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AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Jan 2002The objective of this article is to assess the utility of transvaginal saline hysterosonography in patients presenting with a normal-appearing endometrium on...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article is to assess the utility of transvaginal saline hysterosonography in patients presenting with a normal-appearing endometrium on conventional transvaginal pelvic sonography.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between August 1997 and October 1999, 180 patients underwent saline hysterosonography for abnormal vaginal bleeding. All patients had conventional transvaginal pelvic sonography before saline hysterosonography. On conventional transvaginal sonography, the sonographic appearance of the endometrium was classified according to the following parameters: normal or abnormal thickness, homogeneous or heterogeneous echogenicity, bulbous contour, discontinuous, or obscured. A comparison was performed between the endometrial appearance on conventional transvaginal sonography with that of the uterine cavity on saline hysterosonography.
RESULTS
Saline hysterosonography showed abnormalities in 114 patients. Polyps were identified in 53 patients, submucosal leiomyomas in 37 patients, uterine anomalies in two patients, a uterine anomaly and a submucosal leiomyoma in one patient, uterine synechiae in three patients, a synechia and a polyp in one patient, thick endometrial walls in six patients, nondistensible cavities in two patients, and polyps and submucosal leiomyomas in nine patients. Sixteen (14%) of 114 patients showed abnormalities (polyps and submucosal leiomyomas) on saline hysterosonography despite normal-appearing endometria on conventional transvaginal sonography.
CONCLUSION
Conventional transvaginal pelvic sonography does not appear to be a screening procedure of sufficient diagnostic value in the symptomatic patient with abnormal vaginal bleeding. In patients presenting with the chief complaint of abnormal vaginal bleeding, diagnostic evaluation with a saline hysterosonogram may be warranted despite normal findings on a transvaginal pelvic sonogram.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Endosonography; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Polyps; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus
PubMed: 11756106
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.178.1.1780129 -
Computerized Medical Imaging and... 1991Although soft tissue lipomata are common tumours, a large lipoma arising from the deep layers of the abdominal wall would appear to be excessively rare and the site of...
Although soft tissue lipomata are common tumours, a large lipoma arising from the deep layers of the abdominal wall would appear to be excessively rare and the site of origin may be difficult to determine. The CT and MRI appearances of such a tumour are described.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 1826228
DOI: 10.1016/0895-6111(91)90106-6 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Apr 1986Several nonangiographic catheters commonly used in children were bent and kinked, radiographed, and perfused at different rates to identify appearances that corresponded...
Several nonangiographic catheters commonly used in children were bent and kinked, radiographed, and perfused at different rates to identify appearances that corresponded to significant alterations in flow dynamics. Radiographic signs of catheter kinking (i.e., focal buckling) depended on the severity of bending and the angle of the radiographic beam relative to the plane of the bend. One or more straight lines appeared at the site of buckling; catheters that were not kinked did not demonstrate straight lines. Other signs were distortion of the round catheter lumen and bulging of the catheter material. Distortions short of sharp kinking did not compromise flow except in very small catheters.
Topics: Catheterization; Humans; Perfusion; Pressure; Radiography
PubMed: 3485354
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.146.4.789 -
Radiology Jul 1997To study the appearance and distribution of vertebral compression fractures on magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients with multiple myeloma.
PURPOSE
To study the appearance and distribution of vertebral compression fractures on magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients with multiple myeloma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred twenty-four vertebral compression fractures were studied on 216 sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR images of the thoracolumbar spine obtained before and during treatment in 37 patients with multiple myeloma. Vertebral compression fractures observed at diagnosis and during follow-up were determined as being benign- or malignant-appearing at MR imaging according to literature criteria, and their distribution along the spine was recorded.
RESULTS
One hundred forty-nine (67%) of the 224 vertebral compression fractures appeared benign; 75 (33%) appeared malignant. Of the 37 patients, 14 (38%) had only benign-appearing vertebral compression fractures at diagnosis. One hundred five fractures (87%) were observed between T-6 and L-4, and 112 (50%) occurred between T-11 and L-3. Eight (4%) vertebral compression fractures involved the upper three thoracic vertebrae.
CONCLUSION
Most vertebral compression fractures in patients with multiple myeloma appear benign at MR imaging, and their distribution is similar to that observed in osteoporotic fractures. The possibility of multiple myeloma should not be excluded in patients with benign-appearing vertebral compression fractures at MR imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Comminuted; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Fractures
PubMed: 9205246
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.204.1.9205246 -
Dental Update Nov 2001Bullying is endemic among schoolchildren, and the effects can be devastating and long lasting. The persistently bullied child appears to represent a certain...
Bullying is endemic among schoolchildren, and the effects can be devastating and long lasting. The persistently bullied child appears to represent a certain psychological type, with poorly developed social skills and a submissive nature. Physical appearance does appear to play a role, which includes facial and dental appearance, although these tend not to be primary factors. Teasing related to dental appearance appears to be particularly hurtful. There is little evidence of a marked increase in self-esteem following orthodontic treatment in children, but in adults following treatment there is an improvement of body concept. The long-term psychological benefits of orthodontic treatment are difficult to measure but there is an increasing awareness of malocclusion with age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Agonistic Behavior; Attitude to Health; Body Image; Child; Child Development; Esthetics; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Orthodontics, Corrective; Personality; Self Concept; Social Behavior; Socialization
PubMed: 11806190
DOI: 10.12968/denu.2001.28.9.464 -
Prion Dec 2023Eighteenth-century England witnessed the emergence of two neurological diseases in animals. Scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is a fatal...
Eighteenth-century England witnessed the emergence of two neurological diseases in animals. Scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats that appears in classical and atypical forms. Reports of classical scrapie in continental Europe with described symptoms date back to 1750 in what is now western Poland. However, two major outbreaks of scrapie appeared in England prior to the 1800s. References to a sheep disease with a resemblance to scrapie first appear in Southwestern England between 1693 and 1722 and in the East Midlands between 1693 and 1706. Concurrent with the descriptions of scrapie in sheep was a neurological disease of deer first appearing in the East of England. Two 18th-century writers remarked on the symptomatic similarities between the sheep and deer neurological diseases. Multiple outbreaks of the unknown deer disease existing as early as 1772 are examined and are identified as rabies.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Scrapie; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Rabies; Deer; Prion Diseases; Goats
PubMed: 36654484
DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2166749 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2006Ultrasonography (US) is useful for differential diagnosis of diseases of the salivary glands. In acute inflammation, salivary glands are enlarged and hypoechoic with... (Review)
Review
Ultrasonography (US) is useful for differential diagnosis of diseases of the salivary glands. In acute inflammation, salivary glands are enlarged and hypoechoic with increased blood flow; they may contain multiple small, oval, hypoechoic areas. In chronic inflammation, salivary glands are normal sized or smaller, hypoechoic, and inhomogeneous. Sialolithiasis appears as markedly hyperechoic lines or points with distal acoustic shadowing. Sialosis appears as enlarged hyperechoic glands without focal lesions or increased blood flow. The US features of advanced Sjögren syndrome include inhomogeneous salivary glands with scattered small, oval, hypoechoic or anechoic areas, usually well defined, and increased parenchymal blood flow. Pleomorphic adenomas are usually hypoechoic, well-defined, lobulated lesions with posterior acoustic enhancement that may contain calcifications; Warthin tumors are usually oval, hypoechoic, well-defined lesions that often contain anechoic areas and are often hypervascularized. Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands may have irregular shapes, irregular borders, blurred margins, and a hypoechoic inhomogeneous structure or may have a benign appearance. Salivary gland cysts have well-defined margins, anechoic contents, posterior acoustic enhancement, and no internal blood flow. However, US appearances of some diseases may overlap, thus producing diagnostic pitfalls.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Image Enhancement; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Salivary Gland Diseases; Salivary Glands; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 16702452
DOI: 10.1148/rg.263055024 -
European Journal of Surgical Oncology :... Jun 2002The appearence of distant metastases or local recurrence is assumed to render gastric cancer incurable. However, experience with colorectal cancer has shown that... (Review)
Review
The appearence of distant metastases or local recurrence is assumed to render gastric cancer incurable. However, experience with colorectal cancer has shown that patients with recurrent disease may have a chance for cure, if recurrent or metastatic disease can be completely resected. Since improved imaging allows detection of ever smaller tumour deposits, we have reviewed the pertinent literature to determine the current surgical options for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer. Metastatic disease or local recurrence is rarely resectable. Tumour recurrence in the remnant stomach after partial gastrectomy can be treated by secondary total gastrectomy and may occasionally result in long-term survival. Other types of local recurrence are generally not amenable to complete resection. The same is true for distant metastases. If, however, distant metasases are technically resectable, 5 year survival of approximately 20% has been documented. Solitary and late appearing metachronous tumours are associated with an improved prognosis. As a consequence resection of distant metastases should be considered, because the risk of metastasectomy is generally low and there is no alternative treatment with a chance for cure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 12099659
DOI: 10.1053/ejso.2002.1260 -
Radiology Dec 1986The anterior portion of the diaphragm has three typical appearances on computed tomographic (CT) scans, depending on the cephalocaudal relation of the xiphoid to the...
The anterior portion of the diaphragm has three typical appearances on computed tomographic (CT) scans, depending on the cephalocaudal relation of the xiphoid to the central tendon of the diaphragm. The anterior diaphragm most often appears as a relatively smooth or slightly undulating soft-tissue curve, concave posteriorly and continuous across the midline with the lateral diaphragmatic arcs. In the next most frequent CT appearance, the diaphragmatic line is discontinuous in the midline. On each of these images, the muscular line diverges rather than converges as it approaches the anterior chest wall. Less commonly, the anterior portions of the diaphragm are imaged on CT not as a thin line but instead as a broad band with irregular, ill-defined, or angular margins. Occasionally, the anterior diaphragmatic muscle is not identified on CT because the muscle fibers are inseparable from adjacent structures, or are extremely short or even absent. An understanding of these anatomic variations permits the correct diagnosis of Morgagni hernias and explains previously described variants of plain radiographic configurations of pneumoperitoneum.
Topics: Diaphragm; Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 3786709
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.161.3.3786709 -
Faraday Discussions Oct 2020Photonic structures in ordered, quasi-ordered or disordered forms have evolved across many different animal and plant systems. They can produce complex and often... (Review)
Review
Photonic structures in ordered, quasi-ordered or disordered forms have evolved across many different animal and plant systems. They can produce complex and often functional optical responses through coherent and incoherent scattering processes, often too, in combination with broadband or narrowband absorbing pigmentation. Interestingly, these systems appear highly tolerant of faults in their photonic structures, with imperfections in their structural order appearing not to impact, discernibly, the systems' optical signatures. The extent to which any such biological system deviates from presenting perfect structural order can dictate the optical properties of that system and, thereby, the optical properties that system delivers. However, the nature and extent of the optical costs and benefits of imperfect order in biological systems demands further elucidation. Here, we identify the extent to which biological photonic systems are tolerant of defects and imperfections. Certainly, it is clear that often significant inherent variations in the photonic structures of these systems, for instance a relatively broad distribution of lattice constants, can consistently produce what appear to be effective visual appearances and optical performances. In this article, we review previously investigated biological photonic systems that present ordered, quasi-ordered or disordered structures. We discuss the form and nature of the optical behaviour of these structures, focusing particularly on the associated optical costs and benefits surrounding the extent to which their structures deviate from what might be considered ideal systems. Then, through detailed analyses of some well-known 1D and 2D structurally coloured systems, we analyse one of the common manifestations of imperfect order, namely, the extent and nature of positional disorder in the systems' spatial distribution of layers and scattering centres. We use these findings to inform optical modelling that presents a quantitative and qualitative description of the optical costs and benefits of such positional disorder among ordered and quasi-ordered 1D and 2D photonic systems. As deviation from perfectly ordered structures invariably limits the performance of technology-oriented synthetic photonic processes, we suggest that the use of bio-inspired fault tolerance principles would add value to applied photonic technologies.
Topics: Crystallization; Optics and Photonics; Photons; Scattering, Radiation
PubMed: 33000817
DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00101e