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Emerging Infectious Diseases Jul 2010
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 20587200
DOI: 10.3201/eid1607.100349 -
Research in Microbiology 2001Knowledge about biosynthetic gene clusters from antibiotic-producing actinomycetes is continuously increasing and the presence of an ABC transporter system is a fairly... (Review)
Review
Knowledge about biosynthetic gene clusters from antibiotic-producing actinomycetes is continuously increasing and the presence of an ABC transporter system is a fairly general phenomenon in most of these clusters. These transporters are involved in the secretion of the antibiotic through the cell membrane and also contribute to self resistance to the produced antibiotic.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Actinomycetaceae; Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 11421281
DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01205-0 -
Veterinary Microbiology Mar 2020A total of 96 Trueperella pyogenes isolates, an opportunistic pathogen of food-producing ruminants, obtained from cattle (n = 34), sheep (n = 35) and goats...
A total of 96 Trueperella pyogenes isolates, an opportunistic pathogen of food-producing ruminants, obtained from cattle (n = 34), sheep (n = 35) and goats (n = 27), and identified by Real Time PCR (qPCR), were analysed to determine the susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials commonly used in livestock, using a broth microdilution. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) distribution was unimodal for half of the antimicrobials tested with the exception of apramycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, and erythromycin all of which showed bimodal MIC distributions. Low MIC values for penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin (<1 μg/ml) were obtained, suggesting that these antimicrobials would be the most effective first line empiric treatment for T. pyogenes infections in livestock. Furthermore, according to the specific T. pyogenes breakpoints for penicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and erythromycin, 93.7 % of isolates were susceptible to penicillin and 77.2 % to erythromycin, whereas 92.7 % were non-susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Significant differences were observed in the MIC distribution of almost all antimicrobials, except enrofloxacin, tylosin and erythromycin against cattle, sheep or goat isolates, although all antimicrobials showed similar MIC values, except apramycin and oxytetracycline that showed higher values when tested against cattle isolates. These data provide interesting information on the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of infections caused by T. pyogenes in ruminants.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Farms; Goats; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Ruminants; Sheep; Spain
PubMed: 32122597
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108593 -
BioMed Research International 2022The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora...
The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora and urinary tumors and identifying potential biomarkers for urinary tumors and new targets for prevention. We included four healthy adults (control group) and six patients diagnosed with urinary tract tumors (tumor group). In both groups, 10 and 50 ml clean middle urine samples were reserved. The 10 ml samples were analyzed (including pH, specific gravity, and leukocytes) using an automatic urine analyzer, and the 50 ml samples were analyzed by DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification, and high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between routine urine analysis and sequencing results was also analyzed. Testing using the DESeq2 method showed that, at the order level, there were significant differences in the abundance of Caulobacterales between the urinary flora of the two groups ( < 0.05); family level, , , and ( < 0.05); genus level, , , , , , , and ( < 0.05). LEfSe analysis found specific bacteria at the genus level in the urinary flora of the tumor group, namely, (genus Digestiflora) ( < 0.001) and Varibaculum ( < 0.001). Further correlation analysis showed that both species were positively correlated with the urine pH ( < 0.05). PICRUSt analysis showed significant differences in the two functional pathways of cell transformation and metabolism ( < 0.05). Combined with the results of bioinformatics analysis, some differential bacteria may be new biomarkers for urologic tumors, and there may be a correlation between urine pH and tumor occurrence. However, large-scale prospective studies and in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to further test and verify these findings.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Humans; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Tract; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35872872
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9368687 -
Medicine Feb 2024Actinomyces odontolyticus causes a rare, chronic granulomatous infection that is frequently associated with immunocompromised states. A odontolyticus can cause infection...
RATIONALE
Actinomyces odontolyticus causes a rare, chronic granulomatous infection that is frequently associated with immunocompromised states. A odontolyticus can cause infection in multiple organs, but empyema is rare.
PATIENT CONCERNS
We report a case of empyema caused by A odontolyticus. The patient was a 64-year-old man. He was admitted to the hospital with a 5-day history of fever and dyspnea. He had caries and sequelae of cerebral apoplexy.
DIAGNOSES
Metagenome next generation sequencing of pleural effusion was positive for A odontolyticus. Pathogen was identified by biphasic culture of pleural effusion fluid.
INTERVENTIONS
According to the drug sensitivity test, linezolid 0.6 g twice daily and clindamycin 0.6 g 3 times a day were administered intravenously. Thoracic drainage was initially performed, but the drainage was not sufficient. Medical thoracoscopy was performed to fully drain the pleural effusion.
OUTCOMES
After anti-infection and medical thoracoscopic therapy, the symptoms of this patient improved.
LESSONS
Microbial metagenome sequencing can find pathogens that are difficult to culture by traditional methods. Adequate drainage was the key to the treatment of empyema. Medical thoracoscopy was recommended to remove the pleural effusion and spoilage when thoracic drainage is difficult. The common clinical features of A odontolyticus include a mass or swelling, abdominal disease, dental disease, and subcutaneous abscesses. Microbial metagenome sequencing can find pathogens that are difficult to culture by traditional methods. Adequate drainage was the key to the treatment of empyema. Medical thoracoscopy was recommended to remove the pleural effusion and spoilage when thoracic drainage is difficult.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Empyema, Pleural; Pleural Effusion; Thoracoscopy; Drainage; Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae
PubMed: 38306531
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037003 -
Journal of Virology Sep 2022Bacteriophages (phages) are an integral part of the human oral microbiome. Their roles in modulating bacterial physiology and shaping microbial communities have been...
Bacteriophages (phages) are an integral part of the human oral microbiome. Their roles in modulating bacterial physiology and shaping microbial communities have been discussed but remain understudied due to limited isolation and characterization of oral phage. Here, we report the isolation of LC001, a lytic phage targeting human oral Schaalia odontolytica (formerly known as Actinomyces odontolyticus) strain XH001. We showed that LC001 attached to and infected surface-grown, but not planktonic, XH001 cells, and it displayed remarkable host specificity at the strain level. Whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous LC001-resistant, surface-grown XH001 mutants revealed that the majority of the mutants carry nonsense or frameshift mutations in XH001 gene (renamed ), which encodes a putative lytic transglycosylase (LT). The mutants are defective in LC001 binding, as revealed by direct visualization of the significantly reduced attachment of phage particles to the XH001 spontaneous mutants compared that to the wild type. Meanwhile, targeted deletion of produced a mutant that is defective in LC001 binding and resistant to LC001 infection even as surface-grown cells, while complementation of in the mutant background restored the LC001-sensitive phenotype. Intriguingly, similar expression levels of were observed in surface-grown and planktonic XH001, which displayed LC001-binding and nonbinding phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the overexpression of failed to confer an LC001-binding and -sensitive phenotype to planktonic XH001. Thus, our data suggested that rather than directly serving as a phage receptor, -encoded LT may increase the accessibility of phage receptor, possibly via its enzymatic activity, by cleaving the peptidoglycan structure for better receptor exposure during peptidoglycan remodeling, a function that can be exploited by LC001 to facilitate infection. The evidence for the presence of a diverse and abundant phage population in the host-associated oral microbiome came largely from metagenomic analysis or the observation of virus-like particles within saliva/plaque samples, while the isolation of oral phage and investigation of their interaction with bacterial hosts are limited. Here, we report the isolation of LC001, the first lytic phage targeting oral Schaalia odontolytica. Our study suggested that LC001 may exploit the host bacterium-encoded lytic transglycosylase function to gain access to the receptor, thus facilitating its infection.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Bacteriophage Receptors; Bacteriophages; Glycosyltransferases; Host Specificity; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; Mutation; Peptidoglycan; Plankton; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 36000841
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01063-22 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2021The growing application of metagenomics to different ecological and microbiome niches in recent years has enhanced our knowledge of global microbial biodiversity. Among...
The growing application of metagenomics to different ecological and microbiome niches in recent years has enhanced our knowledge of global microbial biodiversity. Among these abundant and widespread microbes, the candidate phyla radiation (CPR) group has been recognized as representing a large proportion of the microbial kingdom (>26%). CPR are characterized by their obligate symbiotic or exoparasitic activity with other microbial hosts, mainly bacteria. Currently, isolating CPR is still considered challenging for microbiologists. The idea of this study was to develop an adapted protocol for the coculture of CPR with a suitable bacterial host. Based on various sputum samples, we tried to enrich CPR ( members) and to cocultivate them with pure hosts (Schaalia odontolytica). This protocol was monitored by TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using a system specific for designed in this study, as well as by electron microscopy and sequencing. We succeeded in coculturing and sequencing the complete genomes of two new species, " Minimicrobia naudis" and " Minimicrobia vallesae." In addition, we noticed a decrease in the values of and a significant multiplication through their physical association with Schaalia odontolytica strains in the enriched medium that we developed. This work may help bridge gaps in the genomic database by providing new CPR members, and in the future, their currently unknown characteristics may be revealed. In this study, the first TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) system, targeting phylum, has been developed. This technique can specifically quantify members in any sample of interest in order to investigate their prevalence. In addition, another easy, specific, and sensitive protocol has been developed to maintain the viability of cells in an enriched medium with their bacterial host. The use of this protocol facilitates subsequent studies of the phenotypic characteristics of CPR and their physical interactions with bacterial species, as well as the sequencing of new genomes to improve the current database.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Bacteria; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Humans; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 35007432
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01069-21 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 1977
Comparative Study
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Ecology; Humans; Intestines; Species Specificity
PubMed: 920640
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/30.11.1799 -
Molecular and Cellular Probes Apr 2022The first description of Trueperella (T.) abortisuis was presented in Japan in 2009 by Azuma and colleagues. In the current study, eight T. abortisuis strains were...
The first description of Trueperella (T.) abortisuis was presented in Japan in 2009 by Azuma and colleagues. In the current study, eight T. abortisuis strains were identified by a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) encoding gene gap. Two T. abortisuis strains were obtained from prepuce of a seven-month-old boar and pooled foetal stomach contents in the United Kingdom, while the other six T. abortisuis strains were recovered from aborted foetal material of six pigs from a single farm in Germany. The developed LAMP assay showed an analytical sensitivity of 22 pg μLT. abortisuis DNA. T. abortisuis DSM 19515 and field strain T. abortisuis P504054/19/1 were directly detectable in artificially contaminated vaginal swabs up to concentrations of 980 CFU and 770 CFU per swab, respectively. There was no cross reactivity with control strains representing six species of genus Trueperella and six species of the closely related genus Arcanobacterium and Schaalia (Actinomyces) hyovaginalis. Further field research is required to determine the usefulness of the designed LAMP assay for identifying T. abortisuis isolated from pigs of various origins and from test samples directly obtained at farm level.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Arcanobacterium; Female; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Swine
PubMed: 35131429
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101795 -
Molecular Microbiology Nov 1993We report that the normally rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli can form branched cells. These were found in strains in which chromosome replication or nucleoid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We report that the normally rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli can form branched cells. These were found in strains in which chromosome replication or nucleoid segregation was disturbed, e.g. in minB mutants, intR1 strains, and in strains exhibiting stable DNA replication. Often chromosome DNA was found to be located in the branch point of the cells. The branching frequency was dependent upon the growth medium: in rich medium no branched cells were found, whereas in minimal medium containing acetate and casamino acids the frequency of branched cells was increased. The genetic background of the strains also affected the tendency to branch. Furthermore, electron microscopy of thin-sectioned branched cells revealed additional membrane-like structures, which were not observed in wild-type cells. Finally, the branched cells are compared with bacteria that normally branch, and probable causes for branching in E. coli are discussed.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Culture Media; DNA Replication; Escherichia coli; Intracellular Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Mutation; Species Specificity
PubMed: 7934847
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00955.x