-
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 1991
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Politics; Taxes; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2025720
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.302.6781.859 -
Advance For Nurse Practitioners Jul 2006
Review
Topics: Alcoholism; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Risk Factors; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Women's Health
PubMed: 16977891
DOI: No ID Found -
The Nurse Practitioner Jul 2013
Topics: Alcoholism; Counseling; Humans; Mass Screening; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk-Taking
PubMed: 23736954
DOI: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000431182.72182.42 -
Primary Care Mar 1993Alcohol problems have a serious impact on families. Physicians who identify alcohol-abusing persons in their practices will note that these people belong to families who... (Review)
Review
Alcohol problems have a serious impact on families. Physicians who identify alcohol-abusing persons in their practices will note that these people belong to families who seem "stuck" in a confusing family situation with no ready solution. Research and clinical observations have demonstrated that families adopt roles, rules, and interactional patterns around the alcohol abuse problems that can be destructive to individual development. These consequences of alcohol abuse are particularly troubling when we consider that family dysfunction, like the disease itself, is transmitted from generation to generation. Physicians can be most helpful to these families when they understand how to identify the presence of alcohol use problems, evaluate the impact on both the alcohol abuser and the family members, and facilitate the necessary treatment for these patients.
Topics: Alcoholism; Child of Impaired Parents; Family; Family Therapy; Humans; Pedigree; Social Environment
PubMed: 8464934
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Medicine 1990Recent findings on the relation between alcohol abuse and ischaemic brain infarction are reviewed. Much of the association has hitherto been explained by the effects of... (Review)
Review
Recent findings on the relation between alcohol abuse and ischaemic brain infarction are reviewed. Much of the association has hitherto been explained by the effects of confounding factors such as smoking. Alcohol increases blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects and alcohol induced hypertension enhances the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes. Analysis of case histories shows that alcohol abuse has precipitated cerebral embolism in conjunction with cardiac diseases including alcoholic cardiomyopathy and paradoxical embolism due to deep vein thrombosis via atrial septal defect. Among young adults, falling when intoxicated with alcohol has caused traumatic dissection of the carotid artery and consequent brain infarction. Alcohol may predispose individuals to cerebral embolism, thrombosis and ischaemia via its effects on the coagulation cascade, platelet count and function and contractility of the cerebral vessels. Further studies are needed to prove that these mechanisms are significant and to identify any other mechanisms which may mediate the risk associated with alcohol abuse. On the basis of current data, alcohol should be considered as an independent risk factor for ischaemic cerebral infarction in young adults.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Cerebral Infarction; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Ethanol; Humans
PubMed: 2291843
DOI: 10.3109/07853899009147918 -
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Retinal Diseases; Hyperlipidemias
PubMed: 35367191
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.02.019 -
Journal of Community Health 1988Native Americans have experienced substantial problems with alcohol since its introduction to their culture by early European settlers. Epidemiological data indicate... (Review)
Review
Native Americans have experienced substantial problems with alcohol since its introduction to their culture by early European settlers. Epidemiological data indicate that elevated morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol abuse among this population remain at epidemic levels. Adolescent drinking patterns and family and peer influences on alcohol use are examined. A multifactorial etiology is indicated in the origin of Native American alcohol abuse. Some scholars have ascribed this problem to historical factors such as the introduction of alcohol to Native Americans by aberrant role models, while other researchers subscribe to various physiological theories which support the "firewater myth" suggesting that Native Americans may be genetically predisposed to crave ever increasing doses of alcohol during a rapid loss of control of their senses. The physiological theories generally suggest significant differences in alcohol absorption and metabolism rates between Native Americans and caucasians. A wide variety of social factors appear to be implicated in Native American drinking problems. Cultural and social orientations, socioeconomic conditions, "stake theory," failure to develop social sanctions regulating drunken deportment, passive-aggressive syndromes, and emotional repression contribute to Native American alcohol abuse. Treatment regimes for Native American alcoholics are examined briefly. Nativistic movements, conversion to evangelistic regions, therapies grounded in the medical model, and Native American group-oriented efforts have demonstrated varying degrees of success. Clearly, prevention would be preferable to the frustration of attempting to change the highly addictive behavior patterns characteristic of alcoholism. Suggestions for health education interventions are presented including an example of one effort currently being implemented.
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Indians, North American; United States
PubMed: 3068262
DOI: 10.1007/BF01324240 -
Military Medicine Oct 2012Alcohol is tightly interwoven with the image and culture of aviation. When alcohol is combined with aviation, the result can be fatal to aircrew, passengers, and... (Review)
Review
Alcohol is tightly interwoven with the image and culture of aviation. When alcohol is combined with aviation, the result can be fatal to aircrew, passengers, and bystanders. Alcohol has been implicated in 8 to 12% of fatal general aviation accidents. With approximately 10% of the general population estimated to have alcohol abuse or dependence, alcohol issues are similarly common among aviators. Clear and concise guidelines exist to address alcohol disorders in both civilian and military aviation. However, few health care providers outside the aviation community are aware of these guidelines. When an aviator presents with an alcohol disorder, the well-intentioned provider may be reluctant to address the issue because of poor understanding of the occupational implications or a misplaced effort to preserve the aviator's career. However, proper therapy often permits the aviator to continue flying duties without adverse career impact. This review will discuss the implications, guidelines, and prognosis for the alcohol-dependent aviator and provide resources to enable the responsible health care provider to return the pilot to flight status as soon as practicable. Knowledge of these civilian and military guidelines will help close the treatment and communication gaps between aeromedical specialists and other medical professionals.
Topics: Adult; Aerospace Medicine; Alcoholism; Humans; Military Personnel; Prognosis; United States
PubMed: 23113446
DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-12-00026 -
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral... Jun 1982Adolescent alcohol abuse is an individual and social problem of epidemic proportions. Investigation of the many correlates of this behavior indicates that three are... (Review)
Review
Adolescent alcohol abuse is an individual and social problem of epidemic proportions. Investigation of the many correlates of this behavior indicates that three are primary: peer pressure, attempts at reaching adult status, and sexuality socialization. The societal support for alcohol use and tolerance of alcohol abuse combine with these three factors to exacerbate the problem. Analyzing each correlate leads to a proposed solution to the problem. It is suggested that the optimal approach is a group-process method that involves adolescents and adults and enables participants to analyze motivation and develop skills necessary for either abstinence or responsible drinking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Decision Making; Gender Identity; Health Education; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Peer Group; Psychology, Adolescent; Role; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 7050176
DOI: 10.1097/00004703-198206000-00007 -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... Feb 1982Demographic information suggests that the problems of alcohol abuse among the elderly will increase at least in proportion to the population growth of that sector. While... (Review)
Review
Demographic information suggests that the problems of alcohol abuse among the elderly will increase at least in proportion to the population growth of that sector. While fewer older people drink and average consumption declines, four factors that promote alcohol abuse are noted. These are: 1) retirement, with its attendant boredom, change of role status, and loss of income; 2) deaths occurring among relatives and friends and the awareness that more deaths are coming; 3) poor health and discomfort; and 4) loneliness, a particular problem among elderly women. Surveys in older age groups, in addition to being costly, are of questionable value. Anecdotal evidence and several early studies, however, suggest that a high proportion of elderly (10 to 15 per cent) who seek medical attention for any reason have an alcohol-related problem, and that elderly alcoholics, whether alcoholism is of early or recent onset, are relatively easy to treat. If these findings can be confirmed, then detection during health-seeking encounters could have great potential value. Research in detection and treatment is critical. A prevention strategy involving the cohort 55 to 64 years of age could have the dual effect of preventing subsequent alcohol problems among these people and offering a message that would be heard by those at older and less accessible ages.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Death; Female; Humans; Loneliness; Male; Middle Aged; United States
PubMed: 7035530
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1982.tb01287.x