-
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Giant Cell Arteritis; Scalp
PubMed: 36999299
DOI: No ID Found -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Nov 2023Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Although medications are the primary treatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Although medications are the primary treatment option, their efficacy remains unclear. Thus, alternative therapies such as scalp acupuncture have gained momentum; however, evidence for the effectiveness of scalp acupuncture remains insufficient. Therefore, this review provides evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of scalp acupuncture for the treatment of migraines.
DESIGN
PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, NDSL, Citation Information by NII, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from their inception to September 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) without language restrictions. Data were collected and analysed independently by two reviewers. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software (V5.4).
SETTING
Eight RCTs including 874 patients were selected.
RESULTS
Scalp acupuncture had a higher total effective rate (relative risk [RR]:1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08-1.43; P < 0.01) than that of ordinary acupuncture. The headache index decreased significantly (standardised mean differences [SMD]:-1.27; 95% CI:-2.06 to -0.48; P < 0.01), and the total effective rate was higher (RR:1.20; 95% CI:1.06-1.37; P < 0.01) with scalp acupuncture than with medications. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of scalp acupuncture was not robust. No adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSION
Scalp acupuncture appears to be more effective than other treatments for migraines. However, their safety remains uncertain.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022348879.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Migraine Disorders; Acupuncture Therapy; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Headache
PubMed: 37783377
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102991 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been considered as a promising treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of PRP-Therapy, Minoxidil, and Their Combination with Immunohistochemical Study of the Dynamics of Cell Proliferation in the Treatment of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia.
UNLABELLED
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been considered as a promising treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of PRP-therapy, minoxidil, and their combination in the treatment of men with AGA and to evaluate the effects of PRP on the proliferation of hair follicle (HF) cells in skin biopsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study involved 69 men who were divided into 3 groups who received PRP therapy, minoxidil, and their combination. The clinical efficacy of the therapy was evaluated by the dynamics of morphometric of hairs. To assess cell proliferation antibodies to β-catenin, CD34, Ki67, and to Dkk-1 were used.
RESULTS
PRP treatment was more effective than minoxidil therapy ( = 0.005). Complex therapy turned out to be more effective than minoxidil monotherapy ( < 0.0001) and PRP monotherapy ( = 0.007). After applying PRP the absolute and relative values of the β-catenin and CD34 expression area increased; an increase in Ki67+ index was also significant.
CONCLUSIONS
PRP can be considered as a treatment option for AGA. Combined PRP and minoxidil use seems promising for the treatment of AGA. PRP increase in the proliferative activity of HF cells and improves hair morphology in patients with AGA.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Biopsy; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Combined Modality Therapy; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Minoxidil; Platelet Transfusion; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Scalp; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32899959
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186516 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2019
Topics: Alopecia; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Infant; Nevus; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31285380
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.190030 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryEpidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign developmental anomalies that can form anywhere in the body. Despite the rarity of incidence in the head and neck, they can arise... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign developmental anomalies that can form anywhere in the body. Despite the rarity of incidence in the head and neck, they can arise at a variety of craniofacial locations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of epidermoid and dermoid cysts arising in the craniofacial region with a literature review.
METHODS
A retrospective study was designed, and clinical features and surgical considerations were investigated from a literature review. Cases of epidermoid cysts in the scalp, temporal area, glabellar area, mouth floor, and buccal mucosa were described.
RESULTS
Dermoid cysts in more lateral regions of the scalp are rarely associated with intracranial extension. Because temporal dermoid cysts have a high rate of intracranial extension, radiological evaluation of the lesions in the temporal area is imperative. Epidermoid cysts in the glabellar area are usually superficial. Consideration of the surgical approach for an epidermoid cyst of the mouth floor is important. Because epidermoid cysts in the buccal mucosa are extremely rare, differential diagnosis was emphasized. Epidermoid cysts in the scalp, in the temporal intradiploic area, on the glabellar area in the periorbital region, in the mouth floor, and in the buccal mucosa were surgically excised considering the depth and location. Ten cases of epidermoid cysts in the buccal mucosa were retrieved from the literature review.
CONCLUSIONS
Consideration of the anatomic locations of epidermoid and dermoid cysts in the craniofacial region might help facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Epidermal Cyst; Dermoid Cyst; Retrospective Studies; Face; Scalp
PubMed: 37487139
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009561 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Alopecia; Child; Tinea; Scalp; Antifungal Agents; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 38830674
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231613-f -
Skin Therapy Letter Jul 2022Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous condition found on chronically sun-damaged skin, particularly on the face, scalp, arms, and legs. Early and effective... (Review)
Review
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous condition found on chronically sun-damaged skin, particularly on the face, scalp, arms, and legs. Early and effective treatment of AKs is important to prevent progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Many topical treatments for AKs are often limited because of poor tolerability, prolonged treatment duration, and reduced adherence. Tirbanibulin 1% ointment, a new topical field therapy for AKs, reduces these issues. It requires a consecutive 5-day application period and is effective, demonstrating complete (100%) clearance of AK lesions in 49% of patients, partial (>75%) clearance in 72%, and a median reduction in lesion count of 87.5% while exhibiting a favorable safety profile, mild adverse events, improved tolerability, and long-term results.
Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Topical; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Morpholines; Pyridines; Scalp; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35857917
DOI: No ID Found -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2023Meningiomas are a type of tumor that arises from meningothelial cells and primarily develops in intracranial space, being some of the most common benign tumors of the... (Review)
Review
Meningiomas are a type of tumor that arises from meningothelial cells and primarily develops in intracranial space, being some of the most common benign tumors of the central nervous system. However, meningiomas can rarely occur on the scalp and are called primary cutaneous meningiomas. Since the pathogenesis of these lesions is still uncertain, these tumors still pose challenges in terms of histopathological diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss the main cases of scalp meningiomas in the literature, their classification, pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis, differential diagnosis with other scalp lesions and the most effective treatment. This study highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions located on the scalp.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Scalp; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelial Cells; Meningeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38184826
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.64.4.02 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Mar 2022Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, whose development is typically detected via early seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is prevalently employed...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, whose development is typically detected via early seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is prevalently employed for seizure identification due to its routine and low expense collection. The stochastic nature of EEG makes manual seizure inspections laborsome, motivating automated seizure identification. The relevant literature focuses mostly on supervised machine learning. Despite their success, supervised methods require expert labels indicating seizure segments, which are difficult to obtain on clinically-acquired EEG. Thus, we aim to devise an unsupervised method for seizure identification on EEG.
METHODS
We propose the first fully-unsupervised deep learning method for seizure identification on raw EEG, using a variational autoencoder (VAE). In doing so, we train the VAE on recordings without seizures. As training captures non-seizure activity, we identify seizures with respect to the reconstruction errors at inference time. Moreover, we extend the traditional VAE training loss to suppress EEG artifacts. Our method does not require ground-truth expert labels indicating seizure segments or manual feature extraction.
RESULTS
We implement our method using the PyTorch library and execute experiments on an NVIDIA V100 GPU. We evaluate our method on three benchmark EEG datasets: (i) intracranial recordings from the University of Pennsylvania and the Mayo Clinic, (ii) scalp recordings from the Temple University Hospital of Philadelphia, and (iii) scalp recordings from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Boston Children's Hospital. To assess performance, we report accuracy, precision, recall, Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), and p-value under the Welch t-test for distinguishing seizure vs. non-seizure EEG windows. Our approach can successfully distinguish seizures from non-seizure activity, with up to 0.83 AUC on intracranial recordings. Moreover, our algorithm has the potential for real-time inference, by processing at least 10 s of EEG in a second.
CONCLUSION
We take the first successful steps in deep learning-based unsupervised seizure identification on raw EEG. Our approach has the potential of alleviating the burden on clinical experts regarding laborsome EEG inspections for seizures. Furthermore, aiding the identification of early seizures via our method could facilitate successful detection of epilepsy development and initiate antiepileptogenic therapies.
Topics: Algorithms; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Scalp; Seizures
PubMed: 34999533
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106604 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Dec 2021Posterior cortex seizures have a complex semiologic presentation that is especially challenging in the pediatric population. Therefore, using clinical presentation in... (Review)
Review
Posterior cortex seizures have a complex semiologic presentation that is especially challenging in the pediatric population. Therefore, using clinical presentation in localizing ictal involvement is not sufficient in children, thus making this type of epilepsy quite under-recognized. As most of the ictal symptoms are subjective and could well be overshadowed by symptoms arising from adjacent cortices, primarily temporal and central ones, it is necessary not to overlook this large source of pharmacoresistant epilepsies. The parietal lobe as part of an extensive synaptic network is a great imitator, thus quite often producing inaccurate localization readings on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) due to very scattered interictal discharges and uninformative ictal recordings. Using direct cortical recordings in delineating the epileptogenic zone is helpful in some cases but even highly experienced epileptologists may erroneously interpret some features as arising from other localizations, especially the frontal lobe. Epilepsy surgery from the posterior quadrant is still quite rare and relatively unsuccessful, especially in non-lesional epilepsies due to elaborate mechanisms of connectivity, misleading semiology, and non-localizing EEG recordings, possibly due to insufficiency of parietal cortex synchronicity. Applying the aforementioned to the pediatric age makes it perhaps the most difficult challenge for a pediatric epileptologist.
Topics: Humans; Child; Electroencephalography; Seizures; Frontal Lobe; Epilepsy; Scalp
PubMed: 36405000
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.s3.03