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Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the... 2020Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in bone health and stature among children and adolescents with celiac disease versus healthy controls.
DATA SOURCES
Articles published before February 27, 2018 were located using searches of the Physical Education Index (n = 186), PubMed (n = 180), Scopus (n = 3), SPORTDiscus (n = 3), and Web of Science (n = 4).
STUDY SELECTION
Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and height was measured using a stadiometer.
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as follows: the mean difference of the celiac disease group and healthy control group, divided by the pooled standard deviation. The inverse variance weight was used to calculate the overall mean ES. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean ES, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to identify potential moderators.
RESULTS
The results of 30 effects gathered from 12 studies published between 1996 and 2017 indicated BMC (ES = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.40; p < 0.0001) and aBMD (ES = 0.72, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.47; p < 0.0001) were lower in youth with celiac disease.
LIMITATIONS
These results were limited to only cross-sectional and baseline data from longitudinal studies reporting BMC and BMD, however did not assess changes in bone health over time.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with celiac disease have suboptimal bone health and shorter stature.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcification, Physiologic; Celiac Disease; Child; Humans
PubMed: 30833087
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.003 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jun 2012Some epidemiological evidence suggests that diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) may be beneficial for skeletal health. The aim of this systematic review was to... (Review)
Review
Some epidemiological evidence suggests that diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) may be beneficial for skeletal health. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support a positive effect of n-3 FAs on osteoporosis. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases. We included RCTs with skeletal outcomes conducted in adults or children (> = 1 year old) using n-3 FA fortified foods, diets or supplements alone or in combination with other vitamins/minerals, versus placebo. Primary outcomes were incident fracture at any site and bone mineral density (BMD) in g/cm2. Secondary outcomes included bone formation or resorption markers and bone turnover regulators. A total of 10 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes with 95 % confidence intervals were estimated to compare studies across various treatments and outcome measures. No pooled analysis was completed due to heterogeneity of studies and small sample sizes. No RCTs included fracture as an outcome. Four studies reported significant favorable effects of n-3 FA on BMD or bone turnover markers. Of these, three delivered n-3 FA in combination with high calcium foods or supplements. Five studies reported no differences in outcomes between n-3 FA intervention and control groups; one study included insufficient data for effect size estimation. Strong conclusions regarding n-3 FAs and bone disease are limited due to the small number and modest sample sizes of RCTs, however, it appears that any potential benefit of n-3 FA on skeletal health may be enhanced by concurrent administration of calcium.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 22591899
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512001638 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 2015The identification of detrimental dietary patterns early in life may contribute to reducing the high incidence of fracture among healthy children. However, information... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The identification of detrimental dietary patterns early in life may contribute to reducing the high incidence of fracture among healthy children. However, information based on a systematic review of the effect of various dietary foods and nutrients on fracture risk is lacking.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that examined the association between dietary intake or serum nutritional concentrations and childhood fractures.
DESIGN
Studies published up until June 2015 were identified on the basis of a literature search in Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and by hand searching references by first author based on predefined inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out for case-control studies that examined differences in mean calcium intake in the case compared with the control group. Random-effects analysis was performed on the basis of the effect estimates derived as the differences in mean calcium intakes between cases and controls.
RESULTS
From a total of 1960 articles, we identified 18 observational studies, which were primarily case-control in design. Randomized controlled trials were absent, potentially because of unethical aspects related to the enrollment of children randomly assigned to certain dietary exposures and later fracture rates. Overall, fracture risk seemed to be associated with milk avoidance, high energy intake, high cheese intake, high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, and no breastfeeding. The pooled effect size of the 9 case-control studies that examined mean calcium intake, which had appropriate data for the meta-analysis, showed no association (P = 0.99) with fair heterogeneity (I(2) = 69.3%, P = 0.001) with the use of the random-effects model.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of a systematic review of studies that were judged to be of high or medium quality, there is an indication that some nutritional factors seem to be associated with an increased fracture risk among children. The results may be inflated by selection bias, bias in diet reporting, or residual confounding. More high-quality longitudinal observational or intervention studies are needed on the subject.
Topics: Bone Development; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Development; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Deficiency Diseases; Developed Countries; Diet; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Longitudinal Studies; Nutritional Status; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26447151
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108456 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Apr 2023Systematic review. (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) has become the principal cause of thoracic spinal stenosis. Dural ossification (DO) was a common clinical feature accompanying with TOLF. However, on account of the rarity, we know little about the DO in TOLF so far.
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence, diagnostic measures, and impact on the clinical outcomes of DO in TOLF by integrating the existing evidence.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database were comprehensively searched for studies relevant to the prevalence, diagnostic measures, or impact on the clinical outcomes of DO in TOLF. All retrieved studies meeting the inclusion and criterion were included into this systematic review.
RESULTS
The prevalence of DO in TOLF treated surgically was 27% (281/1046), ranging from 11 to 67%. Eight diagnostic measures have been put forward to predict the DO in TOLF using the CT or MRI modalities, including "tram track sign", "comma sign", "bridge sign", "banner cloud sign", "T2 ring sign", TOLF-DO grading system, CSAOR grading system, and CCAR grading system. DO did not affect the neurological recovery of TOLF patients treated with the laminectomy. The rate of dural tear or CSF leakage in TOLF patients with DO was approximately 83% (149/180).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of DO in TOLF treated surgically was 27%. Eight diagnostic measures have been put forward to predict the DO in TOLF. DO did not affect the neurological recovery of TOLF treated with laminectomy but was associated with high risk of complications.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Ossification, Heterotopic; Ligamentum Flavum; Prevalence; Thoracic Vertebrae; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36877368
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07625-4 -
The British Journal of Oral &... Dec 2021Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with multiple biological pathways. ASA acts by stimulating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with multiple biological pathways. ASA acts by stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ASA in the bone regeneration in animal models. This review was structured based on the PRISMA Statement and registered on PROSPERO database according to protocol number #CDR42018111403. The quality of evidence was assessed by using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). With the development of search strategies, we identified studies on the use of ASA from the following databases: 1- Medline (via PubMed); 2 - Web of Science; 3 - Scopus; and 4 - EMBASE. A total of 296 articles were identified and after screening the title, abstract, and full text, only 18 studies were selected for qualitative analysis and 12 were selected for performance of the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). A meta-analysis of the amount of bone tissue formed showed a significant advantage when ASA was locally used, revealing a mean difference (MD) of 22.75% (95% CI: 15.39-30.12) p < 0.00001. Within the limitations of the available data, the results were promising and showed that ASA can be effective in bone formation in animal models.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 34736809
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.051 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2018Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and phytoalexin found in the skins of grapes, red wine, Japanese knotweed, and peanuts. It has been studied extensively for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol has also gained attention for its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the review was to examine the mechanisms by which resveratrol reduces depressive behaviors in animal models. In total, 22 studies met the established criteria for final review. Behavioral aspects of depression were investigated using validated measures such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. While many physical measures were taken, three main biological mechanisms were explored: Regulation of the hypothalamic⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis; decreased inflammation; and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and neurogenesis. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be deemed an effective treatment for depression in animal models at doses between 10⁻80 mg/kg/day, although higher doses had the most significant effects. Future studies should examine the effects of resveratrol on depression in humans to determine the eligibility of resveratrol as a natural antidepressant with less severe side effects.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Brain; Cytokines; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation Mediators; Models, Biological; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Oxidative Stress; Resveratrol; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30200269
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092197 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Jul 2016The aim was to assess the quality and to summarise the findings of the Systematic Reviews (SRs) and Meta-Analyses (MAs) on the dental and skeletal effects of maxillary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim was to assess the quality and to summarise the findings of the Systematic Reviews (SRs) and Meta-Analyses (MAs) on the dental and skeletal effects of maxillary expansion. Electronic and manual searches have been independently conducted by two investigators, up to February 2015. SRs and MAs on the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects of fixed expanders were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). The design of the primary studies included in each SR/MA was assessed with the LRD (Level of Research Design scoring). The evidence for each outcome was rated applying a pre-determined scale. Twelve SRs/MAs were included. The AMSTAR scores ranged from 4 to 10. Two SRs/MAs included only RCTs. The current findings from SRs/MAs support with high evidence a significant increase in the short-term of maxillary dentoalveolar transversal dimensions after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). The same effect is reported with moderate evidence after Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME). However, there is moderate evidence of a non-significant difference between the two expansion modalities concerning the short-term dentoalveolar effects. With both RME and SME, significant increase of skeletal transversal dimension in the short-term is reported, and the skeletal expansion is always smaller than the dentoalveolar. Even though dental relapse to some extent is present, long-term results of the dentoalveolar effects show an increase of the transversal dimension, supported by moderate evidence for RME and low evidence for SME. Skeletal long-term effects are reported only with RME, supported by very low evidence.
Topics: Evidence-Based Dentistry; Humans; Mandible; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Development; Palatal Expansion Technique; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27004835
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12393 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Jun 2015In developing countries, deficiencies of micronutrients are thought to have a major impact on child development; however, a consensus on the specific relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In developing countries, deficiencies of micronutrients are thought to have a major impact on child development; however, a consensus on the specific relationship between dietary zinc intake and cognitive function remains elusive. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between zinc intake, status and indices of cognitive function in children and adults. A systematic literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 2014. Included studies were those that supplied zinc as supplements or measured dietary zinc intake. A meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed where sufficient data were available. Of all of the potentially relevant papers, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, 12 of which were randomised controlled trials (RCTs; 11 in children and 1 in adults) and 6 were observational studies (2 in children and 4 in adults). Nine of the 18 studies reported a positive association between zinc intake or status with one or more measure of cognitive function. Meta-analysis of data from the adult's studies was not possible because of limited number of studies. A meta-analysis of data from the six RCTs conducted in children revealed that there was no significant overall effect of zinc intake on any indices of cognitive function: intelligence, standard mean difference of <0.001 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.12, 0.13) P=0.95; executive function, standard mean difference of 0.08 (95% CI, -0.06, 022) P=0.26; and motor skills standard mean difference of 0.11 (95% CI -0.17, 0.39) P=0.43. Heterogeneity in the study designs was a major limitation, hence only a small number (n=6) of studies could be included in the meta-analyses. Meta-analysis failed to show a significant effect of zinc supplementation on cognitive functioning in children though, taken as a whole, there were some small indicators of improvement on aspects of executive function and motor development following supplementation but high-quality RCTs are necessary to investigate this further.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Child Development; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Evidence-Based Medicine; Executive Function; Humans; Motor Skills; Neurogenesis; Nutritional Status; Zinc
PubMed: 25920424
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.60 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2017Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder which can lead to multiorgan dysfunction. Malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) may occur and can cause... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder which can lead to multiorgan dysfunction. Malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) may occur and can cause subclinical deficiencies of some of these vitamins. Vitamin K is known to play an important role in both blood coagulation and bone formation. Supplementation with vitamin K appears to be one way of addressing the deficiency, but there is very limited agreement on the appropriate dose and frequency of use of these supplements. This is an updated version of the review.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of vitamin K supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis and to determine the optimal dose and route of administration of vitamin K for both routine and therapeutic use.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.Most recent search: 30 January 2017.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of all preparations of vitamin K used as a supplement compared to either no supplementation (or placebo) at any dose or route and for any duration, in children or adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (by sweat test or genetic testing).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently screened papers, extracted trial details and assessed their risk of bias.
MAIN RESULTS
Two trials (total of 32 participants) each lasting one month were included in the review and were assessed as having a moderate risk of bias. One was a dose-ranging parallel group trial in children (aged 8 to 18 years); and the other (with an older cohort) had a cross-over design comparing supplements to no treatment, but no separate data were reported for the first intervention period. Neither of the trials addressed any of the primary outcomes (coagulation, bone formation and quality of life). Both trials reported the restoration of serum vitamin K and undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels to the normal range after one month of daily supplementation with 1 mg of vitamin K.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence from randomised controlled trials on the benefits of routine vitamin K supplementation for people with CF is currently weak and limited to two small trials of short duration. However, no harm was found and until further evidence is available, the present recommendations should be adhered to.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Coagulation; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Osteogenesis; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 28829533
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008482.pub5 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Oct 2016Combined cell implantation has been widely applied in tissue engineering in recent years. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to establish whether the combined... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Combined cell implantation has been widely applied in tissue engineering in recent years. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to establish whether the combined transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair, compared with transplantation of a single cell type, following tissue injury or during tissue regeneration.
METHODS
The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eighteen controlled preclinical studies involving MSC and EPC transplantation in animal models of disease, or in coculture in vitro, were included in this review. The vessel density and other functional indexes, which were classified according to the organ source, were used to evaluate the efficiency of cotransplantation. Publication bias was assessed.
RESULTS
There was no obvious difference in angiogenesis following combined cell transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of EPCs alone; however, an improvement in the function of damaged organs was observed following cotransplantation. In addition, combined cell transplantation significantly promoted tissue recovery in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and during bone regeneration. Compared with combined transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of MSCs alone, cotransplantation significantly promoted angiogenesis and bone regeneration, as well as vessel revascularization and tissue repair in cerebrovascular disease; however, no obvious effects on cardiovascular disease were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
As an exploratory field in the discipline of tissue engineering, MSC and EPC cotransplantation offers advantages, although it is essential to assess the feasibility of this approach before clinical trials can be performed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Coculture Techniques; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27724974
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0390-4