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Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Dec 2022Disclosing idiosyncratic preferences can help to broker new social interactions. For instance, strangers exchange music preferences to signal their identities, values,...
Disclosing idiosyncratic preferences can help to broker new social interactions. For instance, strangers exchange music preferences to signal their identities, values, and preferences. Recognizing that people's physical appearances guide their decisions about social engagement, we examined whether cues to people's music preferences in their physical appearance and expressive poses help to guide social interaction. We found that perceivers could detect targets' music preferences from photos of their bodies, heads, faces, eyes, and mouths (but not hair) and that the targets' apparent traits (e.g., submissiveness, neatness) undergirded these judgments. Perceivers also desired to meet individuals who appeared to match their music preferences versus those who did not. Music preferences therefore seem to manifest in appearance, regulating interest in others and suggesting that one's identity redundantly emerges across different types of cues. People may thus infer others' music preferences to identify candidates for social bonding.
Topics: Humans; Social Perception; Music; Judgment; Cues
PubMed: 34581211
DOI: 10.1177/01461672211048291 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Aug 2007Because of the range of patient ages with endometriosis, the persistence of endometriomas, and the degradation of internal blood products over time, the appearance of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Because of the range of patient ages with endometriosis, the persistence of endometriomas, and the degradation of internal blood products over time, the appearance of endometriomas is variable. The purpose of this study was to identify the prospective diagnoses in cases of surgically proven endometriomas and to illustrate the variety of appearances of endometriomas.
METHODS
Sonographic images from 325 women with histologic confirmation of an adnexal mass during a 16-month period were reviewed. Eighty-seven endometriomas in 71 women were found. Prospective diagnoses were scored as follows: 1, the diagnosis was endometrioma only; 2, the differential diagnosis listed endometrioma first; 3, the differential diagnosis listed endometrioma but not first; 4, the diagnosis did not include endometrioma but included a complex or hemorrhagic cyst; and 5, the diagnosis did not include endometrioma. Lesions with the classic appearance of an endometrioma (hypoechoic mass with diffuse low-level internal echoes) or an atypical appearance were chosen for illustration.
RESULTS
Thirty-five (60.3%) of 58 endometriomas measuring at least 2 cm in greatest dimension included endometrioma in the differential diagnosis at sonography. In 6 (10.3%) of 58, the lesions were described as complex or hemorrhagic cysts. Atypical endometriomas included cases with retracted clots that appeared solid but without blood flow, endometriomas in pregnant patients, and endometriomas in postmenopausal women with heterogeneous internal echoes and central calcification. A ruptured endometrioma was interpreted as pelvic inflammatory disease. Five endometriomas were suspected to be malignancies because of a solid appearance, blood flow, surrounding adhesions, and, in 1 pregnant patient, extensive decidualization.
CONCLUSIONS
Recognition of the varied appearance of endometriomas should aid the interpreting physician in giving an appropriate prospective diagnosis of endometriomas.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 17646361
DOI: 10.7863/jum.2007.26.8.993 -
ACS Nano Apr 2023The nanostructures of natural species offer beautiful visual appearances with saturated and iridescent colors, and the question arises whether we can reproduce or even...
The nanostructures of natural species offer beautiful visual appearances with saturated and iridescent colors, and the question arises whether we can reproduce or even create unique appearances with man-made metasurfaces. However, harnessing the specular and diffuse light scattered by disordered metasurfaces to create attractive and prescribed visual effects is currently inaccessible. Here, we present an interpretive, intuitive, and accurate modal-based tool that unveils the main physical mechanisms and features defining the appearance of colloidal disordered monolayers of resonant meta-atoms deposited on a reflective substrate. The model shows that the combination of plasmonic and Fabry-Perot resonances offers uncommon iridescent visual appearances, differing from those classically observed with natural nanostructures or thin-film interferences. We highlight an unusual visual effect exhibiting only two distinct colors and theoretically investigate its origin. The approach can be useful in the design of visual appearance with easy-to-make and universal building blocks having a large resilience to fabrication imperfections and potential for innovative coatings and fine-art applications.
PubMed: 36976862
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10962 -
World Neurosurgery Jul 2019Subependymomas are rare in the spinal cord. They are typically expansile, intramedullary spinal cord masses, eccentrically located with minimal gadolinium enhancement.
BACKGROUND
Subependymomas are rare in the spinal cord. They are typically expansile, intramedullary spinal cord masses, eccentrically located with minimal gadolinium enhancement.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We present a case of subependymoma originating from the cervical cord with an unusual exophytic appearance. Hallmarks of subependymoma and treatment are reviewed.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first case, to our knowledge, where imaging revealed a mass appearing to be completely extramedullary with a primary exophytic component. Therefore, subependymomas should remain on the differential for masses in the spinal cord that appear extramedullary and exophytic.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Cord; Female; Glioma, Subependymal; Humans; Spinal Cord Neoplasms
PubMed: 30954744
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.270 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2021Dermal hyperneury (DN) is a rarely reported form of small nerve hypertrophy characterized by an exaggerated size and prominence of dermal nerve fibers. Clinically, it...
Dermal hyperneury (DN) is a rarely reported form of small nerve hypertrophy characterized by an exaggerated size and prominence of dermal nerve fibers. Clinically, it can present with or without visible lesions, within a syndrome or sporadically, and in solitary or multiple fashion. The syndromes most commonly associated with DN include multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B and 2A, neurofibromatosis type II, and Cowden syndrome. Patients with syndrome-associated DN have an increased risk for various malignancies. Sporadic DN has been reported either in association with cutaneous tumors/reactive lesions, such as nodular prurigo, or in idiopathic form, where it can present with multiple DN lesions. There is a morphologic overlap between mucocutaneous neuromas and DN, as the former can have the appearance of either bulkier circumscribed lesions or tortuous and hyperplastic nerves more akin to DN. Epithelial sheath neuroma also shares a similar appearance to DN, from which it can be distinguished by a squamoid-appearing and thickened perineurium.
Topics: Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple; Humans; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia; Neuroma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34272024
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.10.008 -
Skeletal Radiology Jan 2002To describe the MRI features of nodular fasciitis and to review the clinical, MRI and histologic aspects of the tumor. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To describe the MRI features of nodular fasciitis and to review the clinical, MRI and histologic aspects of the tumor.
DESIGN AND PATIENTS
Three patients with biopsy-proven nodular fasciitis were selected for a retrospective study. A literature review was also carried out.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
All the lesions appeared slightly hyperintense to skeletal muscle on T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on T2-weighted images with fat saturation [either frequency saturation or Short TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequences]. Two enhanced homogeneously after intravenous gadolinium, whereas the third showed heterogeneous enhancement with a nonenhancing area. Despite the difference in enhancing patterns, the histologic appearances of these lesions were similar. Our study shows that the MRI appearance of nodular fasciitis may not be related to the location of lesion. It is thought that the age of nodular fasciitis may reflect its gross morphology, and it is possible that the MRI and histologic appearances could correlate with the age of the lesion, but it would require a larger series to evaluate this concept.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Fasciitis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 11807586
DOI: 10.1007/s002560100411 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2018Seborrheic keratosis (SK), whose appearance is generally a small roundish reddish to brownish scaling lesion ranging in size from a few mm to many mm, may have a single... (Review)
Review
Seborrheic keratosis (SK), whose appearance is generally a small roundish reddish to brownish scaling lesion ranging in size from a few mm to many mm, may have a single presentation or be one of many such lesions. Because it is a commonly encountered lesion on the face, trunk, or extemities and is readily recognized clinically, it is infrequently biopsied. When the lesion has an unusual pattern or has become irritated, it may rarely mimic a malignancy,Most patients ignore such common age spots; however, others may have concern about their appearence, in which case the SKs have been surgicaly excised. In recent retrospective studies and case reports, SKs have rarely been found to have malignant characteristics. Although these studies are inconclusive, lesions that are inflamed, bleeding, ulcerated, or sufficiently irritated may require being biopsied to rule out melanoma or other malignancies.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Humans; Keratosis, Seborrheic; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 29566932
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.011 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Feb 1999This study presents the MR appearances of five women with a total of six proven dermoid cysts of the ovary with malignant transformation. To our knowledge, the MR... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study presents the MR appearances of five women with a total of six proven dermoid cysts of the ovary with malignant transformation. To our knowledge, the MR findings of this entity have not been reported.
CONCLUSION
The lesions appeared to be fat-containing tumors with a solid component (4/6) that extended transmurally (4/6) and extensively invaded neighboring pelvic organs (3/6). The supervening malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma in four tumors, melanoma in one, and transitional cell carcinoma in one. The mode of spread differed from that of common ovarian tumors in that it included transmural extension and local invasion, reflecting squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dermoid Cyst; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Teratoma
PubMed: 9930800
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930800 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jun 2015Acknowledging that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease with variable involvement throughout the oesophagus, studies have suggested a minimum of five biopsies to...
BACKGROUND
Acknowledging that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease with variable involvement throughout the oesophagus, studies have suggested a minimum of five biopsies to diagnose EoE. Although it is accepted that furrows and exudates appear to represent areas of inflammation, no research to date has looked specifically at EoE endoscopic findings to see if eosinophilic infiltrate correlates with specific endoscopic findings.
AIM
To evaluate the distribution of eosinophils in EoE and determine whether endoscopic appearances predict the degree of eosinophilia at various locations of the oesophagus.
METHODS
We performed a prospective cross sectional study of EoE (treated and untreated) patients to study the distribution of eosinophils according to endoscopic findings. The oesophagus of 10 EoE patients were biopsied up to 32 times in a circumferential manner. The mucosal changes were documented at the site of each biopsy. Histological determination of eosinophil counts and related histopathology of the oesophagus were then correlated with endoscopic findings. Similar biopsy assessments were made in treated (resolved) EoE patients (n = 6) to determine the permanence of specific endoscopic appearances.
RESULTS
A total of 16 patients were biopsied (10 EoE, 6 treated EoE). A total of 432 biopsies were obtained in all with 294 biopsies from 10 EoE subjects. Eosinophil density was increased distally in the majority of EoE patients. Biopsies performed in areas of exudates and furrows demonstrated higher eosinophil counts. Lines and normal-appearing oesophagi in EoE subjects were not commonly associated with elevated eosinophil counts (>15 eos/HPF). Rings alone without associated furrows or plaques did not demonstrate elevated eosinophil counts and were seen in resolved EoE (Rx-EoE) as well as in active EoE patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Eosinophilic esophagitis remains a variable disease with some patients manifesting extensive disease throughout the oesophagus. Characteristics of furrows and exudates found during endoscopy are associated with higher peak eosinophil counts, requiring fewer biopsies to make a diagnosis. Lines and otherwise normal appearances of the oesophagus suggest a milder mucosal eosinophilia, requiring substantial biopsies to adequately identify fields with diagnostic eosinophil counts.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Eosinophilia; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Male; Meridians; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 25898774
DOI: 10.1111/apt.13201