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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2003Normal tension glaucoma is a clinical condition in which the optic nerve is pathologically excavated and the visual field is disturbed. Nevertheless it has been assumed... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Normal tension glaucoma is a clinical condition in which the optic nerve is pathologically excavated and the visual field is disturbed. Nevertheless it has been assumed that intraocular pressure plays a role in the progression of visual field defects in this disease, but other, mainly vascular factors, have been discussed as well.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review is to assess the effects of medical and surgical treatments for normal tension glaucoma.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Trials were identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group trials register), MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIOSIS Previews. Bibliographies of identified trials were searched to find additional trials. In addition, investigators and pharmaceutical companies were contacted. Date of last search: January 2001.
SELECTION CRITERIA
This review includes randomised controlled trials in which medical or surgical interventions were compared to no treatment, placebo or other treatment in people with normal tension glaucoma. Two reviewers independently assessed the full text copies of the possibly relevant trials. Trial quality was assessed according to the methods set out in Section 6 of the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook (Clarke 2000).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted by two reviewers and results were compared for differences. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. The heterogeneity of interventions, follow-up periods and outcomes did not allow for statistical combinations of the study results.
MAIN RESULTS
According to the selection criteria on visual field loss, eight studies were included in this review. Only three studies focussed on patient relevant outcomes. In one trial a beneficial effect of lowering intraocular pressure was found, but only if data were corrected for cataract development. In two small studies a beneficial effect on visual field loss of brovincamine, a calcium antagonist was reported.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
In one study the effect of intraocular pressure lowering on visual field outcome was only significant when data were corrected for cataract development. The results for calcium antagonists are promising, but larger trials have to be performed. Studies that focussed on reduction of intraocular pressure or haemodynamic variables are not necessarily relevant for the outcome in people with normal tension glaucoma.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Vincamine
PubMed: 14583947
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002222 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2013Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal outcomes have not been well established.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to determine whether supplementary oxygen given to low-risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia can prevent maternal and neonatal desaturation. The secondary objective was to compare the mean values of maternal and neonatal blood gas levels between mothers who received supplementary oxygen and those who did not (control group).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2012), MEDLINE (1948 to February 2012) and EMBASE (1980 to February 2012). We did not apply language restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials of low-risk pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia and compared outcomes with, and without, oxygen supplementation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed methodological quality and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 10 trials with a total of 683 participants. Supplementary oxygen administration varied widely in dose and duration between trials. No cases of maternal desaturation were reported, although none of the 10 trials focused on maternal desaturation. Significant differences were noted in maternal oxygen saturation (higher with oxygen, N = three trials; mean difference (MD) 1.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 2.3, P < 0.0001), maternal PaO2 (oxygen pressure in the blood; higher with oxygen, N = six trials; MD 141.8 mm Hg, 95% CI 109.3 to 174.3, P < 0.00001), neonatal UaPO2 (foetal umbilical arterial blood; higher with oxygen, N = eight trials; MD 3.3 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.9, P < 0.0001) and UvPO2 (foetal umbilical venous blood; higher with oxygen, N = 10 trials; MD 5.9 mm Hg, 95% CI 3.2 to 8.5, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were reported in neonatal UapH (N = eight trials; MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.00, P = 0.26) and in average Apgar scores at one minute (N = five trials; MD 0.07, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.34, P = 0.6) and at five minutes (N = five trials; MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.05, P = 0.91).Only two out of 10 trials had a low risk of bias in all categories. When we separated the studies into low risk and high risk for bias, we found substantial statistical heterogeneity. None of the low-risk studies showed a significant difference in neonatal UaPO2 between the two intervention groups, whereas the high-risk studies showed a benefit for the neonatal oxygen group.The level of oxygen free radicals (malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane) was higher in participants who received supplementary oxygen (N = two trials; MD 0.2 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.4, P = 0.0002; MD 64.3 pg/mL, 95% CI 51.7 to 76.8, P < 0.00001, respectively).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence suggests that supplementary oxygen given to healthy term pregnant women during elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia is associated with higher maternal and neonatal oxygen levels (maternal SpO2, PaO2, UaPO2 and UvPO2) and higher levels of oxygen free radicals. However, the intervention was neither beneficial nor harmful to the neonate's short-term clinical outcome as assessed by Apgar scores.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Cesarean Section; Dinoprost; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 23813306
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006161.pub2 -
Journal of Breath Research Feb 2017We aimed to assess the evidence for the use of 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a biomarker in adult asthma. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the evidence for the use of 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a biomarker in adult asthma.
DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis of EBC 8-isoprostane.
METHODS
We searched a number of online databases (including PubMed, Embase and Scopus) in January 2016. We included studies of adult non-smokers with EBC collection and asthma diagnosis conducted according to recognised guidelines. We aimed to pool data using random effects meta-analysis and assess heterogeneity using I .
RESULTS
We included twenty studies, the findings from which were inconsistent. Seven studies (n = 329) reported 8-isoprostane levels in asthma to be significantly higher than that of control groups, whilst six studies (n = 403) did not. Only four studies were appropriate for inclusion in a random effects meta-analysis of mean difference. This found a statistically significant between-groups difference of 22 pg ml. Confidence in the result is limited by the small number of studies and by substantial statistical heterogeneity (I = 94).
CONCLUSION
The clinical value of EBC 8-isoprostane as a quantitative assessment of oxidative stress in asthma remains unclear due to variability in results and methodological heterogeneity. It is essential to develop a robust and standardised methodology if the use of EBC 8-isoprostane in asthma is to be properly evaluated.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Dinoprost; Exhalation; Humans
PubMed: 28102831
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa5a8a -
Nutrients Mar 2016Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form during heating and processing of food products and are widely prevalent in the modern Western diet. Recent systematic... (Review)
Review
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form during heating and processing of food products and are widely prevalent in the modern Western diet. Recent systematic reviews indicate that consumption of dietary AGEs may promote inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Experimental evidence indicates that dietary AGEs may also induce renal damage, however, this outcome has not been considered in previous systematic reviews. The purpose of this review was to examine the effect of consumption of a high AGE diet on biomarkers of chronic disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), in human randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Six databases (SCOPUS, CINHAL, EMBASE, Medline, Biological abstracts and Web of Science) were searched for randomised controlled dietary trials that compared high AGE intake to low AGE intake in adults with and without obesity, diabetes or CKD. Twelve dietary AGE interventions were identified with a total of 293 participants. A high AGE diet increased circulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha and AGEs in all populations. A high AGE diet increased 8-isoprostanes in healthy adults, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with diabetes. Markers of CKD were not widely assessed. The evidence presented indicates that a high AGE diet may contribute to risk factors associated with chronic disease, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, however, due to a lack of high quality randomised trials, more research is required.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diet; Dinoprost; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Oxidative Stress; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
PubMed: 26938557
DOI: 10.3390/nu8030125 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2008Determining the optimal method of performing second-trimester abortions is important, since they account for a disproportionate amount of abortion-related morbidity and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Determining the optimal method of performing second-trimester abortions is important, since they account for a disproportionate amount of abortion-related morbidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVES
To compare surgical and medical methods of inducing abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy with regard to efficacy, side effects, adverse events, and acceptability.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We identified trials using Pub Med, EMBASE, POPLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We also searched the reference lists of identified studies, relevant review articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings for additional, previously unidentified studies. We contacted experts in the field for information on other published or unpublished research.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials comparing any surgical to any medical method of inducing abortion at >/= 13 weeks' gestation were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We assessed the validity of each study using the methods suggested in the Cochrane Handbook. Investigators were contacted as needed to provide additional information regarding trial conduct or outcomes. Two reviewers abstracted the data. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous variables using RevMan 4.2. The trials did not have uniform interventions, therefore, we were unable to combine them into a meta-analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
Two studies met criteria for this review. One compared dilation and evacuation (D&E) to intra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F(2) (alpha). The second study compared D&E to induction with mifepristone and misoprostol. Compared with prostaglandin instillation, the combined incidence of minor complications was lower with D&E (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.65) as was the total number of minor and major complications (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.46). The number of women experiencing adverse events was also lower with D&E than with mifepristone and misoprostol (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.76). Although women treated with mifepristone and misoprostol reported significantly more pain than those undergoing D&E, efficacy and acceptability were the same in both groups. In both trials, fewer subjects randomised to D&E required overnight hospitalisation.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Dilation and evacuation is superior to instillation of prostaglandin F(2) (alpha). The current evidence also appears to favour D&E over mifepristone and misoprostol, however larger randomised trials are needed.
Topics: Abortifacient Agents; Abortion, Induced; Dilatation and Curettage; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Mifepristone; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 18254113
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006714.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2010Preparing the cervix prior to surgical abortion is intended to make the procedure both easier and safer. Options for cervical preparation include osmotic dilators and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Preparing the cervix prior to surgical abortion is intended to make the procedure both easier and safer. Options for cervical preparation include osmotic dilators and pharmacologic agents. Many formulations and regimens are available, and recommendations from professional organizations vary for the use of preparatory techniques in women of different ages, parity or gestational age of the pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether cervical preparation is necessary in the first trimester, and if so, which preparatory agent is preferred.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched Cochrane, Popline, Embase, Medline and Lilacs databases for randomised controlled trials investigating the use of cervical preparatory techniques prior to first trimester surgical abortion. In addition, we hand-searched key references and contacted authors to locate unpublished studies or studies not identified in the database searches.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials investigating any pharmacologic or mechanical method of cervical preparation, with the exception of nitric oxide donors (the subject of another Cochrane review), administered prior to first trimester surgical abortion were included. Outcome measures must have included the amount of cervical dilation achieved, the procedure duration or difficulty, side-effects, patient satisfaction or adverse events to be included in this review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Trials under consideration were evaluated by considering whether inclusion criteria were met as well as methodologic quality. Fifty-one studies were included, resulting in 24 different cervical preparation comparisons. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences for continuous data.
MAIN RESULTS
When compared to placebo, misoprostol (400-600 microg given vaginally or sublingually), gemeprost, mifepristone (200 or 600 mg), prostaglandin E and F(2alpha) (2.5 mg administered intracervically) demonstrated larger cervical preparation effects. When misoprostol was compared to gemeprost, misoprostol was more effective in preparing the cervix and was associated with fewer gastrointestinal side-effects. For vaginal administration, administration 2 hours prior was less effective than administration 3 hours prior to the abortion. Compared to oral misoprostol administration, the vaginal route was associated with significantly greater initial cervical dilation and lower rates of side-effects; however, sublingual administration 2-3 hours prior to the procedure demonstrated cervical effects superior to vaginal administration.When misoprostol (600 microg oral or 800 microg vaginal) was compared to mifepristone (200 mg administered 24 hours prior to procedure), misoprostol had inferior cervical preparatory effects. Compared to day-prior laminaria tents, 200 or 400 microg vaginal misoprostol showed no differences in the need for further mechanical dilation or length of the procedure; similarly, the osmotic dilators Lamicel and Dilapan showed no differences in cervical ripening when compared to gemeprost, although gemeprost had cervical effects which were superior to laminaria tents. Older prostaglandin regimens (sulprostone, prostaglandin E(2) andF(2alpha)) were associated with high rates of gastrointestinal side-effects and unplanned pregnancy expulsions. Few studies reported women's satisfaction with cervical preparatory techniques.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Modern methods of cervical ripening are generally safe, although efficacy and side-effects between methods vary. Reports of adverse events such as cervical laceration or uterine perforation are uncommon overall in this body of evidence and no published study has investigated whether cervical preparation impacts these rare outcomes. Cervical preparation decreases the length of the abortion procedure; this may become increasingly important with increasing gestational age, as mechanical dilation at later gestational ages takes longer and becomes more difficult. These data do not suggest a gestational age where the benefits of cervical dilation outweigh the side-effects, including pain, that women experience with cervical ripening procedures or the prolongation of the time interval before procedure completion. Mifepristone 200 mg, osmotic dilators and misoprostol, 400microg administered either vaginally or sublingually, are the most effective methods of cervical preparation.
Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Alprostadil; Cervical Ripening; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Mifepristone; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First
PubMed: 20166091
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007207.pub2 -
Ophthalmology Nov 2010To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) when added to topical β-blocker (BB) therapy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) when added to topical β-blocker (BB) therapy.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.
PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-nine articles reporting on 33 study arms and 3 control arms.
METHODS
Articles published between January 1, 1990, and August 18, 2009, were identified in relevant databases. The pooled IOP-lowering effects at the 1- to 3-month follow-ups were calculated by performing random effects meta-analyses.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Absolute and relative change in IOP for mean diurnal curve and highest and lowest IOP decrease on the diurnal IOP curve.
RESULTS
Adding 0.005% latanoprost in the evening to 0.5% timolol twice daily resulted in a pooled change of -6.3 mmHg (95% CI, -7.1 to -5.5 mmHg, mean IOP curve); switching to the fixed combination of 0.5% timolol and 0.005% latanoprost in the morning resulted in a pooled change of -2.8 mmHg (95% CI, -3.3 to -2.3 mmHg, mean IOP curve). Starting with any fixed combination of 0.5% timolol and a PGA in the morning resulted in a pooled change of -8.4 mmHg (95% CI, -9.1 to -7.6 mmHg, mean IOP curve) and varied between -9.1 mmHg (95% CI, -9.9 to -8.2 mmHg, highest) and -7.9 mmHg (95% CI, -8.5 to -7.2 mmHg, lowest); starting with any fixed combination of 0.5% timolol and a PGA in the evening resulted in a pooled change of -8.6 (95% CI, -9.2 to -8.0 mmHg, mean IOP curve) and varied between -10.1 mmHg (95% CI, -11.0 to -9.2 mmHg, highest) and -7.3 mmHg (95% CI, -8.1 to -6.4 mmHg, lowest).
CONCLUSIONS
The concomitant use of latanoprost and timolol leads to a larger additional IOP reduction when compared with the fixed combination. There is no difference in mean IOP-lowering effect between evening and morning dosing of a fixed combination of timolol and a PGA, although the largest IOP decreases are seen with evening dosing. These findings are explained by differences in study design. When time points of IOP measurements close to the peak or trough moment of a drug are included, the IOP-lowering effect will be overestimated or underestimated, respectively.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 20619459
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.024 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology May 2022To assess the comparative efficacy of latanoprostene bunod (LBN), a novel prostaglandin analogue (PGA), to other medications for open-angle glaucoma and ocular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND/AIMS
To assess the comparative efficacy of latanoprostene bunod (LBN), a novel prostaglandin analogue (PGA), to other medications for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).
METHODS
A systematic literature review adapted from the Li (Ophthalmology, 2016) study was conducted. Medline, Embase and PubMed were searched for randomised controlled trials published between 1 January 2014 and 19 March 2020. Studies had to report IOP reduction after 3 months for at least two different treatments among placebo, PGAs (bimatoprost 0.01%, bimatoprost 0.03%, latanoprost, LBN, tafluprost, unoprostone) or apraclonidine, betaxolol, brimonidine, brinzolamide, carteolol, dorzolamide, levobunolol, timolol, travoprost. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to provide the relative effect in terms of mean difference (95% credible interval) of IOP reduction and ranking probabilities. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was generated.
RESULTS
A total of 106 trials were included with data for 18 523 participants. LBN was significantly more effective than unoprostone (-3.45 (-4.77 to -2.12)). Although relative effect was not significative, compared with other PGAs, LBN numerically outperformed latanoprost (-0.70 (-1.83 to 0.43)) and tafluoprost (-0.41 (-1.87 to 1.07)), was similar to bimatoprost 0.01% (-0.02(-1.59 to 1.55)) and was slightly disadvantaged by bimatoprost 0.03% (-0.17 (-1.42 to 1.07)). LBN was significantly more efficient than the beta-blockers apraclonidine, betaxolol, brimonidine, brinzolamide, carteolol, dorzolamide and timolol. According to SUCRA, LBN was ranked second after bimatoprost 0.03%, followed by bimatoprost 0.01%.
CONCLUSION
LBN was significantly more effective than the PGA unoprostone and most of the beta-blockers. Compared with the most widely used PGAs, LBN numerically outperformed latanoprost and travoprost and was similar to bimatoprost 0.01%.
Topics: Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bayes Theorem; Betaxolol; Bimatoprost; Brimonidine Tartrate; Carteolol; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Network Meta-Analysis; Ocular Hypertension; Prostaglandins A; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Timolol; Travoprost
PubMed: 33397657
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317262 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2008To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and harm of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) compared to brimonidine and dorzolamide in treating elevated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and harm of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) compared to brimonidine and dorzolamide in treating elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
METHODS
Keywords were searched in major literature databases to identify relevant randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of PGAs for ophthalmic use. The study quality of RCTs was assessed using the Jadad scale. Outcomes assessed included reduction in IOP in individual patients, adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals due to AEs.
RESULTS
Eight unique RCTs evaluating a total of 1,722 individuals were included in this systematic review. Analysis did not show a significant reduction in the mean IOP from patients receiving latanoprost compared with those receiving brimonidine (WMD = -1.04; p = 0.30). On the other hand, the latanoprost group showed a significant reduction in mean IOP compared to the dorzolamide group (WMD = -2.64; p<0.00001). The number of ocular AEs (excluding hyperaemia) was significantly higher in the brimonidine group compared with the latanoprost group (RR = 0.66; p = 0.0005).
CONCLUSION
Latanoprost was found to be significantly superior to dorzolamide but not brimonidine. However, ocular adverse events were significantly fewer in latanoprost users than in brimonide users. Neither travoprost nor bimatoprost was compared to dorzolamide or brimonidine in the present literature.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Brimonidine Tartrate; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Quinoxalines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18156371
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.123737 -
Toxicology Letters Aug 2020Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various inflammation-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various inflammation-related human disease. ROS can oxidize lipids, which subsequently undergo fragmentation to produce F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs). Eight-isoprostane is one of the most extensively studied F2-IsoPs and the most commonly used biomarker for the assessment of oxidative stress in human studies. This urinary biomarker is quantified using either chemical or immunological techniques. A "physiological" range for 8-isoprostanes is needed to use this biomarker as a measure of excess oxidative stress originating from occupational exposures. However, ranges reported in the literature are inconsistent. We designed a standardized protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess baseline values for 8-isoprostane concentrations in urine of healthy adults and identify determinants of their inter- and intra-individual variability. We searched PubMed from journal inception and up to April 2019, and screened articles for studies containing F2-IsoPs concentrations in urine for healthy adult participants. We grouped studies in three biomarker groups: "8-isoprostane", "Isoprostanes" "15- F2t-Isoprostane". We computed geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) as the basis for the meta-analysis. Of the initial 1849 articles retrieved, 63 studies were included and 107 subgroups within these study populations were identified. We stratified the subgroups analyzed with the chemical methods by body mass index (BMI) reported. We provide pooled GM values for urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations in healthy adults, separately for chemical and immunological analysis in this review. The interquartile range (IQR) in subgroups with a mean BMI below 25 measured using chemical methods was 0.18 to 0.40 μg/g creatinine. We show that there is a significant positive association between BMI and urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations. We recommend adjusting urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations in spot urine with creatinine, quantifying 8-isoprostane with chemical analytical methods, and reporting results as median and quartiles. This will help in comparing results across studies.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Smoking; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 32320775
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.006