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3 Biotech Nov 2019The effect of co-culturing white-rot fungus with growth-promoting bacterial strains sp. TN3W-14 and sp. TN3W-8 on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...
The effect of co-culturing white-rot fungus with growth-promoting bacterial strains sp. TN3W-14 and sp. TN3W-8 on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated in liquid culture. In axenic cultures, strains TN3F and TMIC33929 showed high degradation of phenanthrene (> 98%) within 15 days, and degraded 65% and 63% of pyrene, and 12% and 8% of benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. This low level of degradation ability toward benzo(a)pyrene was improved significantly by co-culturing the fungi with a mixture of bacterial strains TN3W-8 and TN3W-14 (mixed bacterial co-culture; MBC). Within 15 days, TN3F with MBC achieved about 86% pyrene and 53% benzo(a)pyrene degradation; TMIC33929 with MBC showed 92% pyrene and 72% benzo(a)pyrene degradation. The MBC alone degraded little PAH, as its growth was inhibited by PAH; however, its co-culture with improved mycelial growth of the fungus, which led to improved degradation of the PAHs. A possible dihydrodiol metabolite of pyrene from fungal cultures suggests that hydroxylation was the first step in the degradation of pyrene by .
PubMed: 31681524
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1932-0 -
The Science of the Total Environment Apr 2023Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated by incomplete combustion of organic matter. They have health effects in multiple organs and can cause lung, skin,...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated by incomplete combustion of organic matter. They have health effects in multiple organs and can cause lung, skin, and bladder cancers in humans. Although data regarding their toxicity is available, information on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of PAHs in humans is very limited. In the present study, deuterium-labeled naphthalene (Nap), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr) were orally administered as a single dose (0.02-0.04 mg/kg) to eight healthy adults. Both serum and urine samples were monitored for 72 h after the exposure. Parent compounds and PAH metabolites (monohydroxy-PAHs; OH-PAHs) were measured by headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Based on the time-concentration profiles in serum and urine, non-compartmental analysis was performed, and two-compartment models were constructed and validated for each PAH. Subsequently, all of the parent compounds were rapidly absorbed (T: 0.25 to 1.50 h) after oral administration and excreted in urine with a biological half-life (T) of 1.01 to 2.99 h. The fractional urinary excretion (F) of OH-PAHs ranged from 0.07 % to 11.3 %; their T values ranged from 3.4 to 11.0 h. The two-compartment models successfully described the toxicokinetic characteristics of each PAH and its metabolites. F and the two-compartment models could be useful tools for exposure simulation or dose-reconstruction of PAHs. The results of this study will provide useful information for interpreting biomonitoring data of PAHs.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Toxicokinetics; Pyrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Phenanthrenes; Naphthalenes; Fluorenes; Biomarkers; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36716884
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161899 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Oct 2020Infertility resulting from reproductive impairment is traumatic in families. Exposure to chemicals may play insidious roles not easily connected to infertility. We...
Infertility resulting from reproductive impairment is traumatic in families. Exposure to chemicals may play insidious roles not easily connected to infertility. We examined benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and -methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity and the role of in mitigating toxicity. In a bid to illuminate folk medical claims cloaked in mystery, unearthing lost knowledge, advance natural chemopreventive agents, and report new evidence lacking in the literature attributed to . Although is known to exhibit anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic effects in humans, its possible roles for mitigating toxicity stemming from inadvertent chemical exposures are reported here. Our findings affirm and further show that abates toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage and inflammatory responses associated with NMU and BaP exposure. Development of phytochemical derived from may serve as a potential natural therapy against chemical toxicities in individuals inadvertently exposed, and promote human health and reproductive satiety.
Topics: Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Fabaceae; Female; Hormones; Inflammation; Methylnitrosourea; Organ Size; Ovary; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Uterus; Vincristine; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
PubMed: 32746633
DOI: 10.1177/1535370220947387 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Elucidating the relative importance of species interactions and assembly mechanisms in regulating bacterial community structure and functions, especially the abundant...
Elucidating the relative importance of species interactions and assembly mechanisms in regulating bacterial community structure and functions, especially the abundant and rare subcommunities, is crucial for understanding the influence of environmental disturbance in shaping ecological functions. However, little is known about how polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) stress alters the stability and functions of the abundant and rare taxa. Here, we performed soil microcosms with gradient pyrene stresses as a model ecosystem to explore the roles of community assembly in determining structures and functions of the abundant and rare subcommunities. The dose-effect of pyrene significantly altered compositions of abundant and rare subcommunities. With increasing pyrene stresses, diversity increased in abundant subcommunities, while it decreased in the rare. Importantly, the abundant taxa exhibited a much broader niche width and environmental adaptivity than the rare, contributing more to pyrene biodegradation, whereas rare taxa played a key role in improving subcommunity resistance to stress, potentially promoting community persistence and stability. Furthermore, subcommunity co-occurrence network analysis revealed that abundant taxa inclined to occupy the core and central position in adaptation to the pyrene stresses. Stochastic processes played key roles in the abundant subcommunity rather than the rare subcommunity. Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the ecological mechanisms and interactions of abundant and rare taxa in response to pollution stress, laying a leading theoretical basis that abundant taxa are core targets for biostimulation in soil remediation.
PubMed: 34276621
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689762 -
Microbial Ecology Jul 2023Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under completely anaerobic sulfate-reducing conditions is an energetically challenging process. To date,...
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under completely anaerobic sulfate-reducing conditions is an energetically challenging process. To date, anaerobic degradations of only two-ringed naphthalene and three-ringed phenanthrene by sediment-free and enriched sulfate-reducing bacteria have been reported. In this study, sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures capable of degrading naphthalene and four-ringed PAH, pyrene, were enriched from a contaminated former gas plant site soil. Bacterial community composition analysis revealed that a naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture, MMNap, was dominated (84.90%) by a Gram-positive endospore-forming member of the genus Desulfotomaculum with minor contribution (8.60%) from a member of Clostridium. The pyrene-degrading enrichment, MMPyr, was dominated (97.40%) by a species of Desulfotomaculum. The sequences representing the Desulfotomaculum phylotypes shared 98.80% similarity to each other. After 150 days of incubation, MMNap degraded 195 µM naphthalene with simultaneous reduction of sulfate and accumulation of sulfide. Similarly, MMPyr degraded 114 µM pyrene during 180 days of incubation with nearly stochiometric sulfate consumption and sulfide accumulation. In both cases, the addition of sulfate reduction inhibitor, molybdate (20 mM), resulted in complete cessation of the substrate utilization and sulfate reduction that clearly indicated the major role of the sulfate-reducing Desulfotomaculum in biodegradation of the two PAHs. This study is the first report on anaerobic pyrene degradation by a matrix-free, strictly anaerobic, and sulfate-reducing enrichment culture.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Sulfates; Naphthalenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 35610382
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02042-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further...
The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. Here, the responses of to a defined mixture of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) at different concentrations or a natural mixture from an oilfield site with a history of several decades were studied based on transcriptomics sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics approaches. The results showed that upon 60-day PAH exposure, the growth of in terms of biomass ( < 0.01) and leaf area per plant ( < 0.05) was negatively correlated with total PAH concentration and significantly reduced at high PAH level. The majority of genes were switched on and metabolites were accumulated after exposure to PHE + PYR, but a larger set of genes (3964) or metabolites (208) showed a response to a natural PAH mixture in . The expression of genes involved in the pathways, such as chlorophyll cycle and degradation, circadian rhythm, jasmonic acid signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism, was remarkably regulated, enhancing the ability of to adapt to PAH exposure. Tightly associated with transcriptional regulation, metabolites mainly including sugars and secondary metabolites, especially those produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and their derivatives, were increased to fortify the adaptation of to PAH contamination. These results suggest that has a positive defense mechanism against PAHs, which opens new avenues for the research of phytoremediation mechanism and improvement of phytoremediation efficiency via a mechanism-based strategy.
Topics: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Echinacea; Phenanthrenes
PubMed: 37446196
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311020 -
Journal of Separation Science Sep 2022In this study, we present a new approach for in-capillary fluorescent labeling of N-glycans prior to their analysis with CE coupled with laser-induced fluorescent...
In this study, we present a new approach for in-capillary fluorescent labeling of N-glycans prior to their analysis with CE coupled with laser-induced fluorescent detection. This integrated approach allows using a CE capillary as a microreactor to perform several steps required for labeling glycans with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6 trisulfonic acid and at the same time as a separation channel for CE of fluorescently labeled glycans. This could be achieved through careful optimization of all different steps, including sequential injections of fluorescent dye and glycan plugs, mixing by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, incubation in a thermostatic zone, and finally separation and detection with CE. Such a complex sample treatment protocol for glycan labeling that is feasible thus far only in batchwise mode can now be converted into an automated and integrated protocol. Our approach was applied successfully to analyze fluorescently labeled N-linked oligosaccharides released from human immunoglobulin G and rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used for cancer treatment. We demonstrated the superiority of this in-capillary approach over the conventional in-tube protocol, with fourfold less reagent consumption and full automation without remarkable degradation of the glycan separation profile obtained by capillary electrophoresis.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Fluorescent Dyes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Pyrenes; Rituximab
PubMed: 35820058
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200340 -
Theranostics 2020MCL-1 is up-regulated in cancer and a target for cancer treatment. How MCL-1 is up-regulated and whether MCL-1 up-regulation plays a role in tumorigenic process is not...
MCL-1 is up-regulated in cancer and a target for cancer treatment. How MCL-1 is up-regulated and whether MCL-1 up-regulation plays a role in tumorigenic process is not well-known. Arsenic and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are well-recognized lung carcinogens and we recently reported that arsenic and BaP co-exposure acts synergistically in inducing cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property and lung tumorigenesis. This study was performed to further investigate the underlying mechanism focusing on the role of MCL-1. The spheroid formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenesis assay were used to determine the CSC-like property and tumorigenicity of arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, respectively. Biochemical, pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to manipulate gene expressions, dissect signaling pathways and determine protein-protein interactions. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches were used to validate the role of MCL-1 in arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-enhanced CSC-like property and tumorigenicity. Arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed cells express significantly higher protein levels of MCL-1 than the passage-matched control, arsenic or BaP exposure alone-transformed cells. Knocking down MCL-1 levels in arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed cells significantly reduced their apoptosis resistance, CSC-like property and tumorigenicity in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that arsenic plus BaP co-exposure up-regulates MCL-1 protein levels by synergistically activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to increase the level of a deubiquitinase USP7, which in turn reduces the level of MCL-1 protein ubiquitination and prevents its subsequent proteasome degradation. The deubiquitinase USP7-mediated MCL-1 up-regulation enhances arsenic and BaP co-exposure-induced CSC-like property and tumorigenesis, providing the first evidence demonstrating that USP7 stabilizes MCL-1 protein during the tumorigenic process.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Benzo(a)pyrene; Carcinogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Deubiquitinating Enzymes; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 32802178
DOI: 10.7150/thno.47897 -
Cancer Research Dec 2020Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer and remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer and remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS is the prevailing oncogenic driver of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histologic form of NSCLC. In this study, we examined the role of PKCϵ, an oncogenic kinase highly expressed in NSCLC and other cancers, in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Database analysis revealed an association between PKCϵ expression and poor outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma specifically harboring KRAS mutations. A PKCϵ-deficient, conditionally activatable allele of oncogenic ( ;PKCϵ mice) demonstrated the requirement of PKCϵ for -driven lung tumorigenesis , which was consistent with impaired transformed growth reported in PKCϵ-deficient KRAS-dependent NSCLC cells. Moreover, PKCϵ-knockout mice were found to be less susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogen that induces mutations in . Mechanistic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed little overlap for PKCϵ and KRAS in the control of genes and biological pathways relevant in NSCLC, suggesting that a permissive role of PKCϵ in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis may involve nonredundant mechanisms. Our results thus, highlight the relevance and potential of targeting PKCϵ for lung cancer therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis requires PKCϵ expression and highlight the potential for developing PKCϵ-targeted therapies for oncogenic RAS-driven malignancies.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lung Neoplasms; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Protein Kinase C-epsilon; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
PubMed: 32994205
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1300 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low bioavailability, which affects their bioactivity. Nanoencapsulation can increase bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines.
PURPOSE
This recent finding tried to unravel anti-cancer and chemopreventive of nano-encapsulated by Na-alginate.
STUDY DESIGN
bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized using UV-Vis spectrometer, FTIR, NMR and HR-MS. extract was nanoencapsulated using Na-alginate. Anti-cancer effect was assessed by MTT assay towards T47D cell. Meanwhile, a chemopreventive analysis was carried out in breast cancer mice-induced benzo[α]pyrene. The healthy mice were divided into 8 groups comprising control and treatment.
RESULTS
Elucidation of ethyl acetate extract confirmed high catechin content, 89.34% (w/w). Successful nanoencapsulation of () was indicated. The particle size of was 78.40 ± 12.25 nm. Loading efficiency (LE) and loading amount (LA) of were 97.56 ± 0.04% and 32.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. had an EC value of 10.39 ± 3.50 µg/mL, which was more toxic than the EC value of extract towards the T47D cell line. Administration of 200 mg/kg BW to mice induced by benzo[α]pyrene exhibited SOD and GSH levels of 13.69 ng/mL and 455.6 ng/mL. In addition, the lowest TNF-α level was 27.96 ng/mL. A dose of 100 mg/kg BW could best increase CAT levels by 7.18 ng/mL. There was no damage or histological abnormalities found in histological analysis of the breast tissue in the group given 200 mg/kg BW .
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Plant Extracts; Benzo(a)pyrene; Plants, Medicinal; Catechin; Alginates; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37555190
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S403385