observed against amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania tropica, with significant mortality rates of 94.23 ± 1.10 and 92.27 ± 1.20% at 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Biocompatibility studies revealed the biosafe nature of Ni-NPs by showing RBC hemolysis up to 1.53 ± 0.81% at 400 µg/mL, which is considered safe according to the American Society for Materials and Testing (ASTM). Furthermore, Ni-NPs showed antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes at an inhibition rate of 22.70 ± 0.16% and 31.23 ± 0.64% at 200 µg/mL, respectively. Ni-NPs have shown significant cytotoxic activity by inhibiting MCF-7 cancerous cells up to 68.82 ± 1.82% at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. The IC50 for Ni-NPs was almost 190 µg/mL. Ni-NPs also degraded crystal violet dye up to 86.1% at 2 h of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Zingiber officinale extract was found successful in producing stable nanoparticles. Ni-NPs have shown substantial biomedical activities, and as a result, we believe these nanoparticles have potential as a powerful therapeutic agent for use in nanomedicine.
Topics: Zingiber officinale; Nickel; Rhizome; Metal Nanoparticles; Hypoglycemic Agents; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 37789322
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04182-7 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2023Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including...
BACKGROUND
Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus terrae, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and Proteus faecis, have been isolated from human clinical specimens. However, there are no reports of Proteus alimentorum isolated from humans, and the clinical characteristics of P. alimentorum infection are unknown.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 85-year-old female patient with peritoneal cancer was hospitalized for complicated pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by P. alimentorum. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and was discharged on day 7 of hospitalization. No recurrence was observed 14 days after the treatment. Various methods were used to identify the Proteus sp. Furthermore, the VITEK-2 GN ID card resulted in low discrimination between P. hauseri and P. penneri. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed P. hauseri with a spectral score of 2.22 as the best match. Nevertheless, the pathogen was identified as P. alimentorum based on genetic investigation using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests.
CONCLUSION
Proteus alimentorum is a human pathogen, and its infection has an excellent therapeutic response to antimicrobials based on antimicrobial susceptibility. Genomic methods may be helpful for the precise identification of P. alimentorum.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Neoplasms; Proteus; Pyelonephritis; RNA, Ribosomal; Proteus Infections
PubMed: 37189038
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08296-8