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Mutagenesis Aug 2023The aim of this study was to investigate if age and body mass of humans have an impact on the DNA-damaging properties of high-frequency mobile phone-specific...
Impact of mobile phone-specific electromagnetic fields on DNA damage caused by occupationally relevant exposures: results of ex vivo experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different demographic groups.
The aim of this study was to investigate if age and body mass of humans have an impact on the DNA-damaging properties of high-frequency mobile phone-specific electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF, 1950 MHz, universal mobile telecommunications system, UMTS signal) and if this form of radiation has an impact on the genotoxic effects of occupationally relevant exposures. Pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from three groups [young normal weight, young obese (YO), and older age normal weight individuals] were exposed to different doses of HF-EMF (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 W/kg specific absorption rate-SAR) and simultaneously or sequentially to different chemicals which cause DNA damage (CrO3, NiCl2, benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-BPDE, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-4NQO) via different molecular mechanisms. We found no difference in regard to the background values in the three groups but a significant increase of DNA damage (81% without and 36% with serum) in cells from old participants after radiation with 1.0 W/kg SAR 16 h. In combined treatment experiments we found no impact of the UMTS signal on chemically induced DNA damage in the different groups in general. However, a moderate decrease of DNA damage was seen in simultaneous treatment experiments with BPDE and 1.0 W/kg SAR in the YO group (decline 18%). Taken together our findings indicate that HF-EMF cause DNA damage in PBMC from older subjects (69.1 years). Furthermore, they show that the radiation does not increase induction of DNA damage by occupationally relevant chemicals.
Topics: Humans; Electromagnetic Fields; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide; DNA Damage; Cell Phone; Demography
PubMed: 37418160
DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead022 -
International Breastfeeding Journal Feb 2023The 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires (bushfires) resulted in prolonged extreme air pollution; little is known about the effects on breastfeeding women and their...
BACKGROUND
The 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires (bushfires) resulted in prolonged extreme air pollution; little is known about the effects on breastfeeding women and their infants. This study aimed to examine the impact of prolonged landscape fires on infant feeding methods and assess the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements in breast milk samples.
METHODS
From May - December 2020, women with asthma, who were feeding their infants during the fires, were recruited from an existing cohort. Data on infant feeding and maternal concern during the fires were retrospectively collected. Breast milk samples were collected from a sample of women during the fire period and compared with samples collected outside of the fire period for levels of 16 PAHs (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), and 20 elements (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry).
RESULTS
One-hundred-and-two women who were feeding infants completed the survey, and 77 provided 92 breast milk samples. Two women reported concern about the impact of fire events on their infant feeding method, while four reported the events influenced their decision. PAHs were detected in 34% of samples collected during, versus no samples collected outside, the fire period (cross-sectional analysis); specifically, fluoranthene (median concentration 0.015 mg/kg) and pyrene (median concentration 0.008 mg/kg) were detected. Women whose samples contained fluoranthene and pyrene were exposed to higher levels of fire-related fine particulate matter and more fire days, versus women whose samples had no detectable fluoranthene and pyrene. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulphur, and copper were detected in all samples. No samples contained chromium, lead, nickel, barium, or aluminium. No statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of elements between samples collected during the fire period versus outside the fire period.
CONCLUSIONS
Few women had concerns about the impact of fire events on infant feeding. Detection of fluoranthene and pyrene in breast milk samples was more likely during the 2019/2020 Australian fire period; however, levels detected were much lower than levels expected to be related to adverse health outcomes.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Australia; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Asthma
PubMed: 36823615
DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00550-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further...
The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. Here, the responses of to a defined mixture of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) at different concentrations or a natural mixture from an oilfield site with a history of several decades were studied based on transcriptomics sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics approaches. The results showed that upon 60-day PAH exposure, the growth of in terms of biomass ( < 0.01) and leaf area per plant ( < 0.05) was negatively correlated with total PAH concentration and significantly reduced at high PAH level. The majority of genes were switched on and metabolites were accumulated after exposure to PHE + PYR, but a larger set of genes (3964) or metabolites (208) showed a response to a natural PAH mixture in . The expression of genes involved in the pathways, such as chlorophyll cycle and degradation, circadian rhythm, jasmonic acid signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism, was remarkably regulated, enhancing the ability of to adapt to PAH exposure. Tightly associated with transcriptional regulation, metabolites mainly including sugars and secondary metabolites, especially those produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and their derivatives, were increased to fortify the adaptation of to PAH contamination. These results suggest that has a positive defense mechanism against PAHs, which opens new avenues for the research of phytoremediation mechanism and improvement of phytoremediation efficiency via a mechanism-based strategy.
Topics: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Echinacea; Phenanthrenes
PubMed: 37446196
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311020 -
Stem Cells and Development Jun 2022Lowest observable adverse effects level (LOAEL) is a standard point-of-departure dose in toxicology. However, first observable adverse effects level (FOAEL) was recently...
Using Live Imaging and Fluorescence Ubiquitinated Cell Cycle Indicator Embryonic Stem Cells to Distinguish G1 Cell Cycle Delays for General Stressors like Perfluoro-Octanoic Acid and Hyperosmotic Sorbitol or G2 Cell Cycle Delay for Mutagenic Stressors like Benzo(a)pyrene.
Lowest observable adverse effects level (LOAEL) is a standard point-of-departure dose in toxicology. However, first observable adverse effects level (FOAEL) was recently reported and is used, in this study, as one criterion to detect a mutagenic stimulus in a live imager. Fluorescence ubiquitinated cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) embryonic stem cells (ESC) are green in the S-G2-M phase of the cell cycle and not green in G1-phase. Standard media change here is a mild stress that delays G1-phase and media change increases green 2.5- to 5-fold. Since stress is mild, media change rapidly increases green cell number, but higher stresses of environmental toxicants and positive control hyperosmotic stress suppress increased green after media change. Perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) previously suppressed progression of nongreen to green cell cycle progression. Here, bisphenol A (BPA), cortisol, and positive control hyperosmotic sorbitol also suppress green fluorescence, but benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) at high doses (10 μM) increases green fluorescence throughout the 74-h exposure. Since any stress can affect many cell cycle phases, messenger RNA (mRNA) markers are best interpreted in ratios as dose-dependent mutagens increase in G2/G1 and nonmutagens increase G1/G2. After 74-h exposure, RNAseq detects G1 and G2 markers and increasing BaP doses increase G2/G1 ratios but increasing hyperosmotic sorbitol and PFOA doses increase G1/G2 marker ratios. BaP causes rapid green increase in FOAEL at 2 h of stimulus, whereas retinoic acid caused significant green fluorescence increases only late in culture. Using a live imager to establish FOAEL and G2 delay with FUCCI ESC is a new method to allow commercial and basic developmental biologists to detect drugs and environmental stimuli that are mutagenic. Furthermore, it can be used to test compounds that prevent mutations. In longitudinal studies, uniquely provided by this viable reporter and live imager protocol, follow-up can be done to test whether the preventative compound itself causes harm.
Topics: Benzo(a)pyrene; Caprylates; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Embryonic Stem Cells; Fluorescence; Mutagens; Sorbitol
PubMed: 35678645
DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0330 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Oct 2023The supramolecular self-assembly of pyrene-DNA conjugates into nanostructures is presented. DNA functionalized with different types of pyrene isomers at the 3'-end...
The supramolecular self-assembly of pyrene-DNA conjugates into nanostructures is presented. DNA functionalized with different types of pyrene isomers at the 3'-end self-assemble into nano-objects. The shape of the nanostructures is influenced by the type of pyrene isomer appended to the DNA. Multilamellar vesicles are observed with the 1,6- and 1,8-isomers, whereas conjugates of the 2,7-isomer exclusively assemble into spherical nanoparticles. Self-assembled nano-spheres obtained with the 2,7-dialkynyl pyrene isomer were used for the construction of an artificial light-harvesting complex (LHC) in combination with Cy3 as the energy acceptor.
Topics: Nanostructures; DNA; Nanoparticles; Pyrenes
PubMed: 37750811
DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01375h -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Aug 2022Air pollution can adversely affect the immune response and increase the severity of the viral disease. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between...
Air pollution can adversely affect the immune response and increase the severity of the viral disease. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between symptomatology, clinical course, and inflammation markers of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in Poland (n = 4432) and air pollution levels, i.e., mean 24 h and max 24 h level of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and particulate matter <10 μm (PM) and <2.5 μm (PM) during a week before their hospitalization. Exposures to PM and B(a)P exceeding the limits were associated with higher odds of early respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 and hyperinflammatory state: interleukin-6 > 100 pg/mL, procalcitonin >0.25 ng/mL, and white blood cells count >11 × 10/mL. Except for the mean 24 h PM level, the exceedance of other air pollution parameters was associated with increased odds for oxygen saturation <90%. Exposure to elevated PM and B(a)P levels increased the odds of oxygen therapy and death. This study evidences that worse air quality is related to increased severity of COVID-19 and worse outcome in hospitalized patients. Mitigating air pollution shall be an integral part of measures undertaken to decrease the disease burden during a pandemic of viral respiratory illness.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Benzo(a)pyrene; COVID-19; Environmental Exposure; Hospitalization; Humans; Particulate Matter; Poland
PubMed: 35580710
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119469 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2021Concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes ("dual use") is common among tobacco users. Little is known about differences in demographics and toxicant exposure...
INTRODUCTION
Concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes ("dual use") is common among tobacco users. Little is known about differences in demographics and toxicant exposure among subsets of dual users.
AIMS AND METHODS
We analyzed data from adult dual users (current every/some day users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes, n = 792) included in the PATH Study Wave 1 (2013-2014) and provided urine samples. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to nicotine and selected toxicants (tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK [NNAL], lead, cadmium, naphthalene [2-naphthol], pyrene [1-hydroxypyrene], acrylonitrile [CYMA], acrolein [CEMA], and acrylamide [AAMA]). Subsets of dual users were compared on demographic, behavioral, and biomarker measures to exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 2411) and exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 247).
RESULTS
Most dual users were predominant cigarette smokers (70%), followed by daily dual users (13%), non-daily concurrent dual users (10%), and predominant vapers (7%). Dual users who smoked daily showed significantly higher biomarker concentrations compared with those who did not smoke daily. Patterns of e-cigarette use had little effect on toxicant exposure. Dual users with high toxicant exposure were generally older, female, and smoked more cigarettes per day. Dual users who had low levels of biomarkers of exposure were generally younger, male, and smoked non-daily.
CONCLUSIONS
In 2013-2014, most dual users smoked cigarettes daily and used e-cigarettes occasionally. Cigarette smoking appears to be the primary driver of toxicant exposure among dual users, with little-to-no effect of e-cigarette use on biomarker levels. Results reinforce the need for dual users to stop smoking tobacco cigarettes to reduce toxicant exposure.
IMPLICATIONS
With considerable dual use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the United States, it is important to understand differences in toxicant exposure among subsets of dual users, and how these differences align with user demographics. Findings suggest most dual users smoke daily and use e-cigarettes intermittently. Low exposure to toxicants was most common among younger users, males, and intermittent smokers; high exposure to toxicants was most common among older users, females, and heavier cigarette smokers. Results underscore the heterogeneity occurring within dual users, and the need to quit smoking cigarettes completely in order to reduce toxicant exposure.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Metals, Heavy; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Smokers; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; United States; Vaping
PubMed: 33590857
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa252 -
Journal of Chemical Information and... Apr 2024This work presents new experimental viscosity and density data for aromatic and polyaromatic compounds in binary and ternary pyrene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and dodecane...
Viscosities and Densities of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Aliphatic and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons: Pyrene +1-Methylnaphthalene + Dodecane at = (293.15 to 343.15) K. Experiment and Modeling.
This work presents new experimental viscosity and density data for aromatic and polyaromatic compounds in binary and ternary pyrene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and dodecane mixtures. The lack of experimental viscosity data for these mixtures requires the development of a new database, which is vital for understanding the behavior of mixtures in more complex systems, such as asphaltenes and fuels. The mixtures proposed in this work have been measured over a temperature range of (293.15 to 343.15) K at atmospheric pressure. Several mixture compositions have been studied at these conditions: 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0% pyrene mass fraction. The concentration of pyrene correlates with an increase in the viscosity and density values. At the lowest temperature in binary mixtures, the corresponding values reach 4.4217 mPa·s for viscosity and 1.0447 × 10 kg·m for density, respectively. In ternary mixtures, the introduction of dodecane leads to the lowest maximum values of 3.5555 mPa·s for viscosity and 1.0112 × 10 kg·m for density at the same temperature. The experimental data have been employed for the specific modification of viscosity models. These modifications could facilitate the prediction of the viscosity of mixtures that are more complex than those presented in this work. Various viscosity models have been employed, such as Linear, Ratcliff and Khan, modified UNIFAC-Visco, and Krieger-Dougherty. The settings in the models used reliably reproduce the experiment reliably. However, the Ratcliff model agrees excellently with the experiment, having a low standard deviation (2.0%) compared to other models. Furthermore, a model based on the equation of state of Guo is proposed to predict the viscosity values by modifying the specific parameters and adjusting them to the mixtures proposed in this work. The results from this study are compared to previous work, where pyrene, toluene, and heptane mixtures were analyzed. In this case, we find that the decrease of aggregation grade in the present systems is predicted by the model fixed in this work.
Topics: Pyrenes; Viscosity; Naphthalenes; Alkanes; Temperature; Models, Chemical; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PubMed: 38500402
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01737 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021A wide variety of environmental contaminants has been shown to disrupt immune functions of fish and may compromise their defense capability against pathogens....
A wide variety of environmental contaminants has been shown to disrupt immune functions of fish and may compromise their defense capability against pathogens. Immunotoxic effects, however, are rarely considered in ecotoxicological testing strategies. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the suitability of an in vitro immuno-assay using selected fish immune parameters to screen for chemicals with known immunotoxic potential and to differentiate them from non-immunotoxicants. Non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 3 h or 19 h to chemicals with different modes of action. As immune parameters, phagocytosis activity, oxidative burst activity and cytokine transcription (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10) were examined, accompanied by in silico modelling. The immunotoxicants dexamethasone, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A significantly altered the immune parameters at non-cytotoxic concentrations whereas diclofenac had only weak effects. However, the two baseline chemicals with no known immunotoxic potential, butanol and ethylene glycol, caused significant effects, too. From our results it appears that the in vitro fish leukocyte assay as performed in the present study has only a limited capacity for discriminating between immunotoxicants and non-immunotoxicants.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzo(a)pyrene; Butanols; Dexamethasone; Diclofenac; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethylene Glycol; Female; Fish Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Head Kidney; Immunotoxins; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Leukocytes; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phagocytosis; Phenols; Primary Cell Culture; Respiratory Burst; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 33542403
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82711-5 -
International Journal of Occupational... Jul 2019Professional drivers are exposed to a number of factors that have a negative influence on their health status. These include vibrations, noise, the lack of fresh air in... (Review)
Review
Professional drivers are exposed to a number of factors that have a negative influence on their health status. These include vibrations, noise, the lack of fresh air in the car cabin, shift work (frequently at night), monotony resulting from permanent repetition of certain actions, static loads due to immobilization in a sitting position, stress resulting from the need to ensure safety in heavy traffic, as well as air pollution (dust, volatile organic substances, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, dioxins, furans and others). Factors associated with the specificity of the profession of a driver, including exposure to chemical substances, result in an increased risk of the development of many diseases, i.e., obesity, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxi drivers, lung cancer and other forms of cancer. In the case of drivers, especially those covering long distances, there are also actual difficulties related to ensuring a proper diet. Although attempts at interventional research that would change the principles of nutrition, as well as ensure physical activity and weight reduction, have been made, their results have not been satisfactory. The paper focuses on the discussion on the role of a diet and dietary phytochemicals in the prevention of adverse health effects of such chemicals as a mix of chemicals in the polluted air, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene and metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel), which are the main sources of exposure in the case of transport workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):441-64.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Automobile Driving; Benzene; Benzo(a)pyrene; Diet; Humans; Metals, Heavy; Nutritional Status; Occupational Exposure; Phytochemicals; Transportation
PubMed: 31099343
DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01434