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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2016The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is... (Review)
Review
The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is the species most frequently involved in human infections, with 172 cases, mostly urinary tract infections (UTIs), reported so far. Invasive infections have also been described. This facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod is part of the urinary microbiota of healthy patients. It is responsible for UTIs, particularly in elderly men and young children. A. schaalii is an underestimated cause of UTIs because of its fastidious growth on usual media and difficulties associated with its identification using phenotypic methods. Indeed, this slow-growth bacterium requires blood-enriched media and an incubation time of 48 hours under anaerobic or 5% CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, only matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or molecular-based methods allow the accurate identification of this bacteria. MALDI-TOF using Microflex LT with the Biotyper database (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) is the most reliable technology for the routine identification of A. schaalii. The identification of this uropathogen is all the more important because it is resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and second-generation quinolones that are widely used in the treatment of UTIs. Antimicrobial therapy using β-lactams prolonged for up to 2 weeks is the most efficient treatment and should be recommended. Microbiologists should assess the presence of A. schaalii in urine using appropriate culture and identification methods in the case of a direct examination that is positive for small coccoid rods, a negative nitrite urinary stick associated with leukocyturia, treatment failure with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones, or undocumented, repeated UTIs.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 26577137
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038 -
Infection 1980In spite of considerable advances during the last years, classification and identification of Actinomycetaceae and Propionibacteriaceae still present major problems.... (Review)
Review
In spite of considerable advances during the last years, classification and identification of Actinomycetaceae and Propionibacteriaceae still present major problems. Uncertainties about the systematic position and taxonomic status of several genera and species, the lack of reliable distinguishing characteristics or use of inadequately adapted techniques of investigation interfere with both micribiological and clinical research and also with routine work in the diagnostic laboratory. Nevertheless, besides actinomycosis, an etiologically well defined suppurative infection, several other diseases and lesions such as lacrimal canaliculitis, caries and periodontal disease, inflammation following use of intrauterine pessaries, various types of abscess, septicaemia, and acne vulgaris have been attributed to the direct or indirect pathogenic effects of fermentative actinomycetes, propionibacteria, or eubacteria. Many questions concerning their individual pathogenicity and their pathomechanisms still remain to be answered, however.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycosis; Animals; Fermentation; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 6450169
DOI: 10.1007/BF01639868 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2019
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 31859756
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182019000300369 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Sep 2014The family Actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important...
The family Actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important animals. However, the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamic of this family are poorly characterized. Here, we provide detailed description of the genome characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes, a prevalent opportunistic bacterium that belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae, and the results of comparative genomics analyses suggested that T. pyogenes was a more versatile pathogen than Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in adapting various environments. We then performed phylogenetic analyses at the genomic level and showed that, on the whole, the established members of the family Actinomycetaceae were clearly separated with high bootstrap values but confused with the dominant genus Actinomyces, because the species of genus Actinomyces were divided into three main groups with different G+C content. Although T. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum were found to share the same branch as previously determined, our results of single nucleotide polymorphism tree and genome clustering as well as predicted intercellular metabolic analyses provide evidence that they are phylogenetic neighbors. Finally, we found that the gene gain/loss events occurring in each species may play an important role during the evolution of Actinomycetaceae from free-living to a specific lifestyle.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Biological Evolution; Phylogeny
PubMed: 25245410
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu211 -
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology... 2024
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38403274
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.009 -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Jul 2014
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Bacteremia; Bacteriuria; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Prostatitis; Pyelonephritis; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sepsis; Symbiosis; Urine
PubMed: 25022889
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.05.003 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Feb 2018A novel bacterium was isolated from the subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontal disease. Bacterial strain BA112 is a facultative Gram-positive coccus. It...
A novel bacterium was isolated from the subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontal disease. Bacterial strain BA112 is a facultative Gram-positive coccus. It metabolizes alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, proline, serine and tyrosine, but does not appear to use carbohydrates. Urease, esculin, indole, catalase and nitrate reduction tests were all negative. Major cellular fatty acids were C , C , C , C w9c and C . The genome was sequenced and is 2.4 Mbp in length and has 64% GC content. Based on phylogenetics of the 16S rRNA sequence and concatenated alignments of 37 conserved proteins, BA112 belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae but is located on a branch of the tree without currently named members. Based on our phenotypic and phylogenetic studies, we propose that BA112 is the first known representative of a new genus, for which the name Peptidiphaga gingivicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BA112 .
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Plaque; Fatty Acids; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29105370
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12205 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2016The Vitek MS in vitro diagnostic (IVD) and MALDI Biotyper IVD systems were evaluated for the identification of 158 strains of Actinomycetaceae. Correct species-level...
The Vitek MS in vitro diagnostic (IVD) and MALDI Biotyper IVD systems were evaluated for the identification of 158 strains of Actinomycetaceae. Correct species-level identification rates of 60.7% and 58.2% were obtained with the Vitek MS system after direct deposit and with the MALDI Biotyper system after on-plate formic acid treatment, respectively.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Humans; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 26719447
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02758-15 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1978Identification of new isolates belonging to the family Actinomycetaceae requires extensive numbers of biochemical tests, supplemented with gas-liquid chromatography...
Identification of new isolates belonging to the family Actinomycetaceae requires extensive numbers of biochemical tests, supplemented with gas-liquid chromatography determination of fermentation end products and, often, analysis of cell wall composition. This paper describes the results of the testing of 162 strains of Actinomycetaceae and related taxa for 20 different enzymatic activities including phosphatases, esterases, aminopeptidases, and glycosidases. The results of all tests were read after 4 h of incubation. The results obtained in the study provide significant new information on the biochemical properties of these groups of bacteria. An identification scheme based upon 13 selected tests, which allow the identification of these groups of bacteria within 4 h, is proposed.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Dental Plaque; Glycoside Hydrolases; Haplorhini; Humans
PubMed: 100505
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.8.2.127-133.1978 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Actinomycetaceae; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37094213
DOI: No ID Found