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Genome Announcements May 2018Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and...
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and constitute a potential reservoir for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. To improve our knowledge of animal-associated CoNS, we sequenced the complete genomes of (ATCC 49168) and (ATCC 43959).
PubMed: 29773625
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00404-18 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 1991The accuracies of the MicroScan Pos ID and Rapid Pos ID panel systems (Baxter Diagnostic Inc., MicroScan Division, West Sacramento, Calif.) were compared with each other...
The accuracies of the MicroScan Pos ID and Rapid Pos ID panel systems (Baxter Diagnostic Inc., MicroScan Division, West Sacramento, Calif.) were compared with each other and with the accuracies of conventional methods for the identification of 25 Staphylococcus species and 4 subspecies. Conventional methods included those used in the original descriptions of species and subspecies and DNA-DNA hybridization. The Pos ID panel uses a battery of 18 tests, and the Rapid Pos ID panel uses a battery of 42 tests for the identification of Staphylococcus species. The Pos ID panel has modified conventional and chromogenic tests that can be read after 15 to 48 h of incubation; the Rapid Pos ID panel has tests that use fluorogenic substrates or fluorometric indicators, and test results can be read after 2 h of incubation in the autoSCAN-W/A. Results indicated that both MicroScan systems had a high degree of congruence (greater than or equal to 90%) with conventional methods for the species S. capitis, S. aureus, S. auricularis, S. saprophyticus, S. cohnii, S. arlettae, S. carnosus, S. lentus, and S. sciuri and, in particular, the subspecies S. capitis subsp. capitis and S. cohnii subsp. cohnii. The Rapid Pos ID panel system also had greater than or equal to 90% congruence with conventional methods for S. epidermidis, S. caprae, S. warneri subsp. 2, S. xylosus, S. kloosii, and S. caseolyticus. For both MicroScan systems, congruence with conventional methods was 80 to 90% for S. haemolyticus subsp. 1, S. equorum, S. intermedius, and S. hyicus; and in addition, with the Rapid Pos ID panel system congruence was 80 to 89% for S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus, S. warneri subsp. 1, S. hominis, S. cohnii subsp. urealyticum, and S. simulans. The MicroScan systems identified a lower percentage (50 to 75%) of strains of S. lugdunensis, S. gallinarum, S. schleiferi, and S. chromogenes, although the addition of specific tests to the systems might increase the accuracy of identification significantly.
Topics: Autoanalysis; Bacteriological Techniques; Fluorometry; Humans; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Skin; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 1890175
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.4.738-744.1991 -
Environmental Research Jan 2018The aim of this study was to obtain knowledge about concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), and other Staphylococcus species in...
The aim of this study was to obtain knowledge about concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), and other Staphylococcus species in indoor air in Greater Copenhagen and about factors affecting the concentrations. The effects of season, temperature, relative humidity, air change rate (ACR), other bacterial genera, area per occupant, and presence of S. aureus-positive occupants were studied. In samples from 67 living rooms, S. hominis, S. warneri, S. epidermidis, and S. capitis were found in 13-25%; S. saprophyticus, S. cohnii, and S. pasteuri in 5-10%; and S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. caprae, S. equorum, S. kloosii, S. pettenkoferi, S. simulans, and S. xylosus in less than 3%. Staphylococcus aureus were found in two of 67 living rooms: spa type t034 (an MRSA) was recovered from a farmhouse, while spa type t509 was found in an urban home. Two species, S. equorum and S. kloosii, were found only in the farmhouse. Staphylococcus was significantly associated with season with lowest concentration and richness in winter. Genera composition was associated with ACR with smaller fractions of Staphylococcus at higher ACR, while richness was significantly and negatively associated with area per occupant. Concentration of Staphylococcus correlated positively with the total concentration of bacteria, but negatively with the total concentration of other bacteria. The concentration of Staphylococcus was not significantly associated with concentrations of the other abundant genera Bacillus, Kocuria, and Micrococcus. In offices with S. aureus-positive occupants, airborne S. aureus was not found. In conclusion, Staphylococcus species constitute a considerable proportion of the airborne bacteria in the studied homes and offices. However, both S. aureus and MRSA had very low prevalence during all seasons. Thus, transmission of S. aureus and MRSA through the air in living rooms in Copenhagen is expected to be limited. The negative associations between ACR and the fraction Staphylococcus constituted out of total bacteria, and between area per occupant and Staphylococcus richness indicate that it might be possible to affect the presence of airborne Staphylococcus in homes.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Bacillus; Denmark; Housing; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Micrococcus; Rural Population; Seasons; Staphylococcal Infections; Urban Population; Weather
PubMed: 29035784
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.001 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2021Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as...
Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of -induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10 colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of , , , and caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility.
PubMed: 34828039
DOI: 10.3390/ani11113309 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2019The increasing availability of whole genome sequencing of bacteria has accelerated the discovery of novel species which may not have been easy to discriminate using...
The increasing availability of whole genome sequencing of bacteria has accelerated the discovery of novel species which may not have been easy to discriminate using standard phenotypic or single gene methods. Phylogenomic analysis of genome sequences from a collection of coagulase-negative staphylococcal species isolated from captive fruit bats revealed two clusters which were close to . To assess the relatedness of the strains we used digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and two methods for average nucleotide identity (ANI) computation which predicted two novel species having dDDH less than 70 % and ANI less than 95%. We propose these species as sp. nov. (type strain 23_2_7_LY=NCTC 14453=DSM 111639) and sp. nov (type strain 27_4_6_LY=NCTC 14454=DSM 111640).
PubMed: 33734958
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004715 -
Tropical Life Sciences Research Aug 2013Staphylococcus kloosii, an orange pigment-producing bacterium, was isolated from the respiratory tree of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835) from...
Staphylococcus kloosii, an orange pigment-producing bacterium, was isolated from the respiratory tree of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835) from Teluk Nipah, Pangkor Island, Perak, Malaysia. This report is the first documentation of this Gram-positive strain, referred to as Strain 68 in Malaysia. A partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of the mesophilic strain has been registered with GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine) with accession number JX102547. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbour-joining method further supported the identification of Strain 68 as S. kloosii. The circular strain produced orange pigments on tryptone glucose yeast extract agar (TGYEA) and in nutrient broth (NB) at approximately pH 7. The visible spectra of ethanolic and methanolic pigment extracts of the bacterial strain were considered identical with λmax at 426, 447 and 475 nm and λmax at 426, 445 and 473 nm, respectively. Both visible spectra resemble the visible spectra of lutein, which is a commercial carotenoid; however, further analyses are required to confirm the identity of this pigment. The methanolic extracts of the intracellular pigments comprised at least three pigment compounds: an orange pigment compound (major compound), a yellow pigment compound (the least polar) and a pink pigment compound (the most polar). These findings are the first documentation of the pigment composition of S. kloosii as no such record could be found to date.
PubMed: 24575244
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Apr 2024Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease typically caused by infection, posing diagnostic challenges. It can coexist with other breast disorders or...
INTRODUCTION
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease typically caused by infection, posing diagnostic challenges. It can coexist with other breast disorders or multiple infections, which have been vaguely discussed. This study investigates the incidence of multi-infection and breast disease comorbidities in GM.
METHOD
The study enroled 63 females who had a confirmed diagnosis of GM. Laboratory investigations and bacterial cultures had been conducted for all the cases. The patients had undergone ultrasonography examination utilizing the LOGIQ E9 system. Core needle biopsy had been done to procure tissue samples for histopathological examination. Thorough scrutiny and assessment of patients' records were performed. The variables encompassed age at presentation, breastfeeding data, parity, smoking status, seasonal affliction, hair-washing agents, exposure to radiation, comorbidities, and clinical, ultrasound and histopathological findings.
RESULTS
The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 50. Breastfeeding history was positive in nearly all cases (97%). The majority of cases exhibited multiparity (81%). In total, 63.5% were passive smokers. Multi-infections were detected in six cases (9.5%). Among them, and were identified in two cases (3.16%). Other multi-infections involved and , and and , and spp., spp. and spp. Histopathological analysis revealed GM comorbidities with other breast diseases in 35% of the cases.
CONCLUSION
Multi-infections and breast disease comorbidities may further complicate diagnosis and management of GM. The findings of this study may raise additional questions about the nature of the disease or potential complications associated with it.
PubMed: 38576970
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001636 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2011Linezolid, a viable alternative to vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates, has been in use for a decade around the globe. However, resistance...
Linezolid, a viable alternative to vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates, has been in use for a decade around the globe. However, resistance against staphylococci remains extremely rare and unreported from most of the Asian countries. Herein, we report two cases of linezolid resistant, coagulase negative staphylococcal sepsis for the first time from India. The first case was an 18-year-old burn patient, who, after a major graft surgery, landed in sepsis, and linezolid resistant Staphylococcus cohnii with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 μg/ml by both broth microdilution and Etest, was isolated from multiple blood cultures. The second patient was a 60-year-old male with an intracranial bleed and sepsis, from whose blood cultures, linezolid resistant Staphylococcus kloosii was repeatedly isolated. Linezolid MIC was >32 μg/ml by broth microdilution and >16 μg/ml by Etest.
Topics: Acetamides; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; India; Linezolid; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxazolidinones; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 21304198
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.76527 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 1991Twenty-four Staphylococcus species and their subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to teicoplanin by disk diffusion (30-micrograms disk) and agar dilution... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Twenty-four Staphylococcus species and their subspecies were examined for their susceptibilities to teicoplanin by disk diffusion (30-micrograms disk) and agar dilution for the determination of MICs. Moderately susceptible and resistant clinical strains were further tested for their susceptibilities to oxacillin and vancomycin. Teicoplanin resistance was not observed in the reference strains of the various Staphylococcus species isolated from healthy volunteers or animals. However, the novobiocin-resistant species Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus kloosii, and Staphylococcus gallinarum were less susceptible to teicoplanin (MIC, 2 to 8 micrograms/ml) than most of the novobiocin-susceptible species were (MIC, 0.5 to 4 micrograms/ml). Clinical isolates of coagulase-negative species were generally less susceptible to teicoplanin than were reference strains. Seven percent of the Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical strains were moderately susceptible (MIC, 16 micrograms/ml) to teicoplanin. Of these strains, 70% were oxacillin resistant. For Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, 11% were resistant (MIC, greater than 16 micrograms/ml) and 21% were moderately susceptible to teicoplanin. Of these strains, 95% were oxacillin resistant, No strains of S. epidermidis or S. haemolyticus were intermediate or resistant to vancomycin. Teicoplanin appears to be less active in vitro against oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus. However, teicoplanin is an effective antimicrobial agent against many Staphylococcus species.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glycopeptides; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus; Teicoplanin
PubMed: 1835340
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.35.9.1919 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2017spp. is a major cause of nosocomial infection and sepsis. However, increasing drug resistance is becoming a challenge to microbiologists. The purpose of this study was...
spp. is a major cause of nosocomial infection and sepsis. However, increasing drug resistance is becoming a challenge to microbiologists. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and drug resistance genes of clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates at Mae Sot Hospital in Tak province, Thailand. A total of 229 CoNS isolates were collected from clinical specimens during two periods in 2014 and in 2015. was the most prevalent species (37.55%), followed by (21.83%), (11.79%) and (11.35%) respectively. The remaining 17.48% of the organisms comprised and Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS), containing the A gene, were detected in 145 of 229 isolates, mostly found in and In addition, the differentiation of their macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance phenotypes was determined by the D-test and corresponding resistance genes. Among 125 erythromycin-resistant CoNS, the prevalence of constitutive type of MLS, inducible clindamycin resistance and macrolide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes were 72, 13.60 and 14.40% respectively. These phenotypes were expressed in 80% of MRCoNS strains. In addition, the C gene (79.20%) was found to be more prevalent than the A gene (22.40%), especially among MRCoNS. These results indicate that CoNS may play an important role in spreading of drug resistance genes. More attention to these organisms in surveillance and monitoring programs is needed.
PubMed: 28702199
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.05.007