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Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Feb 1992We studied 19 patients with sclerochoroidal calcification. The findings were bilateral in 16 patients and unilateral in the remaining three patients. The lesions, which...
We studied 19 patients with sclerochoroidal calcification. The findings were bilateral in 16 patients and unilateral in the remaining three patients. The lesions, which were usually multifocal, had two characteristic appearances, plaque-like and tumorlike. Eleven patients had relatively flat, irregularly shaped, plaque-like, yellow-white lesions located between the arcades and the equator. Eight patients had more elevated tumorlike lesions, ranging up to 6 mm in height. All showed patterns on echography consistent with calcification. The calcification was often documented in both the choroid and sclera; sometimes it appeared only in the choroid, but never only in the sclera. Calcium metabolism appeared to be normal in all but two of the nine patients in whom it was investigated. Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification has a characteristic echographic and ophthalmoscopic appearance and may be more common than has been realized.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcinosis; Calcium; Choroid Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Male; Scleral Diseases; Ultrasonography; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 1736866
DOI: No ID Found -
Abdominal Imaging 2008Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is an infection of larval stage animal tapeworm, Echinococcus. The larvae reside in the liver and lungs, producing... (Review)
Review
Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is an infection of larval stage animal tapeworm, Echinococcus. The larvae reside in the liver and lungs, producing multiloculated fluid-filled cysts. Imaging findings of Echinococcosis caused by E. granulosus are single, unilocular cyst or multiseptated cysts, showing "wheel-like", "rosette-like" or "honeycomb-like" appearances. There may be "snow-flakes" sign, reflecting free floating protoscoleces (hydatid-sand) within the cyst cavity. Degenerating cysts show wavy or serpentine bands or floating membranes representing detached or ruptured membranes. Degenerated cysts show heterogeneous, solid-looking pseudotumor that may show "ball of wool sign". Dead cysts show calcified cyst wall. Echinococcosis caused by E. multilocularis produces multilocular alveolar cysts with exogeneous proliferation, progressively invading the liver parenchyma and other tissues of the body. Imaging findings are ill-defined infiltrating lesions of the liver parenchyma, consisting of multiple small clustered cystic and solid components. On sonography, lesions are heterogeneous with indistinct margins, showing "hailstorm appearance" or "vesicular or alveolar appearance". CT and MR imaging displays multiple, irregular, ill-defined lesions. Multiple small round cysts with solid components are frequent. Large lesions show "geographical map" appearance. Calcifications are very frequent, appearing as peripheral calcification or punctuate scattered calcific foci. Invasion into the bile ducts, portal vein or hepatic vein may occur. Direct spread of infected tissue may result in cysts in the peritoneal cavity, kidneys, adrenal gland or bones.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Disease Progression; Echinococcosis, Hepatic; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 17912581
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-007-9331-0 -
Blood Sep 1995Thirty embryonic and fetal samples were investigated to study the appearance and characteristics of factor XIII subunit A (FXIIIA)-containing cells in the course of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Thirty embryonic and fetal samples were investigated to study the appearance and characteristics of factor XIII subunit A (FXIIIA)-containing cells in the course of human development. Samples were either vacuum-embedded in paraffin for staining FXIIIA by a sensitive biotin-streptavidin system or snap-frozen for double-labeling studies to characterize FXIIIA-containing cells. FXIIIA appeared as early as the fifth gestational week in yolk sac samples in stellate-shaped cells. Nonparenchymal cells in liver samples showed intense labeling for FXIIIA from the sixth week of gestation. The relative amount of FXIIIA-containing cells rapidly diminished up to the 13th gestational week. When characterized, the majority of these cells proved to be KiM7-positive macrophages, while GPIb (CD42b)-labeled cells accounted for less than 10% of FXIIIA-positive cells. Liver cells did not show any staining for FXIIIA in first trimester samples. The earliest liver specimen showing FXIIIA was at the 20th week, when FXIIIA appeared in some liver cells, particularly in those surrounding the central veins. In bone marrow smears, FXIIIA-positive cells started to appear at week 10 in the clavicles and increased in number in subsequent stages of development. Intracellular FXIIIA was distributed between GPIb-, RFD7-, and KiM7-positive cells. The results indicate that, apart from liver cells, at least three different cell populations (KiM7+ RFD7+ GPIb-, KiM7- RFD7- GPIb-, and KiM7- RFD7- GPIb+) contain FXIIIA in the early phase of human development. We conclude that FXIIIA appears very early during human development and is detectable in both extra- and intraembryonic hematopoietic organs. Intracellular FXIIIA in early human development is distributed between different macrophages and megakaryocytes, and by week 20, it appears in liver cells as well.
Topics: Antigens, Differentiation; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Factor XIII; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Liver; Macrophages; Megakaryocytes; Organ Specificity; Yolk Sac
PubMed: 7662968
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental Clinics of North America Apr 2017Oral mucosal infections appear as localized or generalized lesions. Symptoms range from almost unnoticeable lesions to severe pain. Systemic disease, age,... (Review)
Review
Oral mucosal infections appear as localized or generalized lesions. Symptoms range from almost unnoticeable lesions to severe pain. Systemic disease, age, immunocompromised condition, and medication use are common causes. Local causes include dentures, poor oral hygiene, traumatized epithelium, ulcerations, dentures, implants, oral piercing, and reduced salivary secretion. Oral mucosal infections are underdiagnosed and microbiological diagnosis should be more frequently used. Candidiasis is most frequently diagnosed. Clinical appearances are not always clear and are varied, creating a diagnostic challenge. Thorough understanding of clinical appearance and updated information on diagnostic and therapeutic management are essential for successful patient outcome.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 28317567
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.12.002 -
Clinical Radiology Mar 2011To evaluate the 3 T MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) appearances of biliary ascariasis. (Review)
Review
AIM
To evaluate the 3 T MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) appearances of biliary ascariasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine patients with a MRCP diagnosis of biliary ascariasis were reviewed. All patients had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or surgical confirmation of the disease.
RESULTS
On thin-slab MRCP imaging, Ascaris worms are clearly demarcated within the biliary tree. All the identified worms demonstrated a characteristic three-parallel-lines appearance. The middle high-signal intensity line is sandwiched between two low-signal intensity lines and they are in turn surrounded by high signal bile. On thick-slab MRCP the worms also show the three-line sign but with less clarity. However, thick-slab MRCP has the advantage of providing three-dimensional ERCP-like images of the pancreaticobiliary system.
CONCLUSION
The "three-line" sign appears to be a characteristic sign of biliary ascariasis on 3 T MRCP.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult
PubMed: 21295208
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.11.004 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Aug 2016To update the imaging literature regarding spleen appearances in young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
OBJECTIVES
To update the imaging literature regarding spleen appearances in young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study and included 112 patients age 0 to 21 years with SCD who had at least 1 abdominal sonogram at our institution between 1999 and 2011. Radiologic findings were compared between risk groups by χ(2) analysis. Findings were correlated with other imaging modalities when available.
RESULTS
In our cohort, 35.7% of patients had autosplenectomy, and 8.0% had undergone surgical splenectomy. Only 5.0% of individuals age 0 to 5 years had autosplenectomy. In those who had not undergone surgical splenectomy or autosplenectomy, 76.2% had echogenic spleens, heterogeneous-appearing spleens, or both, and patients with the homozygous sickle cell anemia (HbSS) genotype were more likely to have an abnormal spleen echo texture. Patients treated with transfusions had echogenic spleens and had a higher frequency of splenic regeneration nodules. Most patients (80%) with splenomegaly did not require surgical splenectomy after 5.7 years of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Twenty years ago, children with HbSS SCD were expected to have autosplenectomy by age 5 years. There have been changes in the radiologic appearance of the spleen in patients with SDC, likely due to improved supportive care and the use of acute and chronic transfusion therapy. We found that autosplenectomy is rare by age 5 years, and during childhood and adolescence, the spleen typically appears echogenic, heterogeneous, or both, depending on disease severity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies; Spleen; Splenectomy; Splenomegaly; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 27353067
DOI: 10.7863/ultra.15.09023 -
Journal of Veterinary Science & Medical... Mar 2013We used live-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the gallbladders of male mice. These healthy mice were fasted overnight before the study and anesthetized...
We used live-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the gallbladders of male mice. These healthy mice were fasted overnight before the study and anesthetized in an animal chamber, with a gas mixture of oxygen and isoflurane for small animal MRI. In the course of these live-animal MRI studies, we observed a Phrygian cap appearance to the gallbladder of one healthy-appearing 6-week-old male mouse, similar to that of the human gallbladder described in many reports. After euthanasia for measurement of bile content, this mouse's gallbladder appeared anatomically normal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Phrygian cap appearance of the murine gallbladder.
PubMed: 24371838
DOI: 10.4172/2325-9590.1000110 -
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Dec 2005We examined the prioritization of abruptly appearing and disappearing objects in real-world scenes. These scene changes occurred either during a fixation (transient...
We examined the prioritization of abruptly appearing and disappearing objects in real-world scenes. These scene changes occurred either during a fixation (transient appearance/disappearance) or during a saccade (nontransient appearance/disappearance). Prioritization was measured by the eyes' propensity to be directed to the region of the scene change. Object additions and deletions were fixated at rates greater than chance, suggesting that both types of scene change arecues used by the visual system to guide attention during scene exploration, although appearances were fixated twice as often as disappearances, indicating that new objects are more salient than deleted objects. New and deleted objects were prioritized sooner and more frequently if they occurred during a fixation, as compared with during a saccade, indicating an important role of the transient signal that often accompanies sudden changes in scenes. New objects were prioritized regardless of whether they appeared during a fixation or a saccade, whereas prioritization of a deleted object occurred only if (1) a transient signal was present or (2) the removal of the object revealed previously occluded objects.
Topics: Attention; Environment; Eye Movements; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; Visual Perception
PubMed: 16615329
DOI: 10.3758/bf03206444 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2013Tendon disorders along the plantar aspect of the foot may lead to significant symptoms but are often clinically misdiagnosed. Familiarity with the normal anatomy of the... (Review)
Review
Tendon disorders along the plantar aspect of the foot may lead to significant symptoms but are often clinically misdiagnosed. Familiarity with the normal anatomy of the plantar tendons and its appearance at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ultrasonography (US) is essential for recognizing plantar tendon disorders. At MR imaging, the course of the plantar tendons is optimally visualized with dedicated imaging of the midfoot and forefoot. This imaging should include short-axis images obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the metatarsal shafts, which allows true cross-sectional evaluation of the plantar tendons. Normal plantar tendons appear as low-signal-intensity structures with all MR sequences. At US, accurate evaluation of the tendons requires that the ultrasound beam be perpendicular to the tendon. The normal tendon appears as a compact linear band of echogenic tissue that contains a fine, mixed hypoechoic and hyperechoic internal fibrillar pattern. Tendon injuries can be grouped into six major categories: tendinosis, peritendinosis, tenosynovitis, entrapment, rupture, and instability (subluxation or dislocation) and can be well assessed with both MR imaging and US. The radiologist plays an important role in the diagnosis of plantar tendon disorders, and recognizing their imaging appearances at MR imaging and US is essential.
Topics: Foot Diseases; Foot Injuries; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tendinopathy; Tendon Injuries; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 24224599
DOI: 10.1148/rg.337125167 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Oct 1999Unusual lesions of the breast can present a diagnostic challenge. These lesions include systemic diseases, benign tumors, and primary and metastatic malignancies.... (Review)
Review
Unusual lesions of the breast can present a diagnostic challenge. These lesions include systemic diseases, benign tumors, and primary and metastatic malignancies. Lymphadenopathy is the most common mammographic finding associated with collagen vascular disease. Wegener granulomatosis may manifest as an irregular, high-density mass simulating breast cancer. Diabetic fibrous mastopathy manifests at mammography as very dense breast tissue and at ultrasonography (US) as an irregular, hypoechoic mass with striking posterior acoustic shadowing simulating malignancy. Fibromatosis simulates malignancy at mammography as an irregularly shaped, uncalcified, high-density mass and at US as an irregular, hypoechoic mass with posterior acoustic shadowing. At US, granular cell tumor may manifest as a solid, poorly marginated mass with marked posterior acoustic shadowing or may appear more benign. At mammography, hamartomas are typically well-circumscribed, round to oval masses with a thin, radiopaque pseudocapsule; at US, they manifest as a sharply defined, heterogeneous oval mass or as normal glandular tissue. Phyllodes tumor manifests at mammography as a large, well-circumscribed oval or lobulated mass; at US, it usually manifests as an inhomogeneous, solid-appearing mass. At mammography, primary breast lymphoma manifests as a relatively circumscribed mass or a solitary, indistinctly marginated, uncalcified mass. Metastatic lesions may manifest mammographically as single or multiple masses or as diffuse skin thickening; at US, they tend to have circumscribed margins with low-level internal echoes. Radiologists should be familiar with the characteristic mammographic appearances of these lesions and should consider benign and systemic causes in the differential diagnosis when malignant-appearing findings are encountered.
Topics: Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Mammography; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 10517440
DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.19.suppl_1.g99oc07s11