-
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2021Leprosy, podoconiosis, and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are among the priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Ethiopia. The disability, psychosocial, and mental...
Leprosy, podoconiosis, and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are among the priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Ethiopia. The disability, psychosocial, and mental health status of people affected by these NTDs are still overlooked in global NTD discourse. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing evidence describing the disability, psychosocial, and mental health status of people affected by leprosy, podoconiosis, and LF prior to developing a holistic physical and psychosocial care package for these individuals. We searched papers reporting on disability, psychosocial, and mental health status linked to these 3 NTDs. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019128400. Peer-reviewed articles were searched and extracted from Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, and Embase. Articles published in English, irrespective of the year of publication, using a quantitative study methodology, were included. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed by 2 reviewers. Data were extracted and narratively summarized, as the studies were heterogeneous and used different outcome measures. Out of 1,318 titles/abstracts screened and 59 full text studies reviewed, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies provided evidence of the disability associated with leprosy, podoconiosis, or LF. Ten studies provided evidence on the association between the 3 NTDs and mental health or psychosocial outcomes. The prevalence of grade 2 disability varied from 3.9% to 86%. The most commonly reported mental health impacts were depression and mental distress. A high burden of mental illness was reported, varying from 12.6% to 71.7%; the suicidal ideation was also high (18.5%). In conclusion, disability and poor psychosocial and mental health status are associated with leprosy, podoconiosis, and LF. For optimum management of these NTDs, holistic care including both physical and psychosocial interventions is vital.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Elephantiasis; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Humans; Leprosy; Mental Health; Neglected Diseases
PubMed: 34237079
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009492 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine May 2000To summarize the literature on farm child nonfatal injury incidence and the subsequent disability to children. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the literature on farm child nonfatal injury incidence and the subsequent disability to children.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We used a systematic process to search the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, NTIS and NIOSHTIC. The reference lists from each potentially eligible study were checked and experts in the field contacted for additional reports.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies for selection had to meet the following criteria: published in the last 20 years (1979-1998); located in North America; and include nonfatal farm injury cases for children under age 20.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were examined for study design, location, sample size, injury rate, injury sources, and functional outcomes.
RESULTS
Among the 32 studies, there were 9 case series, 11 secondary analyses of administrative databases, 2 case-control studies, 6 cross-sectional surveys, one mixed-method study, 2 prospective case series reports, and 1 cohort study. Twenty-two of the studies confined the sample to agriculture, but nine of these combined children within a larger sample, creating considerable difficulty in examining only agricultural injuries to children. Only one study focused on outcome measurement. Although nearly all the reports provided some discussion about injury severity, these comments were generally limited to injury severity scores or injury type.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite increasing attention on farm-related child injury, the literature continues to report primarily descriptive studies that rely on small samples focusing on the nature of the injury event and immediate consequences. Analysis of larger databases, such as worker compensation claims, trauma registries, and agricultural injury surveillance, still lacks valid denominators; thus, incidence rates cannot be calculated. Very little was found regarding disability among children who experienced agricultural injury, even though the literature clearly proclaims the severity and seriousness of child injury on farms. To complete the portrait of the burden of this continuing problem, research must include functional outcome measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Agriculture; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Incidence; Injury Severity Score; Male; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; United States; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 10793283
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00143-4 -
Pain Sep 2013Sensitization of the nervous system can present as pain hypersensitivity that may contribute to clinical pain. In spinal pain, however, the relationship between sensory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sensitization of the nervous system can present as pain hypersensitivity that may contribute to clinical pain. In spinal pain, however, the relationship between sensory hypersensitivity and clinical pain remains unclear. This systematic review examined the relationship between pain sensitivity measured via quantitative sensory testing (QST) and self-reported pain or pain-related disability in people with spinal pain. Electronic databases and reference lists were searched. Correlation coefficients for the relationship between QST and pain intensity or disability were pooled using random effects models. Subgroup analyses and mixed effects meta-regression were used to assess whether the strength of the relationship was moderated by variables related to the QST method or pain condition. One hundred and forty-five effect sizes from 40 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates for the correlation between pain threshold and pain intensity were -0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.18 to -0.11) and for disability -0.16 (95% CI: -0.22 to -0.10). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression did not provide evidence that these relationships were moderated by the QST testing site (primary pain/remote), pain condition (back/neck pain), pain type (acute/chronic), or type of pain induction stimulus (eg, mechanical/thermal). Fair correlations were found for the relationship between pain intensity and thermal temporal summation (0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.42) or pain tolerance (-0.30, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.13), but only a few studies were available. Our study indicates either that pain threshold is a poor marker of central sensitization or that sensitization does not play a major role in patients' reporting of pain and disability. Future research prospects are discussed.
Topics: Databases, Bibliographic; Disabled Persons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold
PubMed: 23711482
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.031 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Feb 2014Health care providers are often unfamiliar with the needs of women with disability. Moreover maternity and postnatal services may not be specifically tailored to the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Health care providers are often unfamiliar with the needs of women with disability. Moreover maternity and postnatal services may not be specifically tailored to the needs of women with disability and their families. We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of healthcare interventions to improve outcomes for pregnant and postnatal women with disability and for their families.
METHODS
Studies on pregnant and postnatal women with disability and their families which evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention using a design that met the criteria used by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care group were eligible for inclusion in this review. A comprehensive search strategy was carried using eleven electronic databases. No restriction on date or language was applied. Included studies were assessed for quality and their results summarized and tabulated.
RESULTS
Only three studies fully met the inclusion criteria. All were published after 1990, and conducted as small single-centre randomized controlled trials. The studies were heterogeneous and not comparable. Therefore the main finding of this review was the lack of published research on the effectiveness of healthcare interventions to improve outcomes for pregnant women with disability and their families.
CONCLUSIONS
More research is required to evaluate healthcare interventions to improve outcomes for pregnant women with disability and their families.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Family; Female; Humans; Parturition; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 24499308
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-58 -
BMJ Open Apr 2017Befriending is an emotional supportive relationship in which one-to-one companionship is provided on a regular basis by a volunteer. It is commonly and increasingly... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Befriending is an emotional supportive relationship in which one-to-one companionship is provided on a regular basis by a volunteer. It is commonly and increasingly offered by the voluntary sector for individuals with distressing physical and mental conditions. However, the effectiveness of this intervention on health outcomes is largely unknown. We aim to conduct a systematic review of the benefits of befriending.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials of befriending for a range of physical and mental health indications including depression, anxiety, mental illness, cancer, physical illness and dementia. Main outcomes included patient-relevant and disease-specific outcomes, such as depression, loneliness, quality of life, self-esteem, social support and well-being.
RESULTS
A total of 14 trials (2411 participants) were included; 7 were judged at low risk of bias. Most trials showed improvement in symptoms associated with befriending but these associations did not reach statistical significance in all trials. Befriending was significantly associated with better patient-reported outcomes across primary measures (standardised mean difference 0.18 (95% CI, -0.002 to 0.36, I=26%, seven trials)). However, there was no significant benefit on single outcomes, including depression, quality of life, loneliness ratings, self-esteem measures, social support structures and well-being.
CONCLUSIONS
There was moderate quality evidence to support the use of befriending for the treatment of individuals with different physical and mental health conditions. This evidence refers to an overall improvement benefit in patient-reported primary outcomes, although with a rather small effect size. The current evidence base does not allow for firm conclusions on more specific outcomes. Future trials should hypothesise a model for the precise effects of befriending and use specified inclusion and outcome criteria.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Self Concept; Social Support
PubMed: 28446525
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014304 -
Journal of Manipulative and... Sep 2017The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature of the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy interventions on pain and disability in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature of the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy interventions on pain and disability in older persons with chronic low back pain (LBP).
METHODS
A literature search of 4 electronic databases was performed (PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, and CINAHL). Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials of manual therapy interventions on older persons who had chronic LBP. Effectiveness was determined by extracting and examining outcomes for pain and disability, with safety determined by the report of adverse events. The PEDro scale was used for quality assessment of eligible studies.
RESULTS
The search identified 405 articles, and 38 full-text articles were assessed. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. All trials were of good methodologic quality and had a low risk of bias. The included studies provided moderate evidence supporting the use of manual therapy to reduce pain levels and alleviate disability.
CONCLUSIONS
A limited number of studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy in the management of older people with chronic LBP. The current evidence to make firm clinical recommendations is limited. Research with appropriately designed trials to investigate the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy interventions in older persons with chronic LBP is required.
Topics: Aged; Chronic Pain; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Manipulations; Patient Safety; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29079255
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.06.008 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Physical function is one of the most important constructs assessed in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and it could be very useful to assess movement ability from... (Review)
Review
Physical function is one of the most important constructs assessed in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and it could be very useful to assess movement ability from the perspective of the patient. The objective of this study was to compare the content of the domains related to mobility covered by the HRQOL questionnaires based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to evaluate their quality according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance. For this, a systematic review was carried out in the databases Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria were development and/or validation studies about generic HRQOL measures, and the instruments had to include items related to mobility and studies written in English or Spanish. The comparison of content was performed using the ICF coding system. A total of 3614 articles were found, 20 generic HRQOL instruments were identified and 120 (22.4%) mobility-related items were found. Walking was the most represented category. Low-quality evidence on some measurement properties of the generic HRQOL instruments was revealed. The CAT-Health is a useful questionnaire to be used in rehabilitation due to its psychometric properties and its content.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Disabled Persons; Activities of Daily Living; Surveys and Questionnaires; Walking; Psychometrics
PubMed: 36554369
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416493 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2017People living with disabilities in Cameroon face many barriers to daily functioning and social participation. However, there is limited research on disabilities and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
People living with disabilities in Cameroon face many barriers to daily functioning and social participation. However, there is limited research on disabilities and their impact. We sought to examine the research related to disability from Cameroon.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review, bibliometric analysis, and narrative synthesis of research related to disability, functioning, and social participation from Cameroon published during 2005-2014. The articles were screened in duplicate to identify articles addressing impacts of disability on functioning. Disability was contextualized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Data were analyzed narratively per identified themes using an inductive data-driven approach.
RESULTS
A total of 46 studies were included following full-text review of which 36 addressed non-communicable diseases and conditions, 7 addressed infectious diseases and 3 addressed neglected tropical diseases. Among ICF Activity and Participation Restrictions, work and employment was the highest reported category (19 studies), followed by intimate relationships (14 studies), and looking after one's health (8 studies). Among ICF Environmental Factors, societal attitudes were the highest reported category (21 studies), followed by health services, systems and policies (14 studies) and support and relationships (11 studies). Among other common themes, knowledge and awareness was the highest reported category (22 studies), closely followed by traditional beliefs (20 studies) and financial barriers (9 studies).
CONCLUSION
There is a small body of primary research from Cameroon on disability. The main themes related to disability are stigma, limited knowledge and awareness, poor quality of care and hindered employment opportunities. Further efforts are required to investigate the complexities of living with a disability in Cameroon and strategies to enhance adequate participation in activities of daily life.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Cameroon; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Research Design; Social Participation; Social Stigma
PubMed: 28819494
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.73.12167 -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Nov 2017Psychological treatments delivered by non-psychologists have been proposed as a way to increase access to care to address important psychological barriers to recovery in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Psychological treatments delivered by non-psychologists have been proposed as a way to increase access to care to address important psychological barriers to recovery in people with low back pain (LBP).
PURPOSE
This review aimed to synthesize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered by non-psychologists in reducing pain intensity and disability in adults with LBP, compared with usual care.
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review without meta-analysis was carried out.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials including adult patients with all types of musculoskeletal LBP were eligible. Interventions included those based on psychological principles and delivered by non-psychologists. The primary outcomes of interest were self-reported pain intensity and disability. Information sources included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Registrar for Controlled Trials. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for the evaluation of internal validity.
RESULTS
There were 1,101 records identified, 159 were assessed for eligibility, 16 were critically appraised, and 11 studies were included. Mild to moderate risk of bias was present in the included studies, with personnel and patient blinding, treatment fidelity, and attrition being the most common sources of bias. Considerable heterogeneity existed for patient population, intervention components, and comparison groups. Although most studies demonstrated statistical and clinical improvements in pain and disability, few were statistically superior to the comparison group.
CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with the broader psychological literature, psychological interventions delivered by non-psychologists have modest effects on low back pain and disability. Additional high quality research is needed to understand what patients are likely to respond to psychological interventions, the appropriate dose to achieve the desired outcome, the amount of training required to implement psychological interventions, and the optimal procedures to ensure treatment fidelity.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Disabled Persons; Humans; Low Back Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28756301
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.07.006 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Mar 2021The objective of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence and processes of disability disclosure for persons with autism spectrum disorder.
PURPOSE
The objective of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence and processes of disability disclosure for persons with autism spectrum disorder.
METHODS
Systematic searches of seven international databases revealed 26 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We analyzed these studies with respect to participant demographics, methodology, results and quality of the evidence.
RESULTS
Among the 26 studies, 7006 participants (aged 13-75, mean 28.1 years) were represented across seven countries. Our findings showed that rates of disclosure and receiving workplace accommodations varied considerably. Benefits of disclosing in the workplace included greater acceptance and inclusion, receiving accommodations, and increasing awareness about autism. Limitations of disclosing to employers involved experiencing stigma and discrimination. Factors affecting decisions to disclose included age at diagnosis, social demands of the job, and workplace policies. Types of accommodations that were received or desired included adjustments to the job interview process, schedules (i.e., flexibility, working from home), job content or working conditions, environment (i.e., lighting, quiet space); support with communication and social skills; and disability awareness training for their workplace colleagues.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight that disclosing a condition of autism in the workplace and requesting accommodations is complex. More research is needed to explore processes of disclosing and accommodation and how these processes vary by autism sub-type, gender, and industry type.Implications for rehabilitationClinicians and vocational Counselors should support people with autism to advocate for their needs in the workplace, including the potential benefits of disclosing their conditions so they can access accommodations that allow them to keep healthy and productive in workplace.Clinicians should recognize that people with autism spectrum disorder may have different workplace accommodation needs than those with other types of disabilities, in particular support with social and communication skills.Clinicians should aid people with autism to access resources and supports that are available to them to access workplace accommodations.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Disabled Persons; Disclosure; Humans; Workplace
PubMed: 31282214
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1635658