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Pediatric Dentistry 2015This study evaluated the relationship between parenting style, sociodemographic data, caries status, and child's behavior during the first dental visit. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
This study evaluated the relationship between parenting style, sociodemographic data, caries status, and child's behavior during the first dental visit.
METHODS
Parents/legal guardians of new patients aged three to six years presenting to Nationwide Children's Hospital dental clinic for an initial examination/hygiene appointment completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to assess parenting style and a 15-question demographic survey. Blinded and calibrated expanded function dental auxiliaries or dental hygienists (EFDA/DH) performed a prophylaxis and assessed child behavior using the Frankl scale (inter-rater reliability was 92 percent). A blinded and calibrated dentist performed an oral examination.
RESULTS
132 parent/child dyads participated. Children with authoritative parents exhibited more positive behavior (P<.001) and less caries (P<.001) compared to children with authoritarian and permissive parents. Children attending daycare exhibited more positive behavior compared to children who did not (P<.001). Patients with private dental insurance exhibited more positive behavior (P>.04) and less caries (P>.024) compared to children with Medicaid or no dental insurance.
CONCLUSIONS
Authoritative parenting and having private dental insurance were associated with less caries and better behavior during the first dental visit. Attending daycare was associated with better behavior during the first dental visit.
Topics: Black or African American; Authoritarianism; Child; Child Behavior; Child Care; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Insurance, Dental; Male; Medicaid; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Permissiveness; United States; White People
PubMed: 25685975
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Chemical Biology May 2022The metabolic oxidative degradation of cellular lipids severely restricts replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, but little is...
The metabolic oxidative degradation of cellular lipids severely restricts replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, but little is known about the factors regulating this process in infected cells. Here we show that HCV is restricted by an iron-dependent mechanism resembling the one triggering ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, and mediated by the non-canonical desaturation of oleate to Mead acid and other highly unsaturated fatty acids by fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2). Genetic depletion and ectopic expression experiments show FADS2 is a key determinant of cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis. Inhibiting FADS2 markedly enhances HCV replication, whereas the ferroptosis-inducing compound erastin alters conformation of the HCV replicase and sensitizes it to direct-acting antiviral agents targeting the viral protease. Our results identify FADS2 as a rate-limiting factor in ferroptosis, and suggest the possibility of pharmacologically manipulating the ferroptosis pathway to attenuate viral replication.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Ferroptosis; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Iron; Permissiveness; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34520742
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.022 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jan 2019Mosquitoes are hematophagous vectors that can acquire human viruses in their intestinal tract. Here, we define a mosquito gut commensal bacterium that promotes...
Mosquitoes are hematophagous vectors that can acquire human viruses in their intestinal tract. Here, we define a mosquito gut commensal bacterium that promotes permissiveness to arboviruses. Antibiotic depletion of gut bacteria impaired arboviral infection of a lab-adapted Aedes aegypti mosquito strain. Reconstitution of individual cultivable gut bacteria in antibiotic-treated mosquitoes identified Serratia marcescens as a commensal bacterium critical for efficient arboviral acquisition. S. marcescens facilitates arboviral infection through a secreted protein named SmEnhancin, which digests membrane-bound mucins on the mosquito gut epithelia, thereby enhancing viral dissemination. Field Aedes mosquitoes positive for S. marcescens were more permissive to dengue virus infection than those free of S. marcescens. Oral introduction of S. marcescens into field mosquitoes that lack this bacterium rendered these mosquitoes highly susceptible to arboviruses. This study defines a commensal-driven mechanism that contributes to vector competence, and extends our understanding of multipartite interactions among hosts, the gut microbiome, and viruses.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Culicidae; Dengue Virus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Insect Vectors; Microbial Interactions; Mosquito Vectors; Permissiveness; Serratia marcescens
PubMed: 30595552
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.004 -
Genetics Aug 2023A multinucleate syncytium is a common growth form in filamentous fungi. Comprehensive functions of the syncytial state remain unknown, but it likely allows for a wide...
A multinucleate syncytium is a common growth form in filamentous fungi. Comprehensive functions of the syncytial state remain unknown, but it likely allows for a wide range of adaptations to enable filamentous fungi to coordinate growth, reproduction, responses to the environment, and to distribute nuclear and cytoplasmic elements across a colony. Indeed, the underlying mechanistic details of how syncytia regulate cellular and molecular processes spatiotemporally across a colony are largely unexplored. Here, we implemented a strategy to analyze the relative fitness of different nuclear populations in syncytia of Neurospora crassa, including nuclei with loss-of-function mutations in essential genes, based on production of multinucleate asexual spores using flow cytometry of pairings between strains with differentially fluorescently tagged nuclear histones. The distribution of homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores in pairings was assessed between different auxotrophic and morphological mutants, as well as with strains that were defective in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible. Mutant nuclei were compartmentalized into both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores, a type of bet hedging for maintenance and evolution of mutational events, despite disadvantages to the syncytium. However, in pairings between strains that were blocked in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible, we observed a "winner-takes-all" phenotype, where asexual spores originating from paired strains were predominantly one genotype. These data indicate that syncytial fungal cells are permissive and tolerate a wide array of nuclear functionality, but that cells/colonies that are unable to cooperate via syncytia formation actively compete for resources.
Topics: Neurospora crassa; Genes, Fungal; Permissiveness; Phenotype; Giant Cells; Fungal Proteins; Neurospora
PubMed: 37313736
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad112 -
Acta Biomaterialia Apr 2021Biomaterial matrices must permit tissue growth and maturation for the success of tissue regeneration strategies. Naturally, this accommodation is achieved via the... (Review)
Review
Biomaterial matrices must permit tissue growth and maturation for the success of tissue regeneration strategies. Naturally, this accommodation is achieved via the dynamic remodeling of a cell's extracellular matrix (ECM). Synthetically, hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation are often engineered into materials for this purpose. More recently, supramolecular interactions have been used to provide a biomimetic and tunable mechanism to facilitate tissue formation via their dynamic and reversible non-covalent interactions. By engineering the mechanical and bioactive properties of a material, supramolecular chemists are able to design permissivity into the construct and facilitate tissue integration in-vivo. Furthermore, via the reversibility of non-covalent interactions, injectability and responsiveness can be designed for enhanced delivery and spatio-temporal control. In this review, we delineate the basic considerations needed when designing permissive supramolecular hydrogels for tissue engineering with an eye toward tissue growth and integration. We highlight three archetypal hydrogel systems that have shown well-documented tissue integration in vivo, and provide avenues to assess tissue in-growth. Careful design and assessment of the biomedical potential of a supramolecular hydrogels can inspire the creation of robust and dynamic implants for new tissue engineering applications.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Extracellular Matrix; Hydrogels; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33508507
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.034 -
The European Respiratory Journal Dec 2022SARS-CoV-2 has caused devastating effects with over 550 million infections by July 2022 and approximately 6.4 million deaths [1]. Societal and economic impacts will...
SARS-CoV-2 has caused devastating effects with over 550 million infections by July 2022 and approximately 6.4 million deaths [1]. Societal and economic impacts will reverberate for years, with continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as it persistently spreads through the human population as exemplified by reduced activity of vaccines and monoclonals against Omicron BA.4 or BA.5 subvariants [2]. A greater understanding of pathogenesis and more tailored therapeutic approaches are therefore essential.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Permissiveness; Lung; Inflammation; Macrophages
PubMed: 36028257
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01521-2022 -
Injury Epidemiology Jan 2021Due to the differences in the way gun law permissiveness scales were created and speculation about the politically motivated underpinnings of the various scales, there...
BACKGROUND
Due to the differences in the way gun law permissiveness scales were created and speculation about the politically motivated underpinnings of the various scales, there have been questions about their reliability.
METHODS
We compared seven gun law permissiveness scales, varying by type and sources, for an enhanced understanding of the extent to which choice of a gun law permissiveness scale could affect studies related to gun violence outcomes in the United States. Specifically, we evaluated seven different scales: two rankings, two counts, and three scores, arising from a range of sources. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients for each pair of scales compared. Cronbach's standardized alpha and Guttman's lambda were calculated to evaluate the relative reliability of the scales, and we re-calculated Cronbach's alpha after systematically omitting each scale to assess whether the omitted scale contributed to lower internal consistency between scales. Factor analysis was used to determine single factor loadings and estimates. We also assessed associations between permissiveness of gun laws and total firearm deaths and suicides in multivariable regression analyses.
RESULTS
All pairs of scales were highly correlated (average Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.77) and had high relative reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.968, Guttman's lambda = 0.975). All scales load onto a single factor. The choice of scale did not meaningfully change the parameter estimates for the associations between permissiveness of gun laws and gun deaths and suicides.
CONCLUSION
Gun law permissiveness scales are highly correlated despite any perceived political agenda, and the choice of gun law permissiveness scale has little effect on study conclusions related to gun violence outcomes.
PubMed: 33455576
DOI: 10.1186/s40621-020-00296-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2020Virus detection in natural and clinical samples is a complicated problem in research and diagnostics. There are different approaches for virus isolation and... (Review)
Review
Virus detection in natural and clinical samples is a complicated problem in research and diagnostics. There are different approaches for virus isolation and identification, including PCR, CRISPR/Cas technology, NGS, immunoassays, and cell-based assays. Following the development of genetic engineering methods, approaches that utilize cell cultures have become useful and informative. Molecular biology methods allow increases in the sensitivity and specificity of cell cultures for certain viruses and can be used to generate reporter cell lines. These cell lines express specific reporter proteins (e.g., GFP, luciferase, and CAT) in response to virus infection that can be detected in a laboratory setting. The development of genome editing and synthetic biology methods has given rise to new perspectives regarding the design of virus reporter systems in cell cultures. This review is aimed at describing both virology methods in general and examples of the development of cell-based methods that exist today.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Engineering; Humans; Synthetic Biology; Virology; Viruses
PubMed: 33121109
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217978 -
Addictive Behaviors Jul 2021Despite almost 1 in 5 college students being Latinx, research examining risk factors for college alcohol misuse and consequences to inform prevention efforts for Latinx...
BACKGROUND
Despite almost 1 in 5 college students being Latinx, research examining risk factors for college alcohol misuse and consequences to inform prevention efforts for Latinx is limited. The current study attempts to address a health disparity among Latinx college students by examining the effects of parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination on drinking outcomes.
METHODS
Latinx students from three large and geographically diverse public universities (N = 215; 73% female) completed measures during the fall of their first (T1) and second (T2) years. Analyses used moderated regression with bootstrapping to obtain asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals. Parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination were assessed as predictors at T1. Drinking outcomes were assessed at T2 as typical weekly drinking, peak blood alcohol content (BAC), and alcohol-related consequences.
RESULTS
T1 permissiveness was significantly positively associated with T2 peak BAC. T1 discrimination significantly moderated the association between T1 permissiveness and T2 peak BAC as well as T2 consequences. The effects of T1 permissiveness on T2 peak BAC and T2 consequences were stronger among Latinx who experienced above-average levels of T1 discrimination.
CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that among Latinx parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination are risk factors for peak BAC and alcohol-related consequences. The positive associations between parental permissiveness and peak BAC/consequences were stronger among Latinx students who experienced high levels of ethnic discrimination. Efforts to address these risk factors in future culturally sensitive parent-based interventions for Latinx college students are warranted.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Drinking in College; Female; Humans; Male; Parenting; Parents; Permissiveness; Risk Factors; Students; Universities
PubMed: 33743494
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106900 -
Heliyon Jul 2023This study compared the experiences of parental abusiveness in childhood and sexual permissiveness in adolescence between adolescents raised by dual parents and those...
OBJECTIVE
This study compared the experiences of parental abusiveness in childhood and sexual permissiveness in adolescence between adolescents raised by dual parents and those raised by single parents.
METHOD
The sampling process involved obtaining the sample size (N = 1037) based on statistical power calculations and the resources available, resulting in representativeness. The sampling frame consisted of students from different backgrounds (single-parent and two-parent families). A stratified random sampling helped to enhance the reliability and validity of the findings while minimizing potential biases. An online survey was used to collect data from the sampled students. An independent sample -test analysis was done by using SPSS software and PROCESS macro of the SPSS to test the hypotheses.
RESULTS
A significant and positive correlation was found between parental abusiveness and sexual permissiveness. There was also a significant mean difference in parental abusiveness experience and sexual permissiveness between adolescents from different family types. In addition, the average sexual permissiveness for males was higher than that of female adolescents from the same type of families.
CONCLUSION
Childhood life significantly influences adolescents' characters throughout their entire life.
PubMed: 37519719
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18101