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Microorganisms Feb 2022Legionnaires' Disease (LD) is a severe, sometimes fatal interstitial pneumonia due to . Since the inception of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, some contradictory reports about... (Review)
Review
Legionnaires' Disease (LD) is a severe, sometimes fatal interstitial pneumonia due to . Since the inception of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, some contradictory reports about the effects of lockdown measures on its epidemiology have been published, but no summary evidence has been collected to date. Therefore, we searched two different databases (PubMed and EMBASE) focusing on studies that reported the occurrence of LD among SARS-CoV-2 cases. Data were extracted using a standardized assessment form, and the results of such analyses were systematically reported, summarized, and compared. We identified a total of 38 articles, including 27 observational studies (either prospective or retrospective ones), 10 case reports, and 1 case series. Overall, data on 10,936 SARS-CoV-2 cases were included in the analyses. Of them, 5035 (46.0%) were tested for either through urinary antigen test or PCR, with 18 positive cases (0.4%). A pooled prevalence of 0.288% (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.129-0.641), was eventually calculated. Moreover, detailed data on 19 co-infections LD + SARS-CoV-2 were obtained (males: 84.2%; mean age: 61.9 years, range 35 to 83; 78.9% with 1 or more underlying comorbidities), including 16 (84.2%) admissions to the ICU, with a Case Fatality Ratio of 26.3%. In summary, our analyses suggest that the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2- infections may represent a relatively rare but not irrelevant event, and incident cases are characterized by a dismal prognosis.
PubMed: 35336074
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030499 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Jan 2022Biosensors for sensitive and specific detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are particularly valued for their portability, usability, relatively low cost, and... (Review)
Review
Biosensors for sensitive and specific detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are particularly valued for their portability, usability, relatively low cost, and real-time or near real-time response. Their application is widespread in several domains, including environmental monitoring. The main limitation of currently developed biosensors is a lack of sensitivity and specificity in complex matrices. Due to increased interest in biosensor development, we conducted a systematic review, complying with the PRISMA guidelines, covering the period from January 2010 to December 2019. The review is focused on biosensor applications in the identification of foodborne and waterborne microorganisms based on research articles identified in the Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus search engines. Efforts are still in progress to overcome detection limitations and to provide a rapid detection system which will safeguard water and food quality. The use of biosensors is an essential tool with applicability in the evaluation and monitoring of the environment and food, with great impact in public health.
Topics: Bacteria; Biosensing Techniques; Environmental Monitoring; Food; Water
PubMed: 34949365
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.009 -
Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official... Jul 2022This systematic review investigated the outcomes of revision surgery after periprosthetic ankle infection (PAI). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review investigated the outcomes of revision surgery after periprosthetic ankle infection (PAI).
METHODS
According to the PRISMA statement, 9 studies with 131 PAIs surgically treated and analyzed were included. Demographics and surgical techniques with eradication rates and complications were reported.
RESULTS
Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (30.4%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (26.5%) were the most common microorganisms. The eradication rate was 91.7% with permanent antibiotic spacers (SPC), 84.4% with 2-stage, 79.4% with arthrodesis (AA), and 58.8% with debridement and implant retention (DAIR). DAIR showed a significantly lower eradication rate than 2-stage (p = 0.016) and SPC (p = 0.043). Amputations occurred in 25% of patients after SPC, 8.8% after AA and 3.9% after DAIR. SPC showed a significantly higher amputation rate than DAIR and 2-stage (p = 0.044, and p = 0.017, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
SPC and 2-stage revision show the highest eradication rates, but 2-stage has a lower risk of amputation.
Topics: Ankle; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Humans; Limb Salvage; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34321185
DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.07.009 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Mar 2023Probiotics are live bacteria found in food that assist the body's defence mechanisms against pathogens by reconciling the gut microbiota. Probiotics are believed to aid... (Review)
Review
Probiotics are live bacteria found in food that assist the body's defence mechanisms against pathogens by reconciling the gut microbiota. Probiotics are believed to aid with gut health, the immune system, and brain function, among other factors. They've furthermore been shown to help with constipation, high blood pressure, and skin issues. The global probiotics market has been incrementally growing in recent years, as consumers' demand for healthy diets and wellness has continued to increase. This has prompted the food industry to develop new probiotic-containing food products, as well as researchers to explore their specific characteristics and impacts on human health. Although most probiotics are fastidious microorganisms that are nutritionally demanding and sensitive to environmental conditions, they become less viable as they are processed and stored. In this review we studied the current literature on the fundamental idea of probiotic bacteria, their medical benefits, and their selection, characterization, and implementations.
PubMed: 36911328
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01210-z -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Oropharyngeal avian trichomonosis is a potentially lethal parasitic disease that affects several avian orders. This review is focused on the disease treatments since...
Oropharyngeal avian trichomonosis is a potentially lethal parasitic disease that affects several avian orders. This review is focused on the disease treatments since prophylactic treatment is prohibited in most countries and resistant strains are circulating. A systematic review following the PRISMA procedure was conducted and included 60 articles. Successful and non-toxic treatments of avian oropharyngeal trichomonosis started with enheptin, a drug replaced by dimetridazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, carnidazole and ronidazole. Administration in drinking water was the most employed and recommended method, although hierarchy of the avian flocks and palatability of the medicated water can interfere with the treatments. Besides pigeons, treatments with nitroimidazoles were reported in budgerigars, canaries, finches, bald eagles, a cinereous vulture and several falcon species, but resistant strains were reported mainly in domestic pigeons and budgerigars. Novel treatments include new delivery systems proved with traditional drugs and some plant extracts and its main components. Ethanolic extracts from ginger, curry leaf tree and , alkaloid extracts of and essential oils of and some Lamiaceae were highly active. Pure active compounds from the above extracts displayed good anti-trichomonal activity, although most studies lack a cytotoxicity or in vivo test.
PubMed: 36422367
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112297 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Pediatric and neonatal sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in these age groups. Accurate and early etiological identification is essential for... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Pediatric and neonatal sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in these age groups. Accurate and early etiological identification is essential for guiding antibiotic treatment, improving survival, and reducing complications and sequelae. Currently, the identification is based on culture-dependent methods, which has many limitations for its use in clinical practice, and obtaining its results is delayed. Next-generation sequencing enables rapid, accurate, and unbiased identification of multiple microorganisms in biological samples at the same time. The objective of this study was to characterize the etiology of neonatal and pediatric sepsis by metagenomic techniques.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PRISMA-2020 guide. Observational, descriptive, and case report studies on pediatric patients were included, with a diagnostic evaluation by clinical criteria of sepsis based on the systemic inflammatory response, in sterile and non-sterile biofluid samples. The risk of bias assessment of the observational studies was carried out with the STROBE-metagenomics instrument and the CARE checklist for case reports.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Five studies with a total of 462 patients were included. Due to the data obtained from the studies, it was not possible to perform a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Based on the data from the included studies, the result identified that mNGS improves the etiological identification in neonatal and pediatric sepsis, especially in the context of negative cultures and in the identification of unusual microorganisms (bacteria that are difficult to grow in culture, viruses, fungi, and parasites). The number of investigations is currently limited, and the studies are at high risk of bias. Further research using this technology would have the potential to improve the rational use of antibiotics.
PubMed: 37063664
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1011723 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2024To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the dental caries and periodontal status in patients aged 0 to 18 years with non-syndromic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Characterization of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the oral microbiota with the dental and periodontal status in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the dental caries and periodontal status in patients aged 0 to 18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was carried out. Five databases were consulted, including publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The evaluations of the quality of the observational studies and the experimental studies were carried out with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and CONSORT guidelines, respectively. The risk of bias of the studies was determined using Rev Manager 5.4, and 5 publications were meta-analyzed.
RESULTS
The cariogenic microbiota of children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate was similar to that of children without clefts, although with higher counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The periodontopathogenic microbiota was related to the presence of Campylobacter spp, Fusobacterium spp, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Parvimonas micra and Porphyromonas gingivalis, considered microorganisms with high pathogenic capacity. Heterogeneity was shown in relation to the microbiota and the type of fissure, presenting numerous microorganisms associated with the pre- and post-surgical condition (cheilorrhaphy and palatorrhaphy) such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta hemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, Moraxella catarrhalis, Candida spp, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The meta-analysis revealed that patients with cleft lip and palate were 2.03 times more likely to have caries than the control group (p<0.005).
CONCLUSION
In the microbiota, there was a great diversity of microorganisms that can vary according to the type of fissure and surgical interventions predisposing patients to a greater probability of dental caries, it is important to take into account the technique used to describe the oral microbiota in order to be able to compare the different studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Studying the microbiota and the relationship of dental caries and periodontal status in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate can facilitate the comprehensive care of patients with these conditions.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Dental Caries; Microbiota
PubMed: 38587683
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05624-3 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jan 2015Environmental surfaces may contribute to transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Noninvasive portable clinical items potentially shared among patients (NPIs) are part of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Environmental surfaces may contribute to transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Noninvasive portable clinical items potentially shared among patients (NPIs) are part of the patient's immediate surroundings and may pose a threat of pathogen transmission.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the body of literature describing the range of microorganisms found on NPIs and evaluate the evidence regarding the potential for cross-transmission of microorganisms between NPIs and hospitalized patients in non-outbreak conditions.
DESIGN
A comprehensive list of NPIs was developed, and a systematic review of these items combined with healthcare-associated infection related keywords was performed.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to identify and synthesize research reports published between January 1990 and July 2013 on studies regarding contamination of NPIs and association to infections in non-outbreak circumstances.
RESULTS
1498 records were scanned for eligibility. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, rates of NPI contamination ranged from 23% to 100%. Normal skin or environmental flora were found on almost all positive cultures. Potential pathogens, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, were present on up to 86%, and Pseudomonas spp. and/or Enterobacteriaceae in 38% of positive cultures. Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated from up to 25% of items. Three studies explored association between NPIs contamination and patient colonization and infection. One study reported 5 patients with healthcare-associated infections with pathogens found concurrently on NPIs, one found cross-transmission between patient skin bacteria and NPI contamination, and a third did not find any cross-transmission.
CONCLUSIONS
Potential pathogens and multiply resistant organisms present on NPIs in routine, non-outbreak conditions and in a variety of settings confirms the need to improve NPIs decontamination practices.
Topics: Cross Infection; Humans; Patient Care
PubMed: 24997681
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.06.001 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases (CAD) patients.
METHODS
This study was designed and implemented up to 31 August 2020. The findings present according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist. Two independent reviewers (I.RJ and S.H) performed a comprehensive search on four different English databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Embase. In order to assess the quality of the articles, a checklist prepared by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used.
RESULTS
Finally, 44 studies were selected. The prevalence of different microorganisms in coronary arteries were as follows: (46.2%), (43.0%), (42.8%), (29.1%), (18.9%), virus type 1 (5.9%), (42.6%), (47.6%), (43.7%), and (32.9%).
CONCLUSION
Based on the result of this meta-analysis, and are the most common microorganisms in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries and may have an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.
PubMed: 36506809
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8678967 -
JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques Aug 2022is a commensal intradermal microorganism that is commonly isolated at revision shoulder arthroplasty. Standard practice chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin preparation... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
is a commensal intradermal microorganism that is commonly isolated at revision shoulder arthroplasty. Standard practice chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin preparation agents have limited effectiveness at eradicating in the dermis. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has demonstrated effectiveness against . This meta-analysis compares the efficacy of at-home shoulder decolonization before surgery using CHG vs. BPO to reduce shoulder burden.
METHODS
This was a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review. PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for studies evaluating the effects of CHG and BPO in reducing at the shoulder. Trial results were extracted and pooled using a random effects model, separating data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Methodologic quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tools.
RESULTS
Ten studies (589 patients) were included. RCTs showed that both BPO and CHG led to significant reductions in culture positivity compared with negative controls (risk ratio [RR] with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20 [0.13, 0.30], < .0001 and 0.46 [0.37, 0.57], < .0001, respectively). Non-RCT data demonstrated similar results comparing BPO and CHG to the control (RR with 95% CI = 0.34 [0.21, 0.57], < .0001 and 0.31 [0.20, 0.49], < .0001, respectively). Comparing BPO and CHG, RCT data showed a significant reduction in culture positivity with BPO (RR with 95% CI = 0.46 [0.27, 0.77], < .009). Of RCTs, 5 were low and one was of moderate risk of bias. Of non-RCTs, 3 had low risk of bias, whereas one had moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
This review demonstrated that preoperative CHG and BPO can reduce at the shoulder. However, BPO exhibits greater efficacy than CHG, potentially because of the compound's ability to penetrate the dermis. BPO is a simple and economical agent that may reduce joint exposure to in shoulder surgery.
PubMed: 37588870
DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2022.02.002