-
BMC Gastroenterology May 2023Esophageal motility disorders are a group of disorders associated with dysfunctional swallowing resulting from impaired neuromuscular coordination. Phosphodiesterase 5... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Esophageal motility disorders are a group of disorders associated with dysfunctional swallowing resulting from impaired neuromuscular coordination. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors induce smooth relaxation and are proposed as a treatment option for esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia.
METHODS
This study is conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We systematically searched MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for esophageal outcomes of individuals treated with PDE5 inhibitors. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were included. They were conducted in different countries, with Korea and Italy having the highest number of articles. The main drug assessed was sildenafil. PDE-5 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in lower esophageal sphincter pressure (SMD - 1.69, 95% CI: -2.39 to -0.99) and the amplitude of contractions (SMD - 2.04, 95% CI: -2.97 to -1.11). Residual pressure was not significantly different between the placebo and sildenafil groups (SMD - 0.24, 95% CI: -1.20 to 0.72). Furthermore, a recent study reported contractile integral, stating that ingestion of sildenafil leads to a significant reduction in distal contractile integral and a significant increase in proximal contractile integral.
CONCLUSION
PDE-5 inhibitors significantly reduce LES resting pressure and esophageal peristaltic vigor, decreasing esophageal body contractility and contraction reserve. Therefore, using these drugs in patients affected by esophageal motility disorders may potentially improve their condition regarding symptom relief and prevention of further associated complications. Future reports investigating larger sample size is necessary in order to establish definite evidence regarding the efficacy of these drugs.
Topics: Humans; Sildenafil Citrate; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Tadalafil; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; Piperazines; Purines; Sulfones; Esophageal Achalasia; Triazines
PubMed: 37217851
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02787-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Despite numerous advantages of using porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds in bone regeneration, the material is limited in terms of osteoinduction. In this study, the...
Despite numerous advantages of using porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds in bone regeneration, the material is limited in terms of osteoinduction. In this study, the porous scaffold made from nanosized HAp was coated with different concentrations of osteoinductive aqueous methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) solution (2.5, 5, 10, and 20%) and the corresponding MH scaffolds were referred to as MH2.5, MH5, MH10, and MH20, respectively. The results showed that all MH scaffolds resulted in burst release of MSM for up to 7 d. Cellular experiments were conducted using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells, which showed no significant difference between the MH2.5 scaffold and the control with respect to the rate of cell proliferation ( > 0.05). There was no significant difference between each group at day 4 for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, though the MH2.5 group showed higher level of activity than other groups at day 10. Calcium deposition, using alizarin red staining, showed that cell mineralization was significantly higher in the MH2.5 scaffold than that in the HAp scaffold ( < 0.0001). This study indicated that the MH2.5 scaffold has potential for both osteoinduction and osteoconduction in bone regeneration.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Durapatite; Mice; Osteogenesis; Porosity; Sulfones; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 33198074
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228501 -
PloS One 2022Lens culinaris is a proteinaceous food crop that is consumed worldwide for protein requirements. Mutation breeding has been used to improve protein content, yield, and...
Lens culinaris is a proteinaceous food crop that is consumed worldwide for protein requirements. Mutation breeding has been used to improve protein content, yield, and related traits, as well as to select highly desirable mutants that are economically significant. An investigation of genotypic variation in lentil germplasm was carried out using induced mutagenesis, with caffeine, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), lead nitrate, and cadmium nitrate as mutagens that resulted in 18 mutant lines in the M3 generation. For the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of lentil mutant lines using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD). The heterozygosity of RAPD markers per primer ranged from 50.00-90.90% with an average of 71.04%. The genetic divergent analysis was performed using hierarchical clustering (UPGMA), exhibited that these mutant lines were classified mainly into five subpopulation or clusters. A close resemblance with highest genetic coefficient similarity (1.00) were observed between control and mutant H; between mutant M and E; between mutant Q and J2, while more divergent mutants were N2 with mutant B; and mutant R with mutant J1with least genetic coefficient similarity (0.22). Protein and mineral content (Fe, Zn and Cu) were increased significantly in some high yielding mutant lines concerning to the control plant, and showed polymorphic variations in polypeptide chains in terms of banding pattern. Stomatal morphology in high yielding mutants were perceived utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), exhibiting variations in stomatal size, stomatal opening and number of stomata. The present study's promising mutant lines' biological, physiological, and molecular profiles provide a foundation for forthcoming preservation and consumption strategies to broaden the genetic diversity of the breeding population of lentil.
Topics: Lens Plant; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Genetic Markers; Caffeine; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Plant Breeding; Mutagens; Methane; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 36279277
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274937 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2020Bacterial alkane metabolism is associated with a number of cellular stresses, including membrane stress and oxidative stress, and the limited uptake of charged ions such...
Bacterial alkane metabolism is associated with a number of cellular stresses, including membrane stress and oxidative stress, and the limited uptake of charged ions such as sulfate. In the present study, the genes and in DR1 cells, which encode an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase and a taurine dioxygenase, respectively, were found to be responsible for hexadecanesulfonate (CSOH) and taurine metabolism, and Cbl was experimentally identified as a potential regulator of and expression. The expression of and occurred under sulfate-limited conditions generated during -hexadecane degradation. Interestingly, expression analysis and knockout experiments suggested that both genes are required to protect cells against oxidative stress, including that generated by -hexadecane degradation and HO exposure. Measurable levels of intracellular hexadecanesulfonate were also produced during -hexadecane degradation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that and are mainly present in soil-dwelling aerobes within the and classes, which suggests that they function as controllers of the sulfur cycle and play a protective role against oxidative stress in sulfur-limited conditions. and , which play a role in the degradation of organosulfonate, were expressed during -hexadecane metabolism and oxidative stress conditions in DR1. Our study confirmed that hexadecanesulfonate was accidentally generated during bacterial -hexadecane degradation in sulfate-limited conditions. Removal of this by-product by SsuD and TauD must be necessary for bacterial survival under oxidative stress generated during -hexadecane degradation.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Alkanes; Alkanesulfonates; Bacterial Proteins; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 32503904
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00692-20 -
Environment International Dec 2020The normal brain development and function are delicately driven by an ever-changing milieu of steroid hormones arising from fetal, placental, and maternal origins. This... (Review)
Review
The normal brain development and function are delicately driven by an ever-changing milieu of steroid hormones arising from fetal, placental, and maternal origins. This reliance on the neuroendocrine system sets the stage for the exquisite sensitivity of the central nervous system to the adverse effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common EDCs which has been a particular focus of environmental concern for decades due to its widespread nature and formidable threat to human and animal health. The heightened regulatory actions and the scientific and public concern over the adverse health effects of BPA have led to its replacement with a suite of structurally similar but less known alternative chemicals. Bisphenol S (BPS) is the main substitute for BPA that is increasingly being used in a wide array of consumer and industrial products. Although it was considered to be a safe BPA alternative, mounting evidence points to the deleterious effects of BPS on a wide range of neuroendocrine functions in animals. In addition to its reproductive toxicity, recent experimental efforts indicate that BPS has a considerable potential to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of BPS and discusses its potential mode of actions on several aspects of the neuroendocrine system. We summarize the role of certain hormones and their signaling pathways in the regulation of brain and behavior and discuss how BPS induces neurotoxicity through interactions with these pathways. Finally, we review potential links between BPS exposure and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in animals and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Endocrine Disruptors; Female; Fetus; Humans; Phenols; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sulfones
PubMed: 32911243
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106078 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Eighteen per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters of four river basins in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima) during the...
Eighteen per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters of four river basins in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima) during the dry and wet seasons. All sampling sites showed contamination in at least one of the seasons. In the dry season, perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS), were the most frequent PFASs, while during the wet season these were PFOA and perfluobutane-sulfonic acid (PFBS). Compounds detected at higher concentrations were PFOS (22.6 ng L) and perfluoro-butanoic acid (PFBA) (22.6 ng L) in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, the prospective environmental risks of PFASs, detected at higher concentrations, were evaluated based on the Risk Quotient (RQ) classification, which comprises acute and chronic toxicity. The results show that the RQ values of eight out of the nine PFASs were below 0.01, indicating low risk to organisms at different trophic levels in the four rivers in both seasons, wet and dry. Nevertheless, in the specific case of perfluoro-tetradecanoic acid (PFTeA), the RQ values calculated exceeded 1 for fish (96 h) and daphnids (48 h), indicating a high risk for these organisms. Furthermore, the RQ values were higher than 0.1, indicating a medium risk for fish, daphnids and green algae (96 h).
Topics: Animals; Rivers; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Portugal; Prospective Studies; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Fluorocarbons; Alkanesulfonates; Fishes
PubMed: 36770878
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031209 -
Physiological Research Mar 2023The aim of the study was to examine the potential impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues BPB, BPF, and BPS on mice TM3 Leydig cells, with respect to basal cell...
The aim of the study was to examine the potential impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues BPB, BPF, and BPS on mice TM3 Leydig cells, with respect to basal cell viability parameters such as metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and lysosomal activity after 48-h exposure. In addition, monitoring of potential bisphenol´s actions included evaluation of ROS production and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) complemented by determination of testosterone secretion. Obtained results revealed significant inhibition in mitochondrial activity started at 10 microg/ml of bisphenols after 48-h exposure. Cell membrane integrity was significantly decreased at 5 microg/ml of BPA and BPF and 10, 25, and 50 microg/ml of BPA and BPS. The lysosomal activity was significantly affected at 10, 25, and 50 microg/ml of applied bisphenols. A significant overproduction of ROS was recorded mainly at 5 and 10 microg/ml of tested compounds. In addition, significant inhibition of GJIC was observed at 5 microg/ml of BPB followed by a progressive decline at higher applied doses. In the case of testosterone production, a significant decline was confirmed at 10, 25 and 50 microg/ml.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; Leydig Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Endocrine Disruptors; Sulfones; Testosterone; Benzhydryl Compounds
PubMed: 36545881
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934989 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects...
Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Two promising formulations (enzyme-containing toothpastes with glucose oxidase and D-glucose with (C+) and without Citrox (C-) Citrox) were investigated in a clinical crossover trial (two slurries: sodium lauryl sulfate-containing (SLS), a toothpaste without SLS (reference), and water). Subjects ( = 20) abstained from toothbrushing for four days and rinsed with a toothpaste slurry. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices (PI) were measured. A mixed linear model was used to statistically compare the slurries with respect to BOP and PI change. The in vitro bacterial growth-inhibiting evaluation showed the best results for SLS, followed by C+ and C-. The change in BOP and PI exhibited statistically significant differences to water rinsing (BOP; PI changes in % points (difference of the baseline and post-rinse values: water = 8.8%; 90.0%; C+ = -1.4%; 80.4%; SLS = 1.5%; 72.1%; reference = 0.8%; 77.5%; C- = -1.8%; 75.1%). All slurries exhibited anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque effects, resulting in a prophylactic benefit for limited-access regions during brushing.
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 33478112
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020835 -
Environmental Science & Technology Apr 2023Aqueous film-forming foams historically were used during fire training activities on Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and created an extensive per- and...
Uptake of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Fish, Mussel, and Passive Samplers in Mobile-Laboratory Exposures Using Groundwater from a Contamination Plume at a Historical Fire Training Area, Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Aqueous film-forming foams historically were used during fire training activities on Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and created an extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groundwater contamination plume. The potential for PFAS bioconcentration from exposure to the contaminated groundwater, which discharges to surface water bodies, was assessed with mobile-laboratory experiments using groundwater from the contamination plume and a nearby reference location. The on-site continuous-flow 21-day exposures used male and female fathead minnows, freshwater mussels, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), and polyethylene tube samplers (PETS) to evaluate biotic and abiotic uptake. The composition of the PFAS-contaminated groundwater was complex and 9 PFAS were detected in the reference groundwater and 17 PFAS were detected in the contaminated groundwater. The summed PFAS concentrations ranged from 120 to 140 ng L in reference groundwater and 6100 to 15,000 ng L in contaminated groundwater. Biotic concentration factors (CF) for individual PFAS were species, sex, source, and compound-specific and ranged from 2.9 to 1000 L kg in whole-body male fish exposed to contaminated groundwater for 21 days. The fish and mussel CF generally increased with increasing fluorocarbon chain length and were greater for sulfonates than for carboxylates. The exception was perfluorohexane sulfonate, which deviated from the linear trend and had a 10-fold difference in CF between sites, possibly because of biotransformation of precursors such as perfluorohexane sulfonamide. Uptake for most PFAS in male fish was linear over time, whereas female fish had bilinear uptake indicated by an initial increase in tissue concentrations followed by a decrease. Uptake of PFAS was less for mussels (maximum CF = 200) than for fish, and mussel uptake of most PFAS also was bilinear. Although abiotic concentration factors were greater than CF, and values for POCIS were greater than for PETS, passive samplers were useful for assessing PFAS that potentially bioconcentrate in fish but are present at concentrations below method quantitation limits in water. Passive samplers also accumulate short-chain PFAS that are not bioconcentrated.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Fishes; Water; Fluorocarbons; Groundwater; Alkanesulfonates; Massachusetts; Polyethylene
PubMed: 36972291
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06500 -
Environment International Mar 2020Bisphenol A (BPA) and, with increasing occurrence, its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are applied in many consumer products, leading to humans being...
The EuroMix human biomonitoring study: Source-to-dose modeling of cumulative and aggregate exposure for the bisphenols BPA, BPS, and BPF and comparison with measured urinary levels.
BACKGROUND
Bisphenol A (BPA) and, with increasing occurrence, its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are applied in many consumer products, leading to humans being exposed from a vast number of sources and via several routes. Estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects are exerted by the chemical BPA, and also by its analogs. Therefore, realistic exposure assessments are needed for assessing risks related to cumulative exposure.
OBJECTIVES
Biomonitoring for BPA, BPS, and BPF was conducted in a human study embedded in the EU project EuroMix and the measured urinary concentrations were compared to source-to-dose calculations for source allocation and plausibility test of the model.
METHODS
For two 24-hour study periods separated by 2-3 weeks, 144 adult volunteers in Norway kept detailed diaries on food consumption, personal care product (PCP) use, and thermal paper (TP) handling. Concurrently, 24 h urine was collected and urinary levels of BPA, BPS, and BPF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). In line with the information obtained from the first study day, bisphenol exposure from food, PCPs, TP, and dust was modeled primarily individual-based with probabilistic models. Estimates for BP excretion over 24 h were obtained with the models and compared to measured amounts.
RESULTS
Modeled aggregate internal exposures covered the full range of measured urinary amounts for all BP analogs. In general, individual-based medians of modeled BPA exposures were in good agreement with the measurements, but individual-specific correlation was lacking. Modeled exposures mostly underestimated BPS and BPF levels in participants with positive measurements (53% and 8%), except for the P95 values of modeled BPS exposure that were higher than measured amounts if TP was handled. Most likely, diet and TP were the sources contributing the most to BP exposure in this study. Urinary measurements did not reveal a significant correlation between the amounts of canned food consumed, the number of PCPs used, or the number of TP handling events and levels of BPA, BPS, or BPF.
CONCLUSIONS
The good agreement between the ranges of modeled BPA exposure and measured BPA amounts indicates that available concentrations, especially from the main exposure source food, mirror the exposure situation realistically, and suggests that the exposure model considers the relevant exposure sources. The lack of individual-specific correlations means that the individual measured amounts and modeled exposures did not vary in parallel, e.g. due to mismatch of BP concentrations in food, TP, and other sources, or delayed internal exposure. The underestimation of modeled BPS and BPF exposure suggests that not all relevant sources were included in the respective exposure models. This could be due to a lack of input data, e.g. for food items, or due to an increased replacement of BPA with structural analogs compared to the used concentration and occurrence data.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biological Monitoring; Chromatography, Liquid; Cosmetics; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Norway; Phenols; Sulfones; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 31884417
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105397