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Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Apr 2024Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease typically caused by infection, posing diagnostic challenges. It can coexist with other breast disorders or...
INTRODUCTION
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease typically caused by infection, posing diagnostic challenges. It can coexist with other breast disorders or multiple infections, which have been vaguely discussed. This study investigates the incidence of multi-infection and breast disease comorbidities in GM.
METHOD
The study enroled 63 females who had a confirmed diagnosis of GM. Laboratory investigations and bacterial cultures had been conducted for all the cases. The patients had undergone ultrasonography examination utilizing the LOGIQ E9 system. Core needle biopsy had been done to procure tissue samples for histopathological examination. Thorough scrutiny and assessment of patients' records were performed. The variables encompassed age at presentation, breastfeeding data, parity, smoking status, seasonal affliction, hair-washing agents, exposure to radiation, comorbidities, and clinical, ultrasound and histopathological findings.
RESULTS
The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 50. Breastfeeding history was positive in nearly all cases (97%). The majority of cases exhibited multiparity (81%). In total, 63.5% were passive smokers. Multi-infections were detected in six cases (9.5%). Among them, and were identified in two cases (3.16%). Other multi-infections involved and , and and , and spp., spp. and spp. Histopathological analysis revealed GM comorbidities with other breast diseases in 35% of the cases.
CONCLUSION
Multi-infections and breast disease comorbidities may further complicate diagnosis and management of GM. The findings of this study may raise additional questions about the nature of the disease or potential complications associated with it.
PubMed: 38576970
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001636 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2024Public restrooms are often a hub of microbial contamination and the examination of bacterial contamination in these facilities can serve as an important indicator of the...
Public restrooms are often a hub of microbial contamination and the examination of bacterial contamination in these facilities can serve as an important indicator of the transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination in public restrooms based on the economic class of the building. Samples were collected from various spots in 32 restrooms found in 10 shopping malls, classifying them into two categories: upper-end restrooms and lower-end restrooms. The findings showed that the level of contamination was higher in the lower-end restrooms, with the seat being the most contaminated area. The most dominant Gram-positive bacteria were of the coagulase-negative staphylococci species, making up 86% of the identified Gram-positive isolates. The most dominant Gram-negative bacteria identified were and . The antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria among the Gram-positive and negative isolates, including , , , and . In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of monitoring bacterial contamination in public restrooms and the need for measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. Further research is crucial to gain a complete understanding of the bacterial contamination in public restrooms and their resistance patterns, to ensure the safety and health of the public. The implementation of improved cleaning practices and hands-free designs in addition to the installation of antimicrobial surfaces in restrooms can help reduce the risk of cross-contamination and prevent the spread of diseases.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Bacterial Load; Toilet Facilities; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Equipment Contamination
PubMed: 38791788
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050574 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Oct 2019We investigated antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from 1128 samples of high-circulating RTE foods in Taiwan. A total of 111 Staphylococcus aureus and 709...
We investigated antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from 1128 samples of high-circulating RTE foods in Taiwan. A total of 111 Staphylococcus aureus and 709 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 23 species were isolated. The prevalence of S. aureus differed in various category of RTE foods, highest in fresh-cut fruits/vegetables (20.5%) and lowest in low-water activity (LWA) foods (0.7%). The overall staphylococcal contamination was highest in fresh-cut fruits/vegetables (62.2%), in which multiple isolates (up to 10) or species (up to 6) in single sample were frequently found. Distinct distribution of species contributed to unique feature in each category. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus was higher in fresh-cut fruits/vegetables samples (14.2% in 127) compared to other food categories (0-7.1%). A total of 4 MRSA carrying SCCmec type IV or V were identified (3.6% in 111), in which 3 belonged to sequence type ST59 and one was ST5. Among CoNS, S. epidermidis and S. warneri exhibited higher non-intrinsic antibiotic resistance than other species. Of 41 methicillin-resistant CoNS (5.8% in 709) isolates, SCCmec type IV (n = 16) and type V (n = 6) were most frequent. Isolates of S. saprophyticus, S. xylosus and S. sciuri displayed high rates of resistance to fusidic acid. Novel fusB-family determinants were identified in S. xylosus, S. sciuri and S. kloosii, which may contribute to their intrinsic resistance to fusidic acid. Compared to other food categories, fresh-cut fruits/vegetables were more contaminated by staphylococci carrying non-intrinsic resistance determinants including methicillin resistance. This nation-wide study demonstrated that some categories may have potential risk for transmitting antibiotic resistance, in which S. epidermidis and S. warneri should be gotten more attention.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fast Foods; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Staphylococcus; Taiwan
PubMed: 31590755
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.05.003 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2021Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as...
Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of -induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10 colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of , , , and caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility.
PubMed: 34828039
DOI: 10.3390/ani11113309 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2021The use of antibiotics in dentistry is associated with the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including commensal staphylococci.
Distribution and antibiotic-resistance of different species identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) isolated from the oral cavity.
BACKGROUND
The use of antibiotics in dentistry is associated with the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including commensal staphylococci.
METHODS
A total of 367 oral samples were collected, from which staphylococci were isolated and identified by using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant staphylococci was performed.
RESULTS
A total of 103 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), among them , and , were confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Resistance to most tested antibiotics was statistically higher in CoNS than in isolates (-value < 0.05). CoNS isolates showed high resistance to penicillin ( 88.9%), erythromycin ( 84.6%), fusidic acid ( 77.8%), co-trimoxazole ( 71.4%), gentamicin ( 63.8%), and tetracycline ( 55.6%). Multidrug resistance was largely observed, especially among and species. Methicillin-resistance in (38.5%), (22.2%) and (13.5%) was associated with the presence of the A gene and SCC type IV or V.
CONCLUSION
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, especially and , seem to be a reservoir of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistance in the oral cavity.
PubMed: 34594480
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1983322 -
Heliyon Nov 2023The impact of staphylococci on food poisoning and infections could be higher than previously reported. In this study, we characterised the occurrence and coexistence of...
The impact of staphylococci on food poisoning and infections could be higher than previously reported. In this study, we characterised the occurrence and coexistence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of staphylococci isolates in foods. Staphylococci were isolated from 236 samples of selected street-vended foods and identified. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in the staphylococci were assessed using disc diffusion, PCR and analysis of next-generation sequencing data. The food samples (70.76 %) showed a high prevalence of staphylococci and differed among the food categories. Forty-five species were identified and comprised coagulase-negative and positive species. (now ), . , . , . , . , . and . were the most abundant species. The staphylococcal isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and amikacin and susceptibility to nitrofurantoin. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were also reported for cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes commonly detected consisted of , , , , , , , , , and . . The isolates frequently exhibited multiple resistance (30.42 %) of up to eight antimicrobial drug classes. The isolates predominantly harboured genes that express efflux pump proteins (50.53 %) for antibiotic resistance compared with inactivation (10.05 %), target alteration (26.72 %), protection (7.67 %) and replacement (3.17 %). The virulence determinants comprised genes of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (, , ), adhesions (, , , , , , , , ) and genes that express exoproteins (nuclease, metalloprotease, γ-hemolysin, hyaluronate lyase). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of staphylococci isolates and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile as revealed by the phenotypic, PCR and next-generation sequencing techniques. The findings suggest a higher health risk for consumers. We recommend a critical need for awareness and antimicrobial susceptibility and anti-virulence strategies to ensure food safety and counteract the spread of this clinically relevant genus.
PubMed: 38027608
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21584