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Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Sep 2013The interaction of amitrole and salmon sperm ds-DNA was studied using UV-vis and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at both bare and DNA-modified electrodes. Amitrole...
The interaction of amitrole and salmon sperm ds-DNA was studied using UV-vis and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at both bare and DNA-modified electrodes. Amitrole showed an oxidation peak at 0.445 V at a bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE). When ds-DNA was added into the amitrole solution, the peak current of amitrole decreased and the peak potential underwent a shift. UV-vis spectra showed that the absorption intensity of the ds-DNA at 260 nm decreased with increasing amitrole concentration, proving the interaction between amitrole and the ds-DNA. The results also showed that amitrole could interact with the ds-DNA molecules via the intercalative binding mode. Finally, a pretreated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and chitosan (CHIT) decorated with the ds-DNA were tested in order to determine amitrole content in solution. Electrochemical oxidation of amitrole bonded on DNA/MWCNTs-CHIT/PGE was used to obtain an analytical signal. A linear dependence was observed to exist between the peak current and 0.025-2.4 ng mL(-1) amitrole with a detection limit of 0.017 ng mL(-1). The sensor showed a good selectivity and precision for the determination of amitrole. Finally, applicability of the biosensor was evaluated by measuring the analyte in soil and water samples with good selectivity.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Chitosan; DNA; Electrodes; Graphite; Herbicides; Male; Nanotubes, Carbon; Salmon; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 23603042
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.031 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Aug 2015Lactoperoxidase (LPO) inhibitors are very selective for solid tumor due to their high binding affinity to the LPO enzyme. A computational study was used to select...
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) inhibitors are very selective for solid tumor due to their high binding affinity to the LPO enzyme. A computational study was used to select top-ranked LPO inhibitor (alone and in complex with (99m)Tc) with high in silico affinity. The novel prepared (99m)Tc-amitrole complex demonstrated both in silico and in vivo high affinity toward solid tumors.(99m)Tc-amitrole was radio-synthesized with a high radiochemical yield (89.7±3.25). It showed in vitro stability for up to 6h. Its preclinical evaluation in solid tumor-bearing mice showed high retention and biological accumulation in solid tumor cells with a high Target/Non-Target (T/NT) ratio equal to 4.9 at 60min post-injection. The data described previously could recommend (99m)Tc-amitrole as potential targeting scintigraphic probe for solid tumor imaging.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Computer-Aided Design; Drug Design; Drug Stability; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactoperoxidase; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Structure-Activity Relationship; Technetium; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 25956074
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.002 -
Mutation Research Aug 1984Amitrole, a widely used herbicide, is an animal carcinogen and an inducer of cell transformation. However, it is inactive as a mutagen in bacterial test systems. Thus,...
Amitrole, a widely used herbicide, is an animal carcinogen and an inducer of cell transformation. However, it is inactive as a mutagen in bacterial test systems. Thus, it has been suggested that amitrole is a non-mutagenic carcinogen. Over the dose range that induces morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture, amitrole induced gene mutations at the Na+/K+ ATPase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase loci measured concomitantly in the same cells. These results indicate that amitrole may act via a mutational mechanism.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Mesocricetus; Mutation; Triazoles
PubMed: 6472331
DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(84)90078-2 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Jul 2016To explore the possible mechanism of amitrole causing thyroid tumor in Nthy-ori-3-1 cell by differential expression microarray analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the possible mechanism of amitrole causing thyroid tumor in Nthy-ori-3-1 cell by differential expression microarray analysis.
METHODS
After the Nthy-ori-3-1cells were treated with 1 ~ 100 g / m L amitrole for 24 h, and the effect of amitrole on the proliferation of the cells was detected by MTT assay. Then cells were treated with 100 g / m L amitrole for 24 h, and the differential expression microarray was tested. The microarray results was analyzed by GO analysis and pathway analysis. The microarray results were verified by real-time quantitative PCR.
RESULTS
MTT results showed that amitole had no significant effect on the proliferation of Nthy-ori-3-1 cells. Microarray results showed that 90( 55 up-regulated, 35 down regulated) genes were significantly changed. GO analysis showed that 43( 37 up-regulated, 6 down-regulated) of the 90 changed genes were related to biological processes, and 42( 37 up-regulated, 5down-regulated) were related to molecular function, and 44( 38 up-regulated, 6 downregulated) were related to cell components. Pathway results showed that 44 signalingpathways were influenced by the differentially expressed genes, and 10 of them were closely related to tumor. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with microarray results. wnt5 b, arnt2 and bmp2 genes were significantly related with multiple tumor-associated pathways.
CONCLUSION
Amitrole may cause thyroid tumor by multiple signaling pathways, and bmp2, arnt2 and wnt5 b may beits major target genes.
Topics: Amitrole; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Pesticides; Signal Transduction; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 29903322
DOI: No ID Found -
Carcinogenesis May 19873-Amino-1,2,4-triazole, a thyroid carcinogen and goitrogen, is negative in a wide variety of short-term mutagenicity assays. However, amitrole induces gene mutations and...
3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole, a thyroid carcinogen and goitrogen, is negative in a wide variety of short-term mutagenicity assays. However, amitrole induces gene mutations and morphological transformation in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts, cells known to carry out the prostaglandin H synthase (PHS)-mediated peroxidative metabolism of other carcinogens. Therefore, we have investigated the peroxidase-mediated binding of [14C]amitrole to macromolecules in vitro. We report here the PHS- and lactoperoxidase-catalyzed binding of [14C]amitrole to protein and tRNA, as well as protein binding by rat and hog thyroid peroxidase. PHS was an order of magnitude more active than lactoperoxidase and two orders of magnitude more active than thyroid peroxidase. The low levels of binding observed with thyroid peroxidase could be explained by the rapid and potent inhibition of this enzyme by amitrole. Although the thyroid peroxidase-mediated binding of amitrole was quite low, it was not inhibitable by compounds that would be expected to be competing substrates in vivo (i.e. I-, monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine). Neither catalase nor horseradish peroxidase catalyzed binding of [14C]amitrole. It was also observed that an interaction between amitrole and protein and/or nucleic acid resulted in the slow generation of hydrogen peroxide, which then served as a substrate to drive peroxidase-mediated binding of [14C]amitrole. These data suggest that PHS may be responsible for conversion of amitrole to a mutagenic intermediate in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Furthermore, the generation of reactive metabolites of amitrole by thyroid peroxidase and/or PHS may contribute to the complete carcinogenicity of this compound by adding a mutagenic response to its potent hormonal effects.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Catalase; Horseradish Peroxidase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iodide Peroxidase; Lactoperoxidase; Peroxidases; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein Binding; RNA, Transfer; Rats; Swine; Triazoles
PubMed: 3107850
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/8.5.659 -
Toxicology Letters Dec 1985Strain differences in the induction of hepatocellular preneoplastic lesions by amitrole were examined in NOD, ICR and DS mice. Amitrole was administered to mice in...
Strain differences in the induction of hepatocellular preneoplastic lesions by amitrole were examined in NOD, ICR and DS mice. Amitrole was administered to mice in drinking water at a dose of 1% for 6 months. After 3 months, hyperplastic nodules (HN) and severe fibrosis were prominent in NOD mice but not in other strains. On examination at 6 months, both number and size of HN were greatest in the NOD strain. Furthermore, a hepatocellular carcinoma was found in a NOD mouse, suggesting that this strain is more susceptible to amitrole-induced hepatocarcinogenesis than are ICR or DS mice.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Female; Hyperplasia; Immunity, Cellular; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Precancerous Conditions; Species Specificity; Triazoles
PubMed: 4089883
DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(85)90035-9 -
Chemosphere Mar 2022In an attempt to alleviate the harmful impact of the flammability of epoxy resin on the environment, amitrole, a herbicide, has been converted to a novel flame retardant...
In an attempt to alleviate the harmful impact of the flammability of epoxy resin on the environment, amitrole, a herbicide, has been converted to a novel flame retardant (PBA) with lamellar morphology through organophosphorus modification. This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP). EP containing 7.5 wt% PBA undergoes quick self-extinguishment upon ignition. This blend displays a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34%. More importantly, hazardous products (heat, smoke, toxic gases including CO/CO) released during combustion of EP, are strongly suppressed in the presence of PBA. The mechanical properties of EP-PBA blends are comparable to those of virgin EP. The tensile strength of EP containing PBA is 90% of that of unmodified EP. The flexural strength of PBA blends is somewhat greater than that for EP containing no additive. A tactful strategy for the transformation of amitrole, a potential environmental contaminant to a benign flame retardant for polymers has been developed.
Topics: Amitrole; Epoxy Resins; Flame Retardants; Herbicides; Phosphorus; Smoke
PubMed: 34715101
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132704 -
American Family Physician Feb 2016
Review
Topics: Amitriptyline; Humans; Low Back Pain; Muscle Relaxants, Central
PubMed: 26926618
DOI: No ID Found -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Jul 2011The mechanisms of the effects of amitrole on the thyroglobulin (TG) was investigated in Fischer rat thyroid follicle-5 cell (FRTL-5 cells) and in the medium.
OBJECTIVE
The mechanisms of the effects of amitrole on the thyroglobulin (TG) was investigated in Fischer rat thyroid follicle-5 cell (FRTL-5 cells) and in the medium.
METHODS
FRTL-5 cells were treated with 1, 10 and 100 microg/ml amitrole, and cytotoxicity was tested by 3H-TdR. The effects of amitrole on TG and thyroid transcription factor 1(TTF-1) in FRTL-5 cells were analyzed by RIA and ICC. And the TSHR in FRTL-5 cells was examined by Immunofluorescence analysis.
RESULTS
1,10 and 100 microg/ml amitrole had no significant cytotoxicity to the FRTL-5 cells (P > 0.05). The concentration of TG in the culture was decreased by 10 and 100 microg/ml amitrole (P < 0.05), and the concentration of TG in the cells was decreased by 100 microg/ml (P < 0.05) but the TTF-1 in the cells were not obviously changed (P > 0.05). The TSHR in the surface of FRTL-5 cells was significantly decreased by all doses of amitrole (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The influence of amitrole on TG of FRTL-5 cells may be related to significantly reduce TSHR in the surface of FRTL-5 cells.
Topics: Amitrole; Animals; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Herbicides; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 21861341
DOI: No ID Found -
The Analyst Aug 2015Amitrole is a biologically toxic nonselective herbicide which contaminates surface and ground waters at unprecedented rates. All reported modified electrodes that detect...
Amitrole is a biologically toxic nonselective herbicide which contaminates surface and ground waters at unprecedented rates. All reported modified electrodes that detect amitrole within sub-micromolar to nanomolar levels were based on the electro-oxidation of amitrole. Herein, we developed a new conceptual idea to detect picomolar concentrations of amitrole based on calcium cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticle (CCLP-GNP) film modified electrode which was prepared by electrodeposition. When the electrochemical behavior of amitrole was investigated at the CCLP-GNP film, the reduction peak current of the GNPs linearly decreased as the concentration of amitrole increases. We have designed a determination platform based on the amitrole dependent decrease of the GNP cathodic peak. The described concept and high sensitivity of square wave voltammetry together facilitate the great sensing ability; as a result the described approach is able to reach a low detection limit of 36 pM which surpassed the detection limits of existing protocols. The sensor presents a good ability to determine amitrole in two linear concentration ranges: (1) 100 pM-1500 pM with a detection limit of 36 pM; (2) 100 nM-1500 nM with a detection limit of 20 nM. The preparation of CCLP-GNPs is simple, rapid and does not require any reducing agents.
Topics: Amitrole; Calcium; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Electrochemical Techniques; Gold; Limit of Detection; Nanoparticles; Pectins
PubMed: 26171468
DOI: 10.1039/c5an00930h