-
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2019The Arthus reaction is a rare adverse reaction that usually occurs after vaccination with large and more severe local reactions, belonging to type Ⅲ hypersensitivity... (Review)
Review
The Arthus reaction is a rare adverse reaction that usually occurs after vaccination with large and more severe local reactions, belonging to type Ⅲ hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by pain, swelling, induration (Tissue that becomes firm) and edema, even accompanied by severe necrosis or ulceration at the injection sites. However, most of mild cases generally can be cured without treatment, and only severe cases need to be treated with anti-allergy. Therefore, this adverse reaction is often ignored by people.We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese database (CNKI database and Wan Fang database) for published studies using the terms "Arthus reaction" or "Arthus phenomenon", combined with "vaccine", with no date or language restrictions for all publications before January 28, 2019. Only 30 cases of Arthus reaction were found, of which only one case died.4 cases of Arthus reaction post-dose-1 were reported in the review. The proportion of Arthus reaction occurred after the first, second and third injections in those case reports was 13.3%, 50.0%, and 23.3%, respectively. Arthus reaction was determined according to the clinical symptoms (The symptoms which were observed by the researchers, such as red, swelling and painful with itching at or around the injection sites). The specific causes of Arthus reaction after one dose of vaccination are not described in detail in literatures. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that the case has a pre-existing specific IgG (Such as pre-existing antibody, etc.) to cause the Arthus reaction.And 17 reported cases were observed in children younger than 6 y. In addition, we collected only 18 cases of bacterial vaccine-induced Arthus reaction and 12 cases of viral vaccines. However, there are no other data (Such as the total number and incidence rate of vaccination) in literatures, so we cannot compare statistically significant differences. At presents, no previous reviews of vaccine-induced Arthus reaction have been found. Thus, a systematic review about vaccine-associated Arthus reaction is urgently needed to deepen people's understanding and concern of this phenomenon. In this manuscript, we retrospectively reviewed the description of the discovery process and mechanisms of Arthus reaction, a description of the characteristics of Arthus reaction cases, reporting the Arthus reaction cases in China during 2010-2015, diagnostic criteria and general treatment, preventive measures of Arthus reaction, and challenges remaining to be investigated in the future.
Topics: Arthus Reaction; China; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 30945978
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1602435 -
Platelets May 2020In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that platelets continuously repair vascular damage at sites of inflammation and/or infection. Studies in mouse... (Review)
Review
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that platelets continuously repair vascular damage at sites of inflammation and/or infection. Studies in mouse models of inflammation have highlighted the fact that the mechanisms underlying bleeding prevention by platelets in inflamed organs can substantially differ from those supporting primary hemostasis following tail tip transection or thrombus formation in models of thrombosis. As a consequence, exploration of the hemostatic function of platelets in inflammation, as well as assessment of the risk of inflammation-induced bleeding associated with a platelet deficit and/or the use of anti-thrombotic drugs, require the use of dedicated experimental models. In the present review, we present the pros and cons of the cutaneous reversed passive Arthus reaction, a model of inflammation which has been instrumental in studying how inflammation causes vascular injury and how platelets continuously intervene to repair it. The limitations and common issues encountered when working with mouse models of inflammation for investigating platelet functions in inflammation are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Arthus Reaction; Blood Platelets; Disease Models, Animal; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Inflammation; Mice; Thrombosis
PubMed: 32105152
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1732325 -
JAMA Feb 1971
Topics: Arthus Reaction
PubMed: 4250688
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Immunology 1999The contribution of either the complement system or the activation of Fc receptors for IgG (FcyRs) to the inflammatory response in immune complex (IC) disease is... (Review)
Review
The contribution of either the complement system or the activation of Fc receptors for IgG (FcyRs) to the inflammatory response in immune complex (IC) disease is puzzling. A series of studies has been performed in mice with engineered deficiencies of either FcgammaRs, the complement components C3, C4 or the C5a receptor. In addition, different C5-deficient mice strains have been evaluated. Mice with gene targeted disruption of the gamma-subunit, which mediates surface expression and signal transduction of the high affinity Fc receptor type I for IgG (FcgammaRI), the low affinity receptor Fc receptor type III for IgG (FcgammaRIII) and the high affinity receptor type I for IgE (IgepsilonRI), showed an impaired inflammatory response in the reverse passive Arthus reaction in skin, peritoneum and lung. These data suggest, that the activation of FgammaRs is the initial event triggering the inflammatory cascade in IC disease. On the other hand, C5aR deficient mice are either protected from tissue injury induced by ICs, as in the lung, or the degree of the inflammatory response is markedly attenuated, as in peritoneum and skin. A detailed analysis of data obtained with the different knock-out strains revealed that both the activation of the complement system as well as the activation of different effector cells via FcgammaRs contribute to the inflammatory sequelae leading to tissue destruction in IC disease. The relative contributions of FcgammaRI or FcgammaRIII and the main effector cells through which these receptors mediate their effector functions are tissue dependent. The activation of the C5a receptor pathway appears to be the prominent contribution of the complement system.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Arthus Reaction; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Inflammation; Lung Diseases; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Peritonitis; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, IgG
PubMed: 10698344
DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(99)00111-x -
The Journal of Dermatology Feb 2021The formation and deposition of immune complexes (IC) containing immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies induces an acute inflammatory response with tissue injury. One of the...
The formation and deposition of immune complexes (IC) containing immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies induces an acute inflammatory response with tissue injury. One of the experimental models of IC-related vasculitis is the cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction, in which IgG antibodies are injected i.d., followed immediately by the i.v. application of the corresponding antigen. This reaction is characterized by edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration. To assess the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in IC-related vasculitis, we investigated the cutaneous Arthus reaction using IL-10 knockout (IL-10KO) mice. Edema, which was quantified macroscopically by measuring the vascular leakage of Evans blue dye at 4 h after IC challenge, was significantly increased in IL-10KO mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, hemorrhage, which was assessed by the average diameter of purpuric spots at 8 h after IC challenge, was enhanced significantly in IL-10KO mice compared with wild-type mice. Histological examination showed that the number of extravascular neutrophils was significantly increased in IL-10KO mice compared with wild-type mice at 4 and 8 h after IC challenge. Analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression showed that IL-6 mRNA levels were significantly increased in IL-10KO mice compared with wild-type mice at 4 and 8 h after IC challenge. These results showed that IC-induced inflammation and vascular damage were significantly enhanced in the absence of IL-10. Thus, IL-10 may limit tissue disruption by suppressing the excessive infiltration of neutrophils and cytokine expression in a mouse model of type III vasculitis.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Arthus Reaction; Cytokines; Interleukin-10; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Skin
PubMed: 33063335
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15641 -
Methods in Enzymology 1988
Topics: Animals; Arthus Reaction; Disease Models, Animal; Hemorrhage; Rats; Skin
PubMed: 2976113
DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(88)62098-2 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1968
Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Anaphylaxis; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthus Reaction; Education, Medical; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 4230051
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5592.597 -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Jan 2000We induced reverse passive Arthus (RPA) reactions in the skin of rodents and found that the contribution of complement to immune complex-mediated inflammation is species...
We induced reverse passive Arthus (RPA) reactions in the skin of rodents and found that the contribution of complement to immune complex-mediated inflammation is species specific. Complement was found to be necessary in rats and guinea pigs but not in C57BL/6J mice. In rats, within 4 h after initiation of an RPA reaction, serum alternative pathway hemolytic titers decreased significantly below basal levels, whereas classical pathway titers were unchanged. Thus the dermal reaction proceeds coincident with systemic activation of complement. The serine protease inhibitor BCX 1470, which blocks the esterolytic and hemolytic activities of the complement enzymes Cls and factor D in vitro, also blocked development of RPA-induced edema in the rat. These data support the proposal that complement-mediated processes are of major importance in the Arthus reaction in rats and guinea pigs, and suggest that BCX 1470 will be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in diseases where complement activation is known to be detrimental.
Topics: Animals; Arthus Reaction; Complement Activation; Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; Complement Factor D; Complement System Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Species Specificity; Thiophenes
PubMed: 10605043
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.463 -
Annals of Allergy Mar 1974
Topics: Arthus Reaction; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Peptic Ulcer; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 4273310
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Immunology and... Apr 1988A classic Arthus reaction was elicited in normal domestic cats using chicken red blood cells as antigen. The response was quantitated grossly by measuring the area of...
A classic Arthus reaction was elicited in normal domestic cats using chicken red blood cells as antigen. The response was quantitated grossly by measuring the area of the resulting skin bleb at several set time intervals and by microscopic examination of biopsies taken at the conclusion of each of the trials. This method produced an intense Arthus reaction in each of the cats tested.
Topics: Animals; Arthus Reaction; Cats; Chickens; Erythrocytes; Female; Intradermal Tests; Male; Skin
PubMed: 2969157
DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(88)90067-0