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Genes Jan 2021is an environmental bacterium, rarely isolated in clinical specimens, although it has been described as producing endocarditis and sepsis. Little is known about its...
is an environmental bacterium, rarely isolated in clinical specimens, although it has been described as producing endocarditis and sepsis. Little is known about its genome. Whole genome sequencing can be used to learn about the phylogeny, evolution, or pathogenicity of these isolates. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the resistome, virulome, and phylogenetic relationship of two strains, Ps542 and Ps799, isolated from a healthy fecal sample and a lettuce, respectively. Among all of the small number of genomes available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) repository, both strains were placed within one of two well-defined phylogenetic clusters. Both strains lacked antimicrobial resistance genes, but the Ps799 genome showed a MOB family relaxase. Nevertheless, this study revealed that possesses an important number of virulence factors, including a leukotoxin, flagella, pili, and the Type 2 and Type 6 Secretion Systems, that could be responsible for their pathogenesis. More phenotypical and in vivo studies are needed to deepen the association with human infections and the potential pathogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ducks; Endocarditis; Endodeoxyribonucleases; Feces; Food Microbiology; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Lactuca; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas mendocina; Sepsis; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 33477842
DOI: 10.3390/genes12010115 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease May 2020is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium that belongs in the family Pseudomonadaceae and has been isolated from water and soil. Even though it is thought to... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium that belongs in the family Pseudomonadaceae and has been isolated from water and soil. Even though it is thought to cause infections quite rarely in humans, it can cause severe infections even in immunocompetent individuals. The aim of this study was to systemically review all cases of human infection by in the literature and describe their epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes. Thus, a systematic review of PubMed for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of infections was conducted. In total, 12 studies, containing data of 16 patients, were included. The commonest infections were infective endocarditis, central nervous system infections and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Fever was the main presenting symptom, while sepsis was evident in almost half the patients. was susceptible to most antibiotics tested. Mortality was low in all different infection types. Third or fourth generation cephalosporins and quinolones are the commonest agents used for treatment, irrespectively of the infection site.
PubMed: 32375225
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020071 -
Cureus Mar 2022is a Gram-negative bacillus from the family Pseudomonadaceae. The first -related infection was reported in 1992. Although a rare cause of infections, has been known...
is a Gram-negative bacillus from the family Pseudomonadaceae. The first -related infection was reported in 1992. Although a rare cause of infections, has been known to cause severe infections that require intensive treatment. We present the first documented case of urinary tract infection caused by An 83-year-old male with a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and prostate cancer with bone metastases, currently being treated with abiraterone and prednisone, presented with subjective fever, fatigue, altered mental status, dysuria, and hematuria of one-week duration. He was found to have a complicated urinary tract infection with an incidental asymptomatic COVID-19 infection on admission. The patient was empirically treated with ceftriaxone and switched to cefepime for broader coverage on day two of hospitalization. Urine culture reported the presence of with resistance only to fluoroquinolones. Ceftriaxone was reinstated. The patient was successfully treated with a seven-day course of ceftriaxone (days 1-3, days 6-7) and cefepime (days 4-5) but continued to remain inpatient for a later symptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia with discharge on day 15. The majority of . infections present as skin and soft tissue infections, infective endocarditis, meningitis, and bacteremia. Ours is the first documented case of urinary tract infection caused by particularly in an immunocompromised COVID-19 patient, and the second to report with resistance to fluoroquinolones. This report contributes to the growing literature regarding -related infections.
PubMed: 35495004
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23583 -
MicroPublication Biology 2022experiences and microbiome have been shown to shape its responses to certain stimuli; a recent study found that grown on JUb39 exhibited increased attraction to that...
experiences and microbiome have been shown to shape its responses to certain stimuli; a recent study found that grown on JUb39 exhibited increased attraction to that same growth bacteria while also lowered repulsion to the odor 1-octanol (O’Donnell et al. 2020). This prompted us to ask whether other strains of bacteria could likewise alter responses to bacterial food and volatile chemicals. So, to expand upon current knowledge, we cultured wild-type (N2) on an unidentified ( sp?), (MSPm1), (MYb11), (JUb19), or strain ( sp?). After several generations, we examined how their choice of bacterial food was affected. In addition, we looked at their response to the olfactory stimuli 2-butanone; 2,3-butanedione; 2,3-pentanedione; and 2-nonanone, as well as their response to the gustatory stimulus sodium chloride. Interestingly, we found that growth on any of these bacterial strains led to their bacterial preferences and behavioral responses to 2-butanone; 2,3-pentanedione; diacetyl; and sodium chloride remaining unchanged. However, we also saw that showed a preference for MSPm1 and sp? to HB101, and HB101 to MYb11. Furthermore, worms that are grown on MSPm1 showed stronger attraction to a 1:10 dilution of 2-nonanone (AWB-sensed odorant) as compared to worms grown on the other bacterial strains.
PubMed: 35622520
DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000535 -
3 Biotech Nov 2019was identified as a novel endophytic isolate of with squalene cyclase activity. The PCR amplification of squalene hopene cyclase () gene from the isolate with the...
was identified as a novel endophytic isolate of with squalene cyclase activity. The PCR amplification of squalene hopene cyclase () gene from the isolate with the primers PA1/PA2 showed a band at 1980 bp specific for the enzyme squalene hopene cyclase. The in silico translation of the squalene hopene cyclase gene showed 96% sequence similarity with squalene hopene cyclase of (WP-060782422). Docking studies of the template and the modeled protein with the ligand squalene showed that the main interacting residues were Asp376 and Asp377. Squalene hopene cyclase template 1 sqc.1A sequence from was used as the template for docking experiments. The gene coding for squalene hopene cyclase from has been cloned in pET-28a vector to produce recombinant vector and was expressed in BL21 (DE3) expression system. Squalene hopene cyclase enzyme was isolated, purified and the molecular weight was confirmed by SDS-PAGE as 75 KDa.
PubMed: 31588405
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1901-7 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022Metformin is used globally to treat type II diabetes, has demonstrated anti-ageing and COVID mitigation effects and is a major anthropogenic pollutant to be...
Metformin is used globally to treat type II diabetes, has demonstrated anti-ageing and COVID mitigation effects and is a major anthropogenic pollutant to be bioremediated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Metformin is not adsorbed well by activated carbon and toxic N-chloro derivatives can form in chlorinated water. Most earlier studies on metformin biodegradation have used wastewater consortia and details of the genomes, relevant genes, metabolic products, and potential for horizontal gene transfer are lacking. Here, two metformin-biodegrading bacteria from a WWTP were isolated and their biodegradation characterized. sp. MET metabolized metformin stoichiometrically to guanylurea, an intermediate known to accumulate in some environments including WWTPs. MET completely metabolized metformin and utilized all the nitrogen atoms for growth. MET also metabolized metformin breakdown products sometimes observed in WWTPs: 1-N-methylbiguanide, biguanide, guanylurea, and guanidine. The genome of each bacterium was obtained. Genes involved in the transport of guanylurea in sp. MET were expressed heterologously and shown to serve as an antiporter to expel the toxic guanidinium compound. A novel guanylurea hydrolase enzyme was identified in MET, purified, and characterized. The and each contained one plasmid of 160 kb and 90 kb, respectively. In total, these studies are significant for the bioremediation of a major pollutant in WWTPs today.
PubMed: 36588930
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2023Monooxygenases, an important class of enzymes, have been the subject of enzyme engineering due to their high activity and versatile substrate scope. Reactions performed...
Monooxygenases, an important class of enzymes, have been the subject of enzyme engineering due to their high activity and versatile substrate scope. Reactions performed by these biocatalysts have long been monitored by a colorimetric method involving the coupling of a dye precursor to naphthalene hydroxylation products generated by the enzyme. Despite the popularity of this method, we found the dye product to be unstable, preventing quantitative readout. By incorporating an extraction step to solubilize the dye produced, we have improved this assay to the point where quantitation of enzyme activity is possible. Further, by incorporating spectral deconvolution, we have, for the first time, enabled independent quantification of the two possible regioisomeric products: 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. Previously, such analysis was only possible with chromatographic separation, increasing the cost and complexity of analysis. The efficacy of our improved workflow was evaluated by monitoring the activity of a toluene-4-monooxygenase enzyme from Pseudomonas mendocina KR-1. Our colorimetric regioisomer quantification was found to be consistent with chromatographic analysis by HPLC. The development and validation of a quantitative colorimetric assay for monooxygenase activity that enables regioisomeric distinction and quantification represents a significant advance in analytical methods to monitor enzyme activity. By maintaining facile, low-cost, high-throughput readout while incorporating quantification, this assay represents an important alternative to more expensive chromatographic quantification techniques.
Topics: Oxygenases; Mixed Function Oxygenases
PubMed: 36593585
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203322 -
Cureus Sep 2021is a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that rarely causes disease in humans. Documented infections can be severe with varying etiologies, often requiring...
is a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that rarely causes disease in humans. Documented infections can be severe with varying etiologies, often requiring intensive care. We describe a rare case of bacteremia with in an elderly male, with a comprehensive review of the literature. An 81-year-old Caucasian male presented with bilateral lower leg erythema and drainage but was afebrile. His past medical history included atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure. Labs showed leukocytosis and a blood culture was obtained revealing . The pathogen was susceptible to all antibiotics tested and he was successfully treated on cefepime inpatient and a two-week course of ciprofloxacin on discharge. Our case and literature review presents a successful treatment of a rare cause of bacteremia likely stemming from a soft tissue nidus. has a favorable susceptibility profile and the antibiotics preferred differ from , a more common pathogen. Worldwide there have been only 18 other documented cases of infection, all successful and with no mortality. Physicians can confidently utilize usual antibiotics in the treatment of this pathogen despite its rare clinical manifestations.
PubMed: 34659988
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17777 -
PLoS Genetics Mar 2024C. elegans can learn to avoid pathogenic bacteria through several mechanisms, including bacterial small RNA-induced learned avoidance behavior, which can be inherited...
C. elegans can learn to avoid pathogenic bacteria through several mechanisms, including bacterial small RNA-induced learned avoidance behavior, which can be inherited transgenerationally. Previously, we discovered that a small RNA from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14, induces learned avoidance and transgenerational inheritance of that avoidance in C. elegans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen, and there are other Pseudomonads in C. elegans' natural habitat, but it is unclear whether C. elegans ever encounters PA14-like bacteria in the wild. Thus, it is not known if small RNAs from bacteria found in C. elegans' natural habitat can also regulate host behavior and produce heritable behavioral effects. Here we screened a set of wild habitat bacteria, and found that a pathogenic Pseudomonas vranovensis strain isolated from the C. elegans microbiota, GRb0427, regulates worm behavior: worms learn to avoid this pathogenic bacterium following exposure, and this learned avoidance is inherited for four generations. The learned response is entirely mediated by bacterially-produced small RNAs, which induce avoidance and transgenerational inheritance, providing further support that such mechanisms of learning and inheritance exist in the wild. We identified Pv1, a small RNA expressed in P. vranovensis, that has a 16-nucleotide match to an exon of the C. elegans gene maco-1. Pv1 is both necessary and sufficient to induce learned avoidance of Grb0427. However, Pv1 also results in avoidance of a beneficial microbiome strain, P. mendocina. Our findings suggest that bacterial small RNA-mediated regulation of host behavior and its transgenerational inheritance may be functional in C. elegans' natural environment, and that this potentially maladaptive response may favor reversal of the transgenerational memory after a few generations. Our data also suggest that different bacterial small RNA-mediated regulation systems evolved independently, but define shared molecular features of bacterial small RNAs that produce transgenerationally-inherited effects.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA Interference; RNA, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bacteria
PubMed: 38547071
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011178 -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2022Two biosafety strains, identified as Pseudomonas mendocina S16 and Enterobacter cloacae DS'5, were isolated from freshwater aquaculture ponds and showed significant...
Nitrogen removal characteristics and potential application of the heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria Pseudomonas mendocina S16 and Enterobacter cloacae DS'5 isolated from aquaculture wastewater ponds.
Two biosafety strains, identified as Pseudomonas mendocina S16 and Enterobacter cloacae DS'5, were isolated from freshwater aquaculture ponds and showed significant heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification abilities. Within 48 h, the inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies in the two strains were 66.59 %-97.97 % (S16) and 72.27 %-96.44 % (DS'5). The optimal conditions for organic nitrogen removal of the two strains were temperature 20-35 °C and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio 10-20 while using sodium citrate as the carbon source. Sequence amplification demonstrated the presence of the denitrification genes in both the two strains, and quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the coupled expression of nap + nar would improve the nitrate removal rate in S16. The nitrogen removal efficiencies of the two strains in immobilization culture systems were 79.80 %-98.58 % (S16) and 60.80 %-98.40 % (DS'5). This study indicated the great potential application of the two strains in aquaculture tail water treatment.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Aquaculture; Bacteria; Denitrification; Enterobacter cloacae; Heterotrophic Processes; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Ponds; Pseudomonas mendocina; Wastewater
PubMed: 34910970
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126541