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TheScientificWorldJournal 2012Actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic...
Actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and identification of A. suis and then compare these results with traditional isolation methods. Bacterial isolation and PCR were performed on one hundred and ninety-two urine samples from sows and forty-five preputial swabs from boars. The results indicate that this PCR was specific for A. suis, presenting a detection limit between 1.0 × 10(1) CFU/mL and 1.0 × 10(2) CFU/mL. A. suis frequencies, as measured by PCR, were 8.9% (17/192) in sow urine samples and 82.2% (37/45) in preputial swabs. Assessed using conventional culturing techniques, none of the urine samples were positive for A. suis; however, A. suis was detected in 31.1% (14/45) of the swabs. This PCR technique was shown to be an efficient method for the detection of A. suis in urine and preputial swabs.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 23346017
DOI: 10.1100/2012/572732 -
ELife Mar 2017The connection between gene loss and the functional adaptation of retained proteins is still poorly understood. We apply phylogenomics and metabolic modeling to detect...
The connection between gene loss and the functional adaptation of retained proteins is still poorly understood. We apply phylogenomics and metabolic modeling to detect bacterial species that are evolving by gene loss, with the finding that Actinomycetaceae genomes from human cavities are undergoing sizable reductions, including loss of L-histidine and L-tryptophan biosynthesis. We observe that the dual-substrate phosphoribosyl isomerase A or gene, at which these pathways converge, appears to coevolve with the occurrence of and genes. Characterization of a dozen PriA homologs shows that these enzymes adapt from bifunctionality in the largest genomes, to a monofunctional, yet not necessarily specialized, inefficient form in genomes undergoing reduction. These functional changes are accomplished via mutations, which result from relaxation of purifying selection, in residues structurally mapped after sequence and X-ray structural analyses. Our results show how gene loss can drive the evolution of substrate specificity from retained enzymes.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adaptation, Biological; Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Deletion; Mutation; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 28362260
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22679 -
Veterinary Research Jan 2022Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases in many domestic animals. Therapeutic treatment options for T....
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases in many domestic animals. Therapeutic treatment options for T. pyogenes infections are becoming limited due to antimicrobial resistance, in which efflux pumps play an important role. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, on the MsrA efflux pump and investigate its mechanism. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that the susceptibility of msrA-positive T. pyogenes isolates to six macrolides increased after luteolin treatment, while the susceptibility of msrA-negative isolates showed no change after luteolin treatment. It is suspected that luteolin may increase the susceptibility of T. pyogenes isolates by inhibiting MsrA activity. After 1/2 MIC luteolin treatment for 36 h, the transcription level of the msrA gene and the expression level of the MsrA protein decreased by 55.0-97.7% and 36.5-71.5%, respectively. The results of an affinity test showed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of luteolin and MsrA was 6.462 × 10 M, and hydrogen bonding was predominant in the interaction of luteolin and MsrA. Luteolin may inhibit the ATPase activity of the MsrA protein, resulting in its lack of an energy source. The current study illustrates the effect of luteolin on MsrA in T. pyogenes isolates and provides insight into the development of luteolin as an innovative agent in combating infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Luteolin; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 35012652
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01021-w -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Mar 2017
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Drainage; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Mastitis; Prostatitis; Scrotum
PubMed: 27810121
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.09.006 -
Pathogens and Disease Jul 2016Acinetobacter baumannii is a major causative agent of healthcare-associated infection and develops multidrug resistance rapidly. However, little is known in the host...
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major causative agent of healthcare-associated infection and develops multidrug resistance rapidly. However, little is known in the host defense mechanisms against this infection. In this study, we examined if mice recovered from a previous intranasal A. baumannii infection (recovered mice) are fully protected against a subsequent reinfection. We found that, despite the presence of specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses prior to the reinfection, the recovered mice were only marginally better protected against intranasal challenge with low doses of homologous or heterologous A. baumannii strains than the naïve mice. Post-challenge immune and inflammatory (cells and cytokines) responses were generally comparable between recovered and naïve mice although the recovered mice produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17 and had higher percentages and numbers of resident lung CD44(hi)CD62L(-)CD4(+) and CD19(+) B lymphocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that mice recovered from a previous A. baumannii infection remain susceptible to reinfection, indicating the complexity of immune protection mechanism for this Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant emerging pathogen.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Bacterial Load; Disease Resistance; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Mice; Nose
PubMed: 27194730
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw048 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2016
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Integrases; Integrons; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 27261268
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw197 -
Theriogenology Apr 2017Pyometra is a common disease of cattle that causes infertility and thereby financial losses to the cattle industry. Bacteria involved in the development and progression...
Pyometra is a common disease of cattle that causes infertility and thereby financial losses to the cattle industry. Bacteria involved in the development and progression of pyometra have been investigated by microbial culture but their tissue invading abilities, which is an important aspect of bacterial pathogenicity and development of lesions, have not been investigated. Bacterial invasion of the uterus and oviducts was studied in 21 cows diagnosed with pyometra at the time of slaughter by applying fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas levii, Trueperella pyogenes and the overall bacterial domain Bacteria. Fusobacterium necrophorum and P. levii were found to invade the endometrium, especially if the endometrium was ulcerated, and penetrated deep into the lamina propria. These species co-localized within the tissue thus indicating a synergism. Trueperella pyogenes did not invade the uterine tissue. In addition to endometrial lesions, most cows with pyometra also had salpingitis but without significant bacterial invasion of the oviductal wall.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endometrium; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Fusobacterium necrophorum; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Porphyromonas; Pyometra; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Uterus
PubMed: 28257873
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.027 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 1978Rothia dentocariosa, an aerobic member of the Actinomycetaceae, was isolated from a pilonidal abscess. The clinical occurrence, bacteriological characteristics, and...
Rothia dentocariosa, an aerobic member of the Actinomycetaceae, was isolated from a pilonidal abscess. The clinical occurrence, bacteriological characteristics, and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are presented.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Pilonidal Sinus
PubMed: 730829
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.8.5.612-613.1978 -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 1979The A. reports on the composition of the bacterial flora being present all through the intestine of normal adults in the United Kingdom, listing the number and families... (Review)
Review
The A. reports on the composition of the bacterial flora being present all through the intestine of normal adults in the United Kingdom, listing the number and families of the aerobes and anaerobes occupying the various portions of the alimentary tract. Emphasis is then laid on a comparison between the normal "British" flora in the colon and rectum, where the ratio of anaerobes to aerobes is 100 to 1, and the flora found in normal adults in Africa, India and Japan, stressing the major differences in the numbers of clostridia and non-sporing anaerobes. The A. finally highlights the importance of the factors governing the intestinal bacterial ecology, as well as the serious consequences likely to arise from the alteration of such flora.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Bacteroidaceae; Diet; Enterobacteriaceae; Feces; Humans; Intestines; Mouth; Stomach; United Kingdom
PubMed: 399836
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Nov 2017We aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms of 27 T. pyogenes isolates from swine in the Jilin province of China. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that most of...
We aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms of 27 T. pyogenes isolates from swine in the Jilin province of China. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that most of the isolated strains were resistant to aminoglycosides. We investigated the genes involved in target alteration, drug inactivation, and increased efflux as potential resistance mechanisms. Two known aminoglycoside resistance genes (aphA1 and strB) were not found in the genomic DNA of any isolate. A 3-bp (CCC) deletion in one 16S rRNA operon was detected in all isolates, and efflux pumps were not active in the resistant group. Ultimately, genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes carried by class 1 integrons were identified as the main cause of resistance to aminoglycosides in T. pyogenes.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Integrons; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine
PubMed: 28966231
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0597