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Acta Psychologica Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Personality; Self Report
PubMed: 37316377
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103954 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2020Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a 7-wk tailored occupation-based intervention can reduce perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhance perceived performance of and satisfaction with daily roles and activities among women with ADHD.
DESIGN
Randomization to intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups.
SETTING
Home and community.
PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-three participants ages 20-55 yr, English speaking, and with a self-reported diagnosis of ADHD.
INTERVENTION
The intervention was administered for 7 wk in individual 1-hr sessions and addressed routine establishment, organization, time management, stress management, and sensory regulation in the home and community.
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
RESULTS
At 1-wk postintervention, statistically significant differences were found between intervention and control groups in perceived stress (Z = -3.838, p < .000, d = -2.66), ADHD symptoms (Z = -3.605, p < .000, d = -2.17), and COPM Performance (Z = -4.074, p < .000, d = 3.04) and Satisfaction change scores (Z = -3.759, p < .000, d = 2.82).
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
A 7-wk tailored intervention reduced perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhanced perceived performance of and satisfaction with desired occupational roles and activities in a sample of women with ADHD. Further research is warranted to determine whether the intervention can be useful to women with ADHD beyond the present sample.
WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
This intervention may offer an effective nonpharmacological option for women with ADHD symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Canada; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Research Design; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 32078512
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.033316 -
Personality Disorders May 2023Psychopathy is a collection of personality traits and behaviors that are associated with costly personal, interpersonal, and societal outcomes. The nature of this...
Psychopathy is a collection of personality traits and behaviors that are associated with costly personal, interpersonal, and societal outcomes. The nature of this construct has been widely debated across decades of literature, and such debates have produced a multitude of instruments for the measurement of psychopathy. These measures include self-reports and clinical interviews, yet little work has examined the degree to which measurements of psychopathy may differ across these modalities and whether such potential differences may impact the associations commonly found with psychopathy (e.g., impulsivity). To this end, we applied psychometric network and item response theory analyses to data obtained from the interview-based Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version and the Levenson Self-Report of Psychopathy in the same sample. Our results revealed similarities and differences across measurement modalities. Regarding the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version, Factor 2 items were more important to the psychopathy construct (i.e., the most central and contributed more information than Factor 1 items), whereas Factor 1 items were more important to the Levenson Self-Report of Psychopathy. Factor 1 items were positively linked with Positive Urgency and were either negatively associated or not associated with Negative Urgency. In contrast, Factor 2 items were positively linked with Negative Urgency in both networks. Our analyses also revealed that dishonesty and irresponsibility served as the primary bridges connecting the factors of psychopathy in both networks. We make suggestions for improving the assessment of psychopathy by implementing self-report and interview measures that allow scores to be compared directly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Self Report; Psychometrics; Impulsive Behavior; Problem Behavior
PubMed: 35446100
DOI: 10.1037/per0000565 -
Arthritis Care & Research Oct 2020
Review
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Self Report
PubMed: 33091242
DOI: 10.1002/acr.24211 -
Military Psychology : the Official... 2023Criterion measures vary greatly in terms of their psychometric quality and ease of use. This paper serves two purposes. First, it provides a general summary of different... (Review)
Review
Criterion measures vary greatly in terms of their psychometric quality and ease of use. This paper serves two purposes. First, it provides a general summary of different approaches to criterion measurement in a military context. Second, it provides an extensive review of 16 specific types of criterion measurement methods (e.g., job performance rating scales, self-report questionnaires, job knowledge tests) on nine psychometric and ease-of-use evaluation factors. Eight criterion measurement experts read a summary of extant research and made ratings to evaluate each measurement method on the evaluation factors. Rater intra-class correlations (ICCs) were high, ranging from .75 to .95 across the evaluation dimensions with a median of .91. Data showed a quality-feasibility tradeoff, where criterion data that are easy to obtain often have technical flaws. Recommendations for military services and future directions in criterion measurement (e.g., applications of machine learning) are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Psychometrics; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37352453
DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2050165 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2022Everyday experience suggests that sleep and affect are closely linked, with daytime affect influencing how we sleep, and sleep influencing subsequent affect. Yet... (Review)
Review
Everyday experience suggests that sleep and affect are closely linked, with daytime affect influencing how we sleep, and sleep influencing subsequent affect. Yet empirical evidence for this bidirectional relationship between sleep and affect in non-clinical adult samples remains mixed, which may be due to heterogeneity in both construct definitions and measurement. This conceptual review proposes a granular framework that deconstructs sleep and affect findings according to three subordinate dimensions, namely domains (which are distinct for sleep and affect), methods (i.e., self-report vs. behavioral/physiological measures), and timescale (i.e., shorter vs. longer). We illustrate the value of our granular framework through a systematic review of empirical studies published in PubMed (N = 80 articles). We found that in some cases, particularly for sleep disturbances and sleep duration, our framework identified robust evidence for associations with affect that are separable by domain, method, and timescale. However, in most other cases, evidence was either inconclusive or too sparse, resulting in no clear patterns. Our review did not find support for granular bidirectionality between sleep and affect. We suggest a roadmap for future studies based on gaps identified by our review and discuss advantages and disadvantages of our granular dimensional framework.
Topics: Adult; Empirical Research; Humans; Self Report; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 36088755
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101670 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Jul 2022Social media use can sometimes become excessive and damaging. To deal with this issue, scholars and practitioners have called for the development of measures that...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Social media use can sometimes become excessive and damaging. To deal with this issue, scholars and practitioners have called for the development of measures that predict social media use. The current studies test the utility of evaluation and self-identification measures for predicting social media use.
METHOD
Study 1 examined the relation between evaluation (n = 58) and self-identification (n = 56) measures on the one hand and several self-report measures of social media use on the other hand. Study 2 examined whether the main results of Study 1 could be replicated and whether evaluation (n = 68) and self-identification (n = 48) also relate to actual social media use. We probed evaluation and self-identification using implicit and explicit measures.
RESULTS
Explicit evaluation and self-identification measures significantly correlated with several of the self-report measures of social media. Explicit evaluation also significantly correlated with several indices of actual social media use. Implicit measures did not relate to social media use.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The current results suggest that researchers and practitioners could benefit from using explicit evaluation and self-identification measures when predicting social media use, especially an evaluation measure since this measure also seems to relate to actual social media use. Study 2 was one of the first to test the ecological validity of social media use measures. Although implicit measures could provide benefits for predicting social media use, the current studies did not show evidence for their predictive utility.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept; Self Report; Social Media
PubMed: 35895558
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00042 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Tobacco causes premature death through cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease [...].
Tobacco causes premature death through cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease [...].
Topics: Humans; Self Report; Biological Monitoring; Smoking; Nicotiana; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36767170
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031801 -
Behavior Modification Jul 2022Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological...
Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-report measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality, as rated by the participants themselves and observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers' evaluations.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Self Report; Speech
PubMed: 33593107
DOI: 10.1177/0145445521994308 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Dec 2019
Topics: Adolescent; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report
PubMed: 32186594
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.v90i6.1314