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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying... (Review)
Review
Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Tracking; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Machine Learning; Nanotechnology; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33256146
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235554 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Bacterial infection is a global burden that results in numerous hospital visits and deaths annually. The rise of multi-drug resistant bacteria has dramatically increased... (Review)
Review
Bacterial infection is a global burden that results in numerous hospital visits and deaths annually. The rise of multi-drug resistant bacteria has dramatically increased this burden. Therefore, there is a clinical need to detect and identify bacteria rapidly and accurately in their native state or a culture-free environment. Current diagnostic techniques lack speed and effectiveness in detecting bacteria that are culture-negative, as well as options for in vivo detection. The optical detection of bacteria offers the potential to overcome these obstacles by providing various platforms that can detect bacteria rapidly, with minimum sample preparation, and, in some cases, culture-free directly from patient fluids or even in vivo. These modalities include infrared, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy, along with optical coherence tomography, interference, polarization, and laser speckle. However, these techniques are not without their own set of limitations. This review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of utilizing each of these optical tools for rapid bacteria detection and identification.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Culture Media; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lasers; Microscopy, Interference; Optics and Photonics; Point-of-Care Testing; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Streptomyces; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Ultraviolet Rays; Vibration
PubMed: 33187331
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225256 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2022Biopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the field of medicine in the types of active ingredient molecules and treatable indications. Adoption of Quality by Design and... (Review)
Review
Biopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the field of medicine in the types of active ingredient molecules and treatable indications. Adoption of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) frameworks has helped the biopharmaceutical field to realize consistent product quality, process intensification, and real-time control. As part of the PAT strategy, Raman spectroscopy offers many benefits and is used successfully in bioprocessing from single-cell analysis to cGMP process control. Since first introduced in 2011 for industrial bioprocessing applications, Raman has become a first-choice PAT for monitoring and controlling upstream bioprocesses because it facilitates advanced process control and enables consistent process quality. This paper will discuss new frontiers in extending these successes in upstream from scale-down to commercial manufacturing. New reports concerning the use of Raman spectroscopy in the basic science of single cells and downstream process monitoring illustrate industrial recognition of Raman's value throughout a biopharmaceutical product's lifecycle. Finally, we draw upon a nearly 90-year history in biological Raman spectroscopy to provide the basis for laboratory and in-line measurements of protein quality, including higher-order structure and composition modifications, to support formulation development.
Topics: Biological Products; Quality Control; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 34668998
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03727-4 -
Analytical Chemistry Jul 2022Glycan analysis has evolved considerably during the last decade. The advent of high-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry has enabled the separation of isomers with only...
Glycan analysis has evolved considerably during the last decade. The advent of high-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry has enabled the separation of isomers with only the slightest of structural differences. However, the ability to separate such species raises the problem of identifying all the mobility-resolved peaks that are observed, especially when analytical standards are not available. In this work, we report an approach based on the combination of IMS with cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy to identify -glycan reducing-end anomers. By identifying the reducing-end α and β anomers of diacetyl-chitobiose, which is a disaccharide that forms part of the common core of all -glycans, we are able to assign mobility peaks to reducing anomers of a selection of -glycans of different sizes, starting from trisaccharides such as Man-1 up to glycans containing nine monosaccharide units, such as G2. By building an infrared fingerprint database of the identified -glycans, our approach allows unambiguous identification of mobility peaks corresponding to reducing-end anomers and distinguishes them from positional isomers that might be present in a complex mixture.
Topics: Humans; Ion Mobility Spectrometry; Isomerism; Polysaccharides; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 35797429
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01181 -
Nanotheranostics 2022Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanotags hold a unique place among bioimaging contrast agents due to their fingerprint-like spectra, which provide one of the... (Review)
Review
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanotags hold a unique place among bioimaging contrast agents due to their fingerprint-like spectra, which provide one of the highest degrees of detection specificity. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently high signal intensity, targeting capabilities, and biocompatibility, all components of nanotags must be rationally designed and tailored to a specific application. Design parameters include fine-tuning the properties of the plasmonic core as well as optimizing the choice of Raman reporter molecule, surface coating, and targeting moieties for the intended application. This review introduces readers to the principles of SERS nanotag design and discusses both established and emerging protocols of their synthesis, with a specific focus on the construction of SERS nanotags in the context of bioimaging and theranostics.
Topics: Gold; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 34976578
DOI: 10.7150/ntno.61244 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019This special issue highlights the astonishingly wide range of scientific studies that use Raman spectroscopy to provide insight [...].
This special issue highlights the astonishingly wide range of scientific studies that use Raman spectroscopy to provide insight [...].
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 31390748
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152852 -
Chemical Reviews Jul 2019Brillouin spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques in analytical science, biophotonics, and biomedicine. They are based on Brillouin light scattering from... (Review)
Review
Brillouin spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques in analytical science, biophotonics, and biomedicine. They are based on Brillouin light scattering from acoustic waves or in the GHz range, providing a nondestructive contactless probe of the mechanics on a microscale. Novel approaches and applications of these techniques to the field of biomedical sciences are discussed, highlighting the theoretical foundations and experimental methods that have been developed to date. Acknowledging that this is a fast moving field, a comprehensive account of the relevant literature is critically assessed here.
Topics: Animals; Cornea; Diagnostic Imaging; Fibroblasts; Humans; Interferometry; Lens, Crystalline; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Phonons; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrum Analysis; Viscoelastic Substances
PubMed: 31042024
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00019 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Digital farming is a modern agricultural concept that aims to maximize the crop yield while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact of farming. Successful...
Digital farming is a modern agricultural concept that aims to maximize the crop yield while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact of farming. Successful implementation of digital farming requires development of sensors to detect and identify diseases and abiotic stresses in plants, as well as to probe the nutrient content of seeds and identify plant varieties. Experimental evidence of the suitability of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for confirmatory diagnostics of plant diseases was previously provided by our team and other research groups. In this study, we investigate the potential use of RS as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique for the fast and accurate identification of nutrient components in the grains from 15 different rice genotypes. We demonstrate that spectroscopic analysis of intact rice seeds provides the accurate rice variety identification in ~86% of samples. These results suggest that RS can be used for fully automated, fast and accurate identification of seeds nutrient components.
Topics: Agriculture; Edible Grain; Nutrients; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 34073711
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113124 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023The review briefly describes various types of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy methods. At the beginning of the review, the basic concepts of biological methods of... (Review)
Review
The review briefly describes various types of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy methods. At the beginning of the review, the basic concepts of biological methods of environmental monitoring, namely bioanalytical and biomonitoring methods, are briefly considered. The main part of the review describes the basic principles and concepts of vibration spectroscopy and microspectrophotometry, in particular IR spectroscopy, mid- and near-IR spectroscopy, IR microspectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and Raman microscopy. Examples of the use of various methods of vibration spectroscopy for the study of biological samples, especially in the context of environmental monitoring, are given. Based on the described results, the authors conclude that the near-IR spectroscopy-based methods are the most convenient for environmental studies, and the relevance of the use of IR and Raman spectroscopy in environmental monitoring will increase with time.
Topics: Vibration; Biological Monitoring; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 37108111
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086947 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Vibrational spectroscopy (mid-infrared (IR) and Raman) and its fingerprinting capabilities offer rapid, high-throughput, and non-destructive analysis of a wide range of... (Review)
Review
Vibrational spectroscopy (mid-infrared (IR) and Raman) and its fingerprinting capabilities offer rapid, high-throughput, and non-destructive analysis of a wide range of sample types producing a characteristic chemical "fingerprint" with a unique signature profile. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and an array of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques provide selectivity and specificity for screening metabolites, but demand costly instrumentation, complex sample pretreatment, are labor-intensive, require well-trained technicians to operate the instrumentation, and are less amenable for implementation in clinics. The potential for vibration spectroscopy techniques to be brought to the bedside gives hope for huge cost savings and potential revolutionary advances in diagnostics in the clinic. We discuss the utilization of current vibrational spectroscopy methodologies on biologic samples as an avenue towards rapid cost saving diagnostics.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Vibration
PubMed: 33076318
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204725