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Frontiers in Public Health 2023As young adults in their 20s to 30s transitioning toward new careers and independence, their dietary and physical activity practices often change, increasing their risk...
BACKGROUND
As young adults in their 20s to 30s transitioning toward new careers and independence, their dietary and physical activity practices often change, increasing their risk of weight gain. This study explored the ways that Singaporean young adults perceived and experienced the interaction between their working hours, work, and health practices.
METHODS
This research used semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives and experiences of participants. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit 15 men and 18 women, aged 23 to 36, who had worked full-time at their respective jobs in Singapore for at least 1 year. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach was employed.
RESULTS
Young working adults' commitment to work was driven by a hard-working culture, a desire to attain better jobs and remuneration, and to fulfill cultural expectations to support their multi-generation families. Their non-work time was largely spent recuperating from work by socializing over food and in sedentary activities.
CONCLUSION
For young working adults, long work hours are normalized, even though they are a barrier to healthy diets and physical activity. Existing social and institutional norms support a culture that values commitment to work and encourages young adults to devote long hours to building a sound financial future and achieving personal and cultural aspirations. These findings have implications for long-term population health and should be considered in health promotion activities targeting young adults and barriers.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Qualitative Research; Motor Activity; Diet; Exercise; Health Promotion
PubMed: 37377556
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1082581 -
PloS One 2020Although many studies have focused on leisure time physical activity (LTPA), household physical activity (HPA) can contribute to health benefits. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Although many studies have focused on leisure time physical activity (LTPA), household physical activity (HPA) can contribute to health benefits. This study aimed to compare LTPA and HPA patterns and to examine the association of these types of activities with the risk of mortality in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 125,299 participants 40 to 69 years old and enrolled in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study from 2004 to 2012 were included in this study. The sex-specific LTPA and HPA categories were defined based on a questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the LTPA and HPA correlates. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.
RESULTS
Overall, the LTPA and HPA patterns differed by age, income, and history of chronic diseases. LTPA reduced the risk of death, and lower risks were observed in more time spent engaged in or a vigorous LTPA intensity. The subjects who participated only in HPA and were not involved in LTPA also had lower risks of mortality (HR = 0.72, 95% CIs: 0.60-0.85 for men, and HR = 0.84, 95% CIs: 0.69-1.02 for women) than those who did not participate in both LTPA and HPA.
CONCLUSIONS
HPA reduced the risks of mortality in middle-aged Korean adults and could even decrease the risk of death in those who did not participate in LTPA.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Exercise; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 32555644
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234852 -
Stroke Dec 2019Background and Purpose- Movement behaviors, that is, both physical activity and sedentary behavior, are independently associated with health risks. Although both...
Background and Purpose- Movement behaviors, that is, both physical activity and sedentary behavior, are independently associated with health risks. Although both behaviors have been investigated separately in people after stroke, little is known about the combined movement behavior patterns, differences in these patterns between individuals, or the factors associated with these patterns. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to identify movement behavior patterns in people with first-ever stroke discharged to the home setting and (2) to explore factors associated with the identified patterns. Methods- Cross-sectional design using data from 190 people with first-ever stroke discharged to the home setting. Movement, behavior was measured over 2 weeks using an accelerometer. Ten movement behavior outcomes were calculated and compressed using principal component analysis. Movement behavior patterns were identified using a k-means clustering algorithm. Demographics, stroke, care, physical functioning, and psychological, cognitive and social factors were obtained. Differences between and factors associated with the patterns were investigated. Results- On average, the accelerometer was worn for 13.7 hours per day. The average movement behavior of the participants showed 9.3 sedentary hours, 3.8 hours of light physical activity, and 0.6 hours of moderate-vigorous physical activity. Three patterns and associated factors were identified: (1) sedentary exercisers (22.6%), with a relatively low age, few pack-years, light drinking, and high levels of physical functioning; (2) sedentary movers (45.8%), with less severe stroke symptoms, low physical functioning and high levels of self-efficacy; and (3) sedentary prolongers (31.6%), with more severe stroke symptoms, more pack-years, and low levels of self-efficacy. Conclusions- The majority of people with stroke are inactive and sedentary. Three different movement behavior patterns were identified: sedentary exercisers, sedentary movers, and sedentary prolongers. The identified movement behavior patterns confirm the hypothesis that an individually tailored approach might be warranted with movement behavior coaching by healthcare professionals.
Topics: Accelerometry; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Physical Functional Performance; Principal Component Analysis; Sedentary Behavior; Self Efficacy; Severity of Illness Index; Stroke
PubMed: 31658902
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027013 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Apr 2021A number of notions in the fields of motor control and kinesthetic perception have been used without clear definitions. In this review, we consider definitions for... (Review)
Review
A number of notions in the fields of motor control and kinesthetic perception have been used without clear definitions. In this review, we consider definitions for efference copy, percept, and sense of effort based on recent studies within the physical approach, which assumes that the neural control of movement is based on principles of parametric control and involves defining time-varying profiles of spatial referent coordinates for the effectors. The apparent redundancy in both motor and perceptual processes is reconsidered based on the principle of abundance. Abundance of efferent and afferent signals is viewed as the means of stabilizing both salient action characteristics and salient percepts formalized as stable manifolds in high-dimensional spaces of relevant elemental variables. This theoretical scheme has led recently to a number of novel predictions and findings. These include, in particular, lower accuracy in perception of variables produced by elements involved in a multielement task compared with the same elements in single-element tasks, dissociation between motor and perceptual effects of muscle coactivation, force illusions induced by muscle vibration, and errors in perception of unintentional drifts in performance. Taken together, these results suggest that participation of efferent signals in perception frequently involves distorted copies of actual neural commands, particularly those to antagonist muscles. Sense of effort is associated with such distorted efferent signals. Distortions in efference copy happen spontaneously and can also be caused by changes in sensory signals, e.g., those produced by muscle vibration.
Topics: Animals; Efferent Pathways; Humans; Kinesthesis; Models, Theoretical; Motor Activity; Motor Neurons; Movement
PubMed: 33566734
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00545.2020 -
BMC Pediatrics Jul 2020Physical activity plays an important role in the maintenance of health, and it is especially important during childhood. However, the lack of information about...
BACKGROUND
Physical activity plays an important role in the maintenance of health, and it is especially important during childhood. However, the lack of information about differences in physical activity practice and sports preferences of children considering gender differences can result in non-effective policies that enhance inequalities between sexes. The aim of this study is to identify the sports preferences of Spanish schoolchildren and their physical activity practice behaviors depending on their sex and their parental care, analyzing the possible differences from a gender perspective.
METHOD
Three hundred sixty-four Spanish schoolchildren (179 girls, 185 boys) participated in this cross-sectional study. A daily physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity level (PAL), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sports preferences and a socio-health questionnaire were used to collect data about parental care. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and applying Student's T-test for normal variables, Mann-Whitney U-test for non-parametrical variables, and chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables. Subsequently, odds ratios were used to analyze associations between the physical activity practice of the children and parental care.
RESULTS
PAL and time spent in MVPA was significantly lower for girls compared to boys (1.44 ± 0.07 vs. 1.46 ± 0.07, p < 0.001 and 0.74 ± 0.40 h/day vs. 0.90 ± 0.45 h/day; p < 0.001, respectively). Dancing, rhythmic gymnastics, skating, and water sports were practiced more by girls, while football, wrestling sports, handball, and racket sports were practiced more by boys (p < 0.05). Children cared for by their fathers had higher odds for physical activity practice (OR = 1.995 (1.202-3.310), p = 0.008).
CONCLUSION
Physical activity among girls was less frequent and less intense. Girls opted for individual sports with artistic connotations, while boys often practiced more team contact sports. Furthermore, children are more physically actives when their father is in charge of them.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Parents; Sports
PubMed: 32635918
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02229-z -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Mar 2022High levels of participation in leisure-time and household physical activity lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although it is unclear whether the number of...
BACKGROUND
High levels of participation in leisure-time and household physical activity lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although it is unclear whether the number of activity types is related to new-onset CVD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the amount of leisure-time physical activity and the number of types of leisure-time physical activities on the risk of CVD incidence.
METHODS
From 2002 to 2003, 3,741 participants without any history of CVD participated in the Takashima Study. Data on the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and the types of leisure-time and household physical activity were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Hazard ratios for CVD (acute myocardial infarction and stroke) incidence (follow-up data from 2002 to 2013), according to the participation level and number of activity types, were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 58.7 ± 13.1 years. During the mean follow-up period of 8.0 ± 1.1 years, 92 participants developed CVD. An inverse dose-response relationship was noted between the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and CVD events. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, lifestyle-related diseases, and the amount of physical activity other than leisure-time and household, the risk of CVD onset was compared by dividing the participants into two groups by the level of participation; the highest activity group had an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.40 (0.20-0.82) compared to the lowest activity group. Compared to participants who engaged in 0-1 type of activity, participants who engaged in two or more types of activities had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.31 (0.12-0.79).
CONCLUSION
Increasing the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and promoting engagement in two or more types of such activities may reduce the rate of CVD incidence in the Japanese general population.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Humans; Leisure Activities; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 35350987
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02569-x -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021Physical activity has been linked to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, evidence on the relationship between domain-specific physical activity and...
Physical activity has been linked to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, evidence on the relationship between domain-specific physical activity and CKD is scarce. This study aimed to examine the risk of CKD in relation to leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activities in a large occupational cohort in Japan. Participants were 17,331 workers (20-65 years old) without CKD and were followed-up for a maximum period of 13 years. Incident CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m and/or proteinuria determined using the dipstick test. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations. During 147,752 person-years of follow-up, 4013 participants developed CKD. Workers who were standing or walking at work and those who were fairly active at work had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.86-0.96) and 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.02), respectively, for developing CKD than sedentary workers. Leisure-time physical activity and walking for commute were not associated with CKD risk. Our findings suggest that occupational, but not leisure-time and commuting physical activities, is associated with a lower CKD risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Japan; Leisure Activities; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Proportional Hazards Models; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors; Transportation; Walking
PubMed: 34112832
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91525-4 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 which may be reduced by practicing...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 which may be reduced by practicing regular physical activity.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of older adults with MetS and without MetS.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study of older adults (55-80 years old) from Balearic Islands (Spain) with MetS (n = 333; 55% men) and without MetS (n = 144; 43.8% men). LTPA was assessed with the validated Spanish version of the Minnesota LTPA Questionnaire. Two criteria of physically active were used: >150 min/week of moderate physical activity or >75 min/week of vigorous physical activity or a combination of both, and total leisure-time energy expenditure of >300 MET·min/day. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric variables, MetS components, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) were also measured.
RESULTS
MetS subjects showed lower energy expenditure in LTPA, lower adherence to the MD, higher obesity and waist circumference, and were less active than non-MetS peers. LTPA increased as participants got older and there was higher LTPA intensity as educational level increased. Adherence to MD was as high as LTPA was.
CONCLUSIONS
MetS is associated with physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. To increase LTPA recommendations and raise awareness in the population about the health benefits of PA and high adherence to MD is highly recommended.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Mediterranean; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leisure Activities; Life Style; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Obesity; Risk Factors; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31514471
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183358 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2021Self-determined motivation (SDT) and self-efficacy theory have been widely used for understanding individuals' physical activity motivation and self-efficacy. However,...
Self-determined motivation (SDT) and self-efficacy theory have been widely used for understanding individuals' physical activity motivation and self-efficacy. However, there is a gap of evidence on the relations between SDT and multidimensional self-efficacy with device-measured physical activity in healthy adults. Questionnaires including the behavior regulation in exercise questionnaire version 2 (BREQ-2) and the multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale (MSES) were completed by the participants at baseline. All participants wore an accelerometer for seven days to record their physical activities at baseline and eight-week follow up. In total, thirty healthy adults completed the study (12 men, 18 women). The results showed that intrinsic motivation and scheduling self-efficacy had significantly positive associations with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity energy expenditure and duration. Multiple regression analysis showed that the relative autonomy index, task and scheduling efficacy could predict physical activity at baseline, but no SDT or self-efficacy variable could predict physical activity behavior after eight weeks. These results showed that the associations between motivation and self-efficacy with physical activity might change within a short period of time, which suggests that the regular assessment of motivation and self-efficacy might be needed in interventional programs to promote continued physical activity participation in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Motor Activity; Personal Autonomy; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34360300
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158002 -
Journal of Biological Rhythms Aug 2022The problem of entrainment is central to circadian biology. In this regard, has been an important model system. Owing to the simplicity of its nervous system and the...
The problem of entrainment is central to circadian biology. In this regard, has been an important model system. Owing to the simplicity of its nervous system and the availability of powerful genetic tools, the system has shed significant light on the molecular and neural underpinnings of entrainment. However, much remains to be learned regarding the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying this important phenomenon. Under cyclic light/dark conditions, displays crepuscular patterns of locomotor activity with one peak anticipating dawn and the other anticipating dusk. These peaks are characterized through an estimation of their phase relative to the environmental light cycle and the extent of their anticipation of light transitions. In chronobiology, estimations of phases are often subjective, and anticipation indices vary significantly between studies. Though there is increasing interest in building flexible analysis tools in the field, none incorporates objective measures of activity peaks in combination with the analysis of fly activity/sleep in the same program. To this end, we have developed PHASE, a MATLAB-based program that is simple and easy to use and (i) supports the visualization and analysis of activity and sleep under entrainment, (ii) allows analysis of both activity and sleep parameters within user-defined windows within a diurnal cycle, (iii) uses a smoothing filter for the objective identification of peaks of activity (and therefore can be used to quantitatively characterize them), and (iv) offers a series of analyses for the assessment of behavioral anticipation of environmental transitions.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Motor Activity; Photoperiod; Sleep
PubMed: 35727044
DOI: 10.1177/07487304221093114