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Journal of Bacteriology Oct 1963Kohn, J. (Queen Mary's Hospital, London, England) and J. L. Reis. Bacterial nucleotidases. J. Bacteriol. 86:713-716. 1963.-The 3- and 5- nucleotidase activity in various...
Kohn, J. (Queen Mary's Hospital, London, England) and J. L. Reis. Bacterial nucleotidases. J. Bacteriol. 86:713-716. 1963.-The 3- and 5- nucleotidase activity in various bacterial species was investigated. Both enzymes were found in bacterial extracts in varying proportions. The nucleotidases were found to be very active in Proteus vulgaris, in which organism they were studied in detail. The relative activities, the pH optima, and the effect of metal ions were investigated. It was concluded that bacterial 3- and 5-nucleotidases are distinct and separate enzymes.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Clostridium; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Magnesium; Manganese; Nickel; Nucleotidases; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Research; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium; Serratia marcescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Zinc
PubMed: 14066466
DOI: 10.1128/jb.86.4.713-716.1963 -
Journal of Biosciences 2021is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium known to be the member of Enterobacteriaceae that is able to cause disease in human being. Generally, non-protein-coding RNAs...
is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium known to be the member of Enterobacteriaceae that is able to cause disease in human being. Generally, non-protein-coding RNAs (npcRNAs) do not code for proteins, but they play a vital role in gene regulation at the RNA level including pathogenicity. The present study aims at elucidating homologous npcRNAs from other bacteria in . A comparative genomic analysis was carried out to identify npcRNA homolog of other Enterobacteriaceae pathogens in . A total of 231 npcRNAs previously reported in and were screened using BLASTn tool against genome. Interestingly, 33 npcRNAs are homologs to . Northern blot analysis of 6 out of 33 npcRNA candidates confirmed their expression and showed that most of them are differentially expressed during lag, exponential and stationary growth phases. This study is the first approach of identification and characterization of npcRNAs in . Hence, this could be a pioneer study to further validate the regulatory functions of these npcRNAs to fill the gaps in understanding of the pathogenicity of .
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Proteus vulgaris; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 34845992
DOI: No ID Found -
Genomics Jan 2022Proteus phage vB_PvuS_Pm34 (Pm34) isolated from the sewage, is a novel virus specific to Proteus vulgaris. Pm34 belonged to the family Siphovirodae with an icosahedron...
Proteus phage vB_PvuS_Pm34 (Pm34) isolated from the sewage, is a novel virus specific to Proteus vulgaris. Pm34 belonged to the family Siphovirodae with an icosahedron capsid head and a non-contractile tail. Its genome was 39,558 bp in length with a G + C content of 41.4%. Similarity analysis showed that Pm34 shared low identities of 27.6%-38.4% with any other Proteus phages, but had the 96% high identity with Proteus mirabilis AOUC-001. In the genome of Pm34, 70 open reading frames was deduced and 32 had putative functions including integrase and host lysis proteins. No tRNAs, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected. Pm 34 presented a broad pH (4-8) and good temperature tolerance (<40 °C). This is the first report of the bacteriophage specific to P. vulgaris, which can enrich the knowledge of bacteriophages of Prouteus bacteria and provide the possibility for the alternative treatment of P. vulgaris infection.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Open Reading Frames; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Siphoviridae
PubMed: 34839020
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.033 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Muscle is an important structural tissue in aquatic animals and it is susceptible to bacterial and fungal infection, which could affect flesh quality and health. In this...
Investigation of Proteus vulgaris and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica invasion on muscle oxidative stress and autophagy in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis).
Muscle is an important structural tissue in aquatic animals and it is susceptible to bacterial and fungal infection, which could affect flesh quality and health. In this study, Chinese soft-shelled turtles were artificially infected with two pathogens, Proteus vulgaris and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and the effects on muscle nutritional characteristics, oxidative stress and autophagy were assayed. Upon infection, the muscle nutritional composition and muscle fiber structure were notably influenced. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 was down-regulated and Keap1 up-regulated, thus resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. However, with N-acetylcysteine treatment, the level of oxidative stress was decreased, accompanied by significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and the mRNA levels of SOD, CAT, GSTCD, and GSTO1. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in autophagy in the muscle tissue after the pathogen infection, but this increase could be reduced by N-acetylcysteine treatment. Our findings suggest that muscle nutritional characteristics were dramatically changed after pathogen infection, and oxidative stress and autophagy were induced by pathogen infection. However, N-acetylcysteine treatment could compromise the process perhaps by decreasing the ROS level and regulating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathways.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Antioxidants; Autophagy; China; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Muscles; Oxidative Stress; Proteus vulgaris; Signal Transduction; Turtles
PubMed: 33574492
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83388-6 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Nov 2017Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Proteus species are causative agents in a variety of opportunistic nosocomial infections, and their ability to form biofilms is known...
PURPOSE
Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Proteus species are causative agents in a variety of opportunistic nosocomial infections, and their ability to form biofilms is known to be a virulence factor. In this study, the influence of co-cultivation with Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) on C. albicans biofilm formation and its underlying mechanisms were examined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
XTT reduction assays were adopted to measure biofilm formation, and viable colony counts were performed to quantify yeast growth. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of yeast-specific genes (rhd1 and rbe1), filament formation inhibiting genes (tup1 and nrg1), and hyphae-related genes (als3, ece1, hwp1, and sap5).
RESULTS
Candida biofilm formation was markedly inhibited by treatment with either living or heat-killed P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis. Proteus-cultured supernatant also inhibited Candida biofilm formation. Likewise, treatment with live P. vulgaris or P. mirabilis or with Proteus-cultured supernatant decreased expression of hyphae-related C. albicans genes, while the expression of yeast-specific genes and the filament formation inhibiting genes of C. albicans were increased. Heat-killed P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis treatment, however, did not affect the expression of C. albicans morphology-related genes.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that secretory products from P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis regulate the expression of genes related to morphologic changes in C. albicans such that transition from the yeast form to the hyphal form can be inhibited.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Hyphae; Microbial Interactions; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 29047237
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1135 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2013Proteus sp. strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are often insensitive to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS) which poses a...
BACKGROUND
Proteus sp. strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are often insensitive to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS) which poses a clinical problem. The swarming phenomenon is an especially important factor in cases of UTIs gained through the ascending route. Both these virulence factors are connected with the cell surface components of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
OBJECTIVES
The resistance of Proteus bacilli to the bactericidal activity of NHS and the swarming phenomenon were investigated as well as the possible relationships between these virulence factors and the chemical structure of LPS.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was carried out on P. penneri and P. vulgaris species. Two preparations of sera were tested with respect to the bactericidal action of NHS. The ability of bacteria to swarm was checked on broth agar plates. The length of the O-specific part of LPS was estimated after poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and staining with silver nitrate.
RESULTS
Among the 62 tested Proteus strains, over 62% of Proteus vulgaris and 50% of Proteus penneri strains were sensitive to the bactericidal action of NHS. However, the number of resistant strains grew dramatically when serum with blocked complement activation via the alternative pathway was used. From 102 of the Proteus sp. Strains, only few were unable to swarm over the solid surface of the media. The remaining showed diverse ability to translocate.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no definite correlation between the chemical structure of the O-specific chains of lipopolysaccharides and sensitivity or resistance of the Proteus sp. strains to NHS. Also, no significant relationships were found between the length or the chemical structure of the O-specific chains of the bacterial LPSs and the swarming phenomenon.
Topics: Blood Bactericidal Activity; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Locomotion; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; Proteus vulgaris; Serum Bactericidal Test; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 23709372
DOI: No ID Found -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Sep 2020species are common opportunistic bacteria and foodborne pathogens. The proper detection of can effectively reduce the occurrence of food-borne public health events....
species are common opportunistic bacteria and foodborne pathogens. The proper detection of can effectively reduce the occurrence of food-borne public health events. and are the two most important pathogens in the genus. In this study, a dual TaqMan Real-Time PCR method was established to simultaneously detect and distinguish and in samples. The method exhibited good specificity, stability, and sensitivity. Specifically, the minimum detection concentrations of and in pure bacterial cultures were 6.08 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/ml and 4.46 × 10 CFU/ml, respectively. Additionally, the minimum detectable number of and in meat and milk was 10 CFU/g. In addition, the method can be used to distinguish between strains of and within two hours. Overall, it is a sensitive, easy-to-use, and practical test for the identification and classification of in food.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Genes, Bacterial; Limit of Detection; Milk; Pork Meat; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33574858
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-032 -
Microbiology and Molecular Biology... Mar 1997The object of this review is the genus Proteus, which contains bacteria considered now to belong to the opportunistic pathogens. Widely distributed in nature (in soil,... (Review)
Review
The object of this review is the genus Proteus, which contains bacteria considered now to belong to the opportunistic pathogens. Widely distributed in nature (in soil, water, and sewage), Proteus species play a significant ecological role. When present in the niches of higher macroorganisms, these species are able to evoke pathological events in different regions of the human body. The invaders (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri) have numerous factors including fimbriae, flagella, outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide, capsule antigen, urease, immunoglobulin A proteases, hemolysins, amino acid deaminases, and, finally, the most characteristic attribute of Proteus, swarming growth, enabling them to colonize and survive in higher organisms. All these features and factors are described and commented on in detail. The questions important for future investigation of these facultatively pathogenic microorganisms are also discussed.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Carbohydrate Sequence; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Flagella; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Metalloendopeptidases; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymyxins; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Serine Endopeptidases; Urease
PubMed: 9106365
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.61.1.65-89.1997 -
Microorganisms Jul 2020Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) remains one of the main mechanisms of bacterial quinolone resistance and plays an important role in the transmission of...
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) remains one of the main mechanisms of bacterial quinolone resistance and plays an important role in the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, two novel plasmids, p3M-2A and p3M-2B, which mediate quinolone resistance in strain 3M (P3M) were identified. Of these, only p3M-2B appeared to be a -carrying plasmid. Both p3M-2A and p3M-2B could be transferred into , and the latter caused a twofold change in ciprofloxacin resistance, according to the measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Plasmid curing/complementation and qRT-PCR results showed that p3M-2A can directly regulate the expression of in p3M-2B under treatment with ciprofloxacin, in which process, was found to play an important role. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships of all reported -carrying plasmids and showed that in p3M-2B is the most conserved backbone for the normal function of -carrying plasmids. The identified direct repeats (DR) suggested that, from an evolutionary perspective, p3M-2B may have originated from the 2683-bp -carrying plasmid and may increase the possibility of plasmid recombination and then of transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of a novel -carrying plasmid isolated from a strain of shrimp origin and a plasmid that plays a regulatory role in expression. This study also sheds new light on plasmid evolution and on the mechanism of horizontal transfer of ARGs encoded by plasmids.
PubMed: 32708454
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071074