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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Molecular recognition, which is the process of biological macromolecules interacting with each other or various small molecules with a high specificity and affinity to...
Molecular recognition, which is the process of biological macromolecules interacting with each other or various small molecules with a high specificity and affinity to form a specific complex, constitutes the basis of all processes in living organisms [...].
Topics: Molecular Docking Simulation; Thermodynamics; Proteins; Spectrum Analysis; Binding Sites; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 36500497
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238405 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Brillouin spectroscopy has recently gained considerable interest within the biomedical field as an innovative tool to study mechanical properties in biology. The... (Review)
Review
Brillouin spectroscopy has recently gained considerable interest within the biomedical field as an innovative tool to study mechanical properties in biology. The Brillouin effect is based on the inelastic scattering of photons caused by their interaction with thermodynamically driven acoustic modes or phonons and it is highly dependent on the material's elasticity. Therefore, Brillouin is a contactless, label-free optic approach to elastic and viscoelastic analysis that has enabled unprecedented analysis of ex vivo and in vivo mechanical behavior of several tissues with a micrometric resolution, paving the way to a promising future in clinical diagnosis. Here, we comprehensively review the different studies of this fast-moving field that have been performed up to date to provide a quick guide of the current literature. In addition, we offer a general view of Brillouin's biomedical potential to encourage its further development to reach its implementation as a feasible, cost-effective pathology diagnostic tool.
Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Humans; Neoplasms; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 34360822
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158055 -
Nanoscale Apr 2022Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from biomolecules in living cells enables the sensitive, but also very selective, probing of their biochemical composition. This... (Review)
Review
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from biomolecules in living cells enables the sensitive, but also very selective, probing of their biochemical composition. This minireview discusses the developments of SERS probing in cells over the past years from the proof-of-principle to observe a biochemical status to the characterization of molecule-nanostructure and molecule-molecule interactions and cellular processes that involve a wide variety of biomolecules and cellular compartments. Progress in applying SERS as a bioanalytical tool in living cells, to gain a better understanding of cellular physiology and to harness the selectivity of SERS, has been achieved by a combination of live cell SERS with several different approaches. They range from organelle targeting, spectroscopy of relevant molecular models, and the optimization of plasmonic nanostructures to the application of machine learning and help us to unify the information from defined biomolecules and from the cell as an extremely complex system.
Topics: Nanostructures; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 35315478
DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00449f -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Oct 2022Since its inception in the early 80s, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has developed to the method of choice for the analysis of elements in complex... (Review)
Review
Since its inception in the early 80s, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has developed to the method of choice for the analysis of elements in complex biological systems. High sensitivity paired with isotopic selectivity and a vast dynamic range endorsed ICP-MS for the inquiry of metals in the context of biomedical questions. In a stand-alone configuration, it has optimal qualities for the biomonitoring of major, trace and toxicologically relevant elements and may further be employed for the characterisation of disrupted metabolic pathways in the context of diverse pathologies. The on-line coupling to laser ablation (LA) and chromatography expanded the scope and application range of ICP-MS and set benchmarks for accurate and quantitative speciation analysis and element bioimaging. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provided new avenues to reveal an altered metabolism, for the application of tracers and for calibration approaches. In the last two decades, the scope of ICP-MS was further expanded and inspired by the introduction of new instrumentation and methodologies including novel and improved hardware as well as immunochemical methods. These additions caused a paradigm shift for the biomedical application of ICP-MS and its impact in the medical sciences and enabled the analysis of individual cells, their microenvironment, nanomaterials considered for medical applications, analysis of biomolecules and the design of novel bioassays. These new facets are gradually recognised in the medical communities and several clinical trials are underway. Altogether, ICP-MS emerged as an extremely versatile technique with a vast potential to provide novel insights and complementary perspectives and to push the limits in the medical disciplines. This review will introduce the different facets of ICP-MS and will be divided into two parts. The first part will cover instrumental basics, technological advances, and fundamental considerations as well as traditional and current applications of ICP-MS and its hyphenated techniques in the context of biomonitoring, bioimaging and elemental speciation. The second part will build on this fundament and describe more recent directions with an emphasis on nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry and novel bioassays.
Topics: Calibration; Laser Therapy; Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 36028724
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04259-1 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022This paper reports on a compact, portable, and selective chemical sensor for hazardous vapors at trace levels, which is under development and validation within the EU...
This paper reports on a compact, portable, and selective chemical sensor for hazardous vapors at trace levels, which is under development and validation within the EU project H2020 "RISEN". Starting from the prototype developed for a previous EU project, here, we implemented an updated two-stage purge and trap vapor pre-concentration system, a more compact MEMS- based fast gas-chromatographic separation module (Compact-GC), a new miniaturized quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) detector, and a new compact laser source. The system provides two-dimensional selectivity combining GC retention time and QEPAS spectral information and was specifically designed to be rugged, portable, suitable for on-site analysis of a crime scene, with accurate response in few minutes and in the presence of strong chemical background. The main upgrades of the sensor components and functional modules will be presented in detail, and test results with VOCs, simulants of hazardous chemical agents, and drug precursors will be reported and discussed.
Topics: Quartz; Gases; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 36616868
DOI: 10.3390/s23010270 -
Biomolecules Jan 2023Time-resolved femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) provides valuable information on the structural dynamics of biomolecules. However, FSRS has been applied...
Time-resolved femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) provides valuable information on the structural dynamics of biomolecules. However, FSRS has been applied mainly up to the nanoseconds regime and above 700 cm, which covers only part of the spectrum of biologically relevant time scales and Raman shifts. Here we report on a broadband (~200-2200 cm) dual transient visible absorption (visTA)/FSRS set-up that can accommodate time delays from a few femtoseconds to several hundreds of microseconds after illumination with an actinic pump. The extended time scale and wavenumber range allowed us to monitor the complete excited-state dynamics of the biological chromophore flavin mononucleotide (FMN), both free in solution and embedded in two variants of the bacterial light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) photoreceptor EL222. The observed lifetimes and intermediate states (singlet, triplet, and adduct) are in agreement with previous time-resolved infrared spectroscopy experiments. Importantly, we found evidence for additional dynamical events, particularly upon analysis of the low-frequency Raman region below 1000 cm. We show that fs-to-sub-ms visTA/FSRS with a broad wavenumber range is a useful tool to characterize short-lived conformationally excited states in flavoproteins and potentially other light-responsive proteins.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 36671546
DOI: 10.3390/biom13010161 -
Biosensors Nov 2020Plant stresses have been monitored using the imaging or spectrometry of plant leaves in the visible (red-green-blue or RGB), near-infrared (NIR), infrared (IR), and... (Review)
Review
Plant stresses have been monitored using the imaging or spectrometry of plant leaves in the visible (red-green-blue or RGB), near-infrared (NIR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) wavebands, often augmented by fluorescence imaging or fluorescence spectrometry. Imaging at multiple specific wavelengths (multi-spectral imaging) or across a wide range of wavelengths (hyperspectral imaging) can provide exceptional information on plant stress and subsequent diseases. Digital cameras, thermal cameras, and optical filters have become available at a low cost in recent years, while hyperspectral cameras have become increasingly more compact and portable. Furthermore, smartphone cameras have dramatically improved in quality, making them a viable option for rapid, on-site stress detection. Due to these developments in imaging technology, plant stresses can be monitored more easily using handheld and field-deployable methods. Recent advances in machine learning algorithms have allowed for images and spectra to be analyzed and classified in a fully automated and reproducible manner, without the need for complicated image or spectrum analysis methods. This review will highlight recent advances in portable (including smartphone-based) detection methods for biotic and abiotic stresses, discuss data processing and machine learning techniques that can produce results for stress identification and classification, and suggest future directions towards the successful translation of these methods into practical use.
Topics: Algorithms; Biosensing Techniques; Hyperspectral Imaging; Machine Learning; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Stress, Physiological; Support Vector Machine
PubMed: 33260412
DOI: 10.3390/bios10120193 -
Analytical Chemistry Jan 2022
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 34852454
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04483 -
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Jul 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Machine Learning; Multivariate Analysis; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; SARS-CoV-2; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 32378969
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1766968 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Jun 2023Two of the big challenges in modern bioprocesses are process economics and in-depth process understanding. Getting access to online process data helps to understand... (Review)
Review
Two of the big challenges in modern bioprocesses are process economics and in-depth process understanding. Getting access to online process data helps to understand process dynamics and monitor critical process parameters (CPPs). This is an important part of the quality-by- design concept that was introduced to the pharmaceutical industry in the last decade. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a versatile tool to allow noninvasive measurements and access to a broad spectrum of analytes. This information can then be used for enhanced process control strategies. This review article will focus on the latest applications of Raman spectroscopy in established protein production bioprocesses as well as show its potential for virus, cell therapy, and mRNA processes.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Biological Products
PubMed: 37187103
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102937