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Journal of Bacteriology Sep 1946
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Bacteria; Culture Media; Gram-Negative Bacteria
PubMed: 20998726
DOI: 10.1128/JB.52.3.353-356.1946 -
Bioresource Technology Mar 2022The preparation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from lignocelluloses by organic acid hydrolysis has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, but reducing the...
The preparation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from lignocelluloses by organic acid hydrolysis has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, but reducing the production of by-products, especially xylose, is a prerequisite for commercial preparation of XOS using organic acid. In this work, to reduce the production of by-products, the acetic acid/sodium acetate conjugate system (AC/SA) was used to prepare XOS from poplar. Under the optimal conditions (0.15 M AC/SA, molar ratio of 3.0, 175 °C, 60 min), the maximum XOS yield was 33.6% with a low xylose/XOS ratio of 0.19. Xylanase hydrolysis effectively converted XOS with DP above 6 in the AC/SA hydrolysate to X2-X6 with little xylose produced. The XOS yield increased to 42.1%, with a xylose/XOS ratio was only 0.17. This work shows that AC/SA in combination with xylanase hydrolysis of poplar successfully achieved high XOS yield with low by-products yields without the extraction of xylan from the substrate.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Glucuronates; Hydrolysis; Oligosaccharides; Sodium Acetate; Xylans
PubMed: 34999193
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126683 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The popularity of fruits vinegar (FsV) has been increased recently as a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. This... (Review)
Review
The popularity of fruits vinegar (FsV) has been increased recently as a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. This review was designed in the frame of valorization of fruits vinegar as a by-product with high value added by providing overall information on its biochemical constituents and beneficial potencies. It contains a cocktail of bioactive ingredients including polyphenolic acids, organic acids, tetramethylperazine, and melanoidins. Acetic acid is the most abundant organic acid and chlorogenic acid is the major phenol in apple vinegar. The administration of fruits vinegar could prevent diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, cancer, and boost immunity as well as provide a remarkable antioxidant ability. The production techniques influence the quality of vinegar, and consequently, its health benefits.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Biological Products; Fermented Beverages; Fruit; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 35011451
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010222 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020Most of the current commercial production of glacial acetic acid (GAA) is by petrochemical routes, primarily methanol carbonylation. GAA is an intermediate in the...
Most of the current commercial production of glacial acetic acid (GAA) is by petrochemical routes, primarily methanol carbonylation. GAA is an intermediate in the production of plastics, textiles, dyes, and paints. GAA production from biomass might be an economically viable and sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived routes. Separation of acetic acid from water is a major expense and requires considerable energy. This study evaluates and compares the technical and economic feasibility of GAA production via bioconversion using either ethyl acetate or alamine in diisobutylkerosene (DIBK) as organic solvents for purification. Models of a GAA biorefinery with a production of 120,650 tons/year were simulated in Aspen software. This biorefinery follows the path of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, acetogen fermentation, and acid purification. Estimated capital costs for different scenarios ranged from USD 186 to 245 million. Recovery of GGA using alamine/DIBK was a more economical process and consumed 64% less energy, due to lower steam demand in the recovery distillation columns. The estimated average minimum selling prices of GGA were USD 756 and 877/ton for alamine/DIBK and ethyl acetate scenarios, respectively. This work establishes a feasible and sustainable approach to produce GGA from poplar biomass via fermentation.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Biomass; Biotransformation; Costs and Cost Analysis; Populus
PubMed: 32967253
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184328 -
Artificial Organs Jul 1998In a multicenter study including 5 dialysis units, blood acetate changes during 4 h dialysis sessions in 141 patients treated with a 4 mM acetate-containing bicarbonate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In a multicenter study including 5 dialysis units, blood acetate changes during 4 h dialysis sessions in 141 patients treated with a 4 mM acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate (ABD) were evaluated and compared to the values of 114 patients using an acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate (AFD). Acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate was delivered by a dialysis machine from the mixing with water for dialysis of a 1/26.2 bicarbonate concentrate, and a 1/35 acid-concentrate in which acetic acid was substituted for hydrochloric acid (Soludia, Fourquevaux, France). This new type of dialysate was routinely in use for 3 years on average (range, from 2 to 5 years). All patients fasted before and during dialysis. Blood samples were withdrawn at the start and at the end of dialysis sessions. The acetate plasma concentration was determined using the acetyl-CoA synthetase enzymatic method (Boehringer, Manheim, Germany). In patients treated with ABD whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range of < or = 100 microM (n = 113), the acetate plasma concentration increased from a predialysis mean value of 22+/-3 microM to a postdialysis mean value of 222+/-11 microM in 88 patients (78% of patients) whereas the acetate plasma concentration changes remained in the range of physiologic values from 21+/-6 to 58+/-7 microM in the other 25 patients. In contrast, patients treated with AFD whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range (n = 108), acetate plasma concentration increased from a predialysis mean value of 49+/-6 microM to 160+/-19 microM in only 13 patients (12% of patients) whereas acetate plasma concentration changes remained in the range of physiologic values of 23+/-2 to 41+/-3 microM in most of the patients of this group. In this study, a significant number of patients, whether receiving standard or acetate-free bicarbonate dialysates, exhibited an extremely high acetate plasma concentration at the start of the dialysis session. Hyperacetatemia was controlled with AFD in patients whose predialysis acetate plasma concentration of 316+/-82 decreased to 55 +/-23 microM (n = 6) at the end of the dialysis session whereas the acetate plasma concentration remained high when the predialysis concentration was 580+/-76 microM, with a postdialysis concentration of 233+/-39 microM (n = 28). It is concluded that in patients whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range, acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate induces hyperacetatemia whereas postdialysis blood acetate remains in the normal range in such dialysis patients treated with acetate-free dialysate. Chronic hyperacetatemia, which could be found in dialysis patients, is well controlled by dialysis using an acetate-free dialysate.
Topics: Acetate-CoA Ligase; Acetates; Acetic Acid; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bicarbonates; Dialysis Solutions; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 9684700
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1998.06205.x -
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical... Jun 1949
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium; Humans; Irritants
PubMed: 18151700
DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030380602 -
Rapid Communications in Mass... Feb 2018Mobile-phase additives in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) are used to improve peak shape, analyte ionization efficiency and method coverage. Both basic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
RATIONALE
Mobile-phase additives in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) are used to improve peak shape, analyte ionization efficiency and method coverage. Both basic and acidic mobile phases have been used successfully for negative electrospray ionization (ESI), but very few systematic investigations exist to date to justify the choice of mobile phase. Acetic acid was previously shown to improve ionization in untargeted metabolomics of urine, but has not been investigated in lipidomics. The goal of this study was to systematically compare the performance of acetic acid to that of other commonly employed additives in negative LC/ESI-MS lipidomics.
METHODS
The performance of acetic acid was compared to that of commonly used mobile-phase additives in lipidomics, namely ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate with acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide, using lipid standard solutions containing representatives of major mammalian lipid subclasses and isopropanol-precipitated human plasma. This design allowed comparison of the influence of additive and additive concentration on lipid signal intensity, lipid peak shape and lipid coverage in both simple and complex biological matrices using both Orbitrap and quadrupole time-of-flight MS platforms with different ESI source designs.
RESULTS
Ammonium hydroxide caused 2- to 1000-fold signal suppression of all lipid classes in comparison to acetic acid. In comparison to ammonium acetate, acetic acid increased lipid signal intensity from 2- to 19-fold for 11 lipid subclasses, and decreased ionization efficiency only for ceramide and phosphatidylcholine lipid classes which can be effectively ionized in positive ESI mode. The improved ionization efficiency using acetic acid also increased lipid coverage by 21-50% versus ammonium acetate additive.
CONCLUSIONS
Acetic acid at a concentration of 0.02% (v/v) is the suggested choice as a mobile-phase additive for lipidomics and targeted lipid profiling with negative LC/ESI-MS based on signal enhancement and improved lipid coverage compared to ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate with acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide mobile phases.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Ammonium Hydroxide; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Lipids; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 29105990
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8024 -
Journal of Bacteriology Aug 1947
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Ethanol
PubMed: 16561348
DOI: 10.1128/jb.54.2.191-194.1947 -
The Biochemical Journal May 1953
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Acetylation; Collagen
PubMed: 13058855
DOI: 10.1042/bj0540181 -
The Journal of Allergy Jan 1956
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Cold Temperature; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Urticaria
PubMed: 13294973
DOI: 10.1016/0021-8707(56)90038-7