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Pediatric Blood & Cancer Mar 2004To report the results of a systematic review to determine the effects of parents' behavior on children's coping with cancer. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To report the results of a systematic review to determine the effects of parents' behavior on children's coping with cancer.
METHODS
Searches were conducted using Medline, EMBASE, PsycLit, and articles were subsequently selected on the basis of predefined criteria.
RESULTS
Twenty-four papers were identified. There were associations between parenting behaviors and child distress both before and during medical procedures. Parents who criticized the child, or apologized for what was happening had children who were more distressed. Parents who were very permissive had more problems with adherence to treatment regimens.
CONCLUSIONS
Parents' behavior is critical in determining children's responses during procedures and adherence to home care. There has been less work concerning how parents manage more everyday problems, such as encouraging the child to go to school. Longitudinal studies are recommended to determine how parenting behaviors affect longer term child adjustment. These findings may be helpful for clinic staff to understand parents' reactions, and may also inform the content of intervention programs.
Topics: Child; Child Care; Home Nursing; Humans; Neoplasms; Parent-Child Relations; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 14752862
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.10440 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Apr 2024Autologous fat grafting is a widely adopted approach to optimize outcomes in breast reconstruction and augmentation. Although fat necrosis is a well-known consequence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autologous fat grafting is a widely adopted approach to optimize outcomes in breast reconstruction and augmentation. Although fat necrosis is a well-known consequence of autologous fat grafting, it remains inconsistently defined in the literature. In late 2014, the Food and Drug Administration released a draft guidance to restrict future autologous fat grafting-a statement that was permissively modified in late 2017. In the context of evolving guidelines and autologous fat grafting outcome data, the language and descriptions of fat necrosis are inconsistent in the literature.
METHODS
Five databases were queried for studies reporting fat necrosis following autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction or augmentation from inception to August 11, 2022. Studies were temporally stratified according to released FDA guidelines: pre-2015, 2015-2017, and 2018-2022.
RESULTS
Sixty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Prior to 2015, 6 of 21 studies (28.6%) offered clear definitions of fat necrosis. In contrast, the 2015-2017 period demonstrated an absence of clear fat necrosis definitions (0/13 studies, p = 0.03). Though the 2018-2022 period exhibited a rise in annual publications compared with the pre-2015 period (5.4 vs. 1.9, respectively, p = 0.04), this was not matched by a rise in clear fat necrosis reporting (14.8% studies, p = 0.45). Across all periods, only 16.4% of articles offered clear definitions, which exhibited wide heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
Despite the increasing popularity of autologous fat grafting, fat necrosis remains inconsistently defined and described, especially in the context of changing FDA guidelines. This limits the reliable interpretation and application of the current literature reporting fat necrosis outcomes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
PubMed: 37670050
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03568-9 -
Pediatric Dentistry Sep 2018Previous studies provide mixed and inconclusive evidence for an effect of parenting style on children's dental anxiety and behavior. The purpose of this study was to...
Previous studies provide mixed and inconclusive evidence for an effect of parenting style on children's dental anxiety and behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between parenting style and children's dental anxiety and behavior and assess the methodological quality of published literature. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles published up to November 1, 2017. The children's dental anxiety score and behavior score were the primary outcomes. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa score was used to assess methodological quality. Of the 983 articles identified, eight cross-sectional studies, with a total of 1,611 participants, met our inclusion criteria. We observed significant differences in children's dental anxiety and behavior, according to parenting style, in studies of preschool children without dental experience or a history of dental phobia. Conversely, no differences were seen in studies of school-aged children with previous dental experience or who were referred to a dentist. The evidence supports a relationship between parenting style and children's dental anxiety and behavior. However, this association was limited to preschool children with no dental experience or dental phobia.
Topics: Authoritarianism; Child; Child Rearing; Dental Anxiety; Humans; Parenting; Permissiveness; Problem Behavior
PubMed: 30355427
DOI: No ID Found -
Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial de... Oct 2005Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the high-risk diseases in neonatal surgery. The aim of this article is to make an update of the controversies about the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the high-risk diseases in neonatal surgery. The aim of this article is to make an update of the controversies about the therapeutic management (time of surgery and modalities of medical stabilization) of CDH, by means of a systematic and critical review of the best scientific evidence in bibliography.
METHODS
Systematic and structured review of the articles about therapeutic management of CDH (surgery, mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, surfactant, etc) published in secondary (TRIPdatabase, systematic review in Cochrane Collaboration, clinical practice guidelines, health technology assessment database, etc) and primary (bibliographic databases, biomedical journals, books, etc) publications and critical appraisal by means of methodology of the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. We selected the publications with the main scientific evidence in therapeutical articles (clinical trial, systematic review, meta-analysis and clinical practice guideline).
RESULTS
The main secondary information is found in The Cochrane Library: 3 systematic review in the Neonatal Group (one specific about the time of surgery, and two related to the use of nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonatal severe respiratory failure). But we found the main relevant articles in Pubmed database, mainly published in Journal Pediatric Surgery and with some clusters of investigation (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group in Texas University and Buffalo Institute of Fetal Therapy in New York University).
CONCLUSIONS
From the evidence-based analysis, the results of CDH management between immediate versus delayed surgery were unclear, but delayed surgical (with pre-operative stabilization) has become preferred approach in many centers, and foetal surgery is not better than neonatal one. Opinion regarding the time of surgery has gradually shifted from early repair to a policy of stabilization and delayed repair. Because of associated persistent pulmonary hypertension and/or pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH, medical therapy is focused toward optimizing oxygenation while avoiding barotrauma, using gentle ventilation and permissive hypercarbia. High frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are used in severe cases, but these treatments do not clearly improve the outcome in neonates with CDH. The usefulness of surfactant and partial liquid ventilation are based in animal model experimentation, because the clinical trials in newborns are little and non-conclusive. Challenges for the future in this thematic area include the need for bigger and better trials of therapy in this field, with long-term outcomes among surviving children.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 16466143
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Stem Cells Jul 2020The impairment of cutaneous wound healing results in chronic, non-healing wounds that are caused by altered wound environment oxygenation, tissue injury, and permissive...
BACKGROUND
The impairment of cutaneous wound healing results in chronic, non-healing wounds that are caused by altered wound environment oxygenation, tissue injury, and permissive microbial growth. Current modalities for the treatment of these wounds inadequately address the complex changes involved in chronic wound pathogenesis. Consequently, stem cell therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic modality to promote cutaneous regeneration through trophic and paracrine activity.
AIM
To investigate current literature regarding use of stem cell therapies for the clinical treatment of chronic, non-healing wounds.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were queried with combinations of the search terms "mesenchymal stem cells," "adult stem cells," "embryonic stem cells," "erythroid precursor cells," "stem cell therapies," and "chronic wounds" in order to find relevant articles published between the years of 2000 and 2019 to review a 20-year experience. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles. Retrieved manuscripts (reviews, case reports/series, retrospective/prospective studies, and clinical trials) were evaluated by the authors for their depiction of clinical stem cell therapy use. Data were extracted from the articles using a standardized collection tool.
RESULTS
A total of 43 articles describing the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds were included in this review. While stem cell therapies have been explored in and applications in the past, recent efforts are geared towards assessing their clinical role. A review of the literature revealed that adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, epidermally-derived mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblast stem cells, keratinocyte stem cells, placental mesenchymal stem cells, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have all been employed in the treatment of chronic wounds of various etiologies. Most recently, embryonic stem cells have emerged as a novel stem cell therapy with the capacity for multifaceted germ cell layer differentiation. With the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, stem cells can enrich existing cell populations in chronic wounds in order to overcome barriers impeding the progression of wound healing. Further, stem cell therapies can be utilized to augment cell engraftment, signaling and activity, and resultant patient outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Assessing observed clinical outcomes, potential for stem cell use, and relevant therapeutic challenges allows wound care stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding optimal treatment approaches for their patients' chronic wounds.
PubMed: 32843920
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.659 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2023The potential for chemical contaminant exposure to interact with other stressors to affect animal behavioral responses to environmental variability is of mounting...
The potential for chemical contaminant exposure to interact with other stressors to affect animal behavioral responses to environmental variability is of mounting concern in the context of anthropogenic environmental change. We systematically reviewed the avian literature to evaluate evidence for contaminant-by-environment interactive effects on animal behavior, as birds are prominent models in behavioral ecotoxicology and global change research. We found that only 17 of 156 (10.9 %) avian behavioral ecotoxicological studies have explored contaminant-by-environment interactions. However, 13 (76.5 %) have found evidence for interactive effects, suggesting that contaminant-by-environment interactive effects on behavior are understudied but important. We draw on our review to develop a conceptual framework to understand such interactive effects from a behavioral reaction norm perspective. Our framework highlights four patterns in reaction norm shapes that can underlie contaminant-by-environment interactive effects on behavior, termed exacerbation, inhibition, mitigation and convergence. First, contamination can render individuals unable to maintain critical behaviors across gradients in additional stressors, exacerbating behavioral change (reaction norms steeper) and generating synergy. Second, contamination can inhibit behavioral adjustment to other stressors, antagonizing behavioral plasticity (reaction norms shallower). Third, a second stressor can mitigate (antagonize) toxicological effects of contamination, causing steeper reaction norms in highly contaminated individuals, with improvement of performance upon exposure to additional stress. Fourth, contamination can limit behavioral plasticity in response to permissive conditions, such that performance of more and less contaminated individuals converges under more stressful conditions. Diverse mechanisms might underlie such shape differences in reaction norms, including combined effects of contaminants and other stressors on endocrinology, energy balance, sensory systems, and physiological and cognitive limits. To encourage more research, we outline how the types of contaminant-by-environment interactive effects proposed in our framework might operate across multiple behavioral domains. We conclude by leveraging our review and framework to suggest priorities for future research.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birds; Ecotoxicology
PubMed: 37003321
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163169 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Jun 2018The incidence of spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) and subsequent paraplegia after thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) and thoraco-abdominal endovascular aneurysm... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) and subsequent paraplegia after thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) and thoraco-abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair is estimated to be between 2.5% and 8%. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of SCI preventive strategies in TEVAR and thoraco-abdominal repair and recommend an optimal strategy.
METHODS
Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on TEVAR, thoraco-abdominal endovascular repair, and the use of SCI preventive measures. The review was reported according to the PRISMA statement.
RESULTS
The final analysis included 43 studies (7168 patients). All studies are cohort studies (non-comparative cohorts n = 37, comparative cohorts n = 6) and largely performed retrospectively (n = 27). The included studies had an average MINORS score of 9 (range 6-13) for non-comparative studies and 15.5 (range 12-18) for comparative studies. Transient SCI occurred in 5.7% (450/7,168, 95% CI 4.5-6.9%), permanent SCI in 2.2% (232/7,168, 95% CI 1.6-2.8%). There was a trend towards increased SCI incidence for more "high risk" cohorts. Avoidance of hypotension resulted in a slightly lower permanent SCI rate 1.8% (102/4216, 95% CI 1.2-2.3%) than the overall cohort. A very low SCI estimate (transient and permanent) was found in the subgroup of studies (2 studies, n = 248) using (mild) peri-operative hypothermia (transient SCI 0.8%, permanent SCI 0.4%). In the subgroup using temporary permissive endoleak, there was a transient SCI estimate (15.4%), with a permanent SCI estimate of 4.8%. The remaining preventive measures did not significantly impact transient or permanent SCI estimates.
CONCLUSION
Low overall transient and permanent SCI rates are achieved during endovascular thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic repair. Based on the presented data, the use of selective spinal fluid drainage in high risk patients seems justified. Peri-operative hypotension should be avoided and treated where possible. The use of mild hypothermia is promising in small cohorts, but requires further evaluation. Further high quality data are essential to establish a definitive preventive strategy.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Endovascular Procedures; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Cord Ischemia
PubMed: 29525741
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.02.002